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Topic: Hydrochlorofluorocarbon

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Hydrofluorocarbon

Fluorocarbon

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Chemical compound

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Chlorine

Fluorine

Hydrofluoric acid

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	Haloalkane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is one of a class of haloalkanes where not all hydrogen has been replaced by chlorine or fluorine.
		Adding hydrogen and thus creating hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), chemists made the compound less stable in the lower atmosphere enabling them to break down before reaching the ozone layer.
		Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are much more reactive than CFC's, so a large fraction of the HCFCs emitted break down in the troposphere, and hence are removed before they have a chance to affect the ozone layer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (3240 words)

	Hydrochlorofluorocarbon -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is one of a class of (A halocarbon in which some hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine; used in refrigerators and aerosols) fluorocarbon compounds that are used primarily as (A fluorocarbon with chlorine; formerly used as a refrigerant and as a propellant in aerosol cans) chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) substitutes.
		Moreover, CFCs primarily break down in the upper atmosphere where the protective (A layer in the stratosphere (at approximately 20 miles) that contains a concentration of ozone sufficient to block most ultraviolet radiation from the sun) ozone layer exists.
		Development of non- (A common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)) chlorine based chemical compounds as a substitute for CFCs and HCFCs continues.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hy/hydrochlorofluorocarbon.htm (248 words)

	Department of the Environment and Heritage Annual Report 1999-2000 - Operation of the Ozone Protection Act 1989 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Australia's annual importation of hydrochlorofluorocarbons was frozen at 250 ozone-depleting potential tonnes from 1 January 1996, about half the quantity allowed under the Montreal Protocol limits.
		Controlled-substances licences were issued to 12 importers of hydrochlorofluorocarbons for the licence period 1998-1999.
		In accordance with section 26 of the Ozone Protection Act, a quota system for the import of hydrochlorofluorocarbons was introduced on 1 January 1999.
	www.deh.gov.au /about/annual-report/99-00/ozone.html (1583 words)

	Chlorofluorocarbons, partially halogenated (ethane derivatives) (EHC 139, 1992)
		All the six hydrochlorofluorocarbons reviewed either have, or are expected to have, lower ozone-depleting potentials and have considerably lower atmospheric residence times than the fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons.
		The hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) considered in this monograph are compounds derived by the partial substitution of the hydrogen atoms in ethane with both fluorine and chlorine atoms.
		This is defined as the calculated depletion due to the emission of a unit mass of the hydrochlorofluorocarbon divided by the ozone depletion calculated to be due to the emission of a unit mass of CFC 11 (the ozone-depleting potential of CFC 11 is 1.0); calculations are based on steady-state conditions.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc139.htm (15096 words)

	Encyclopedia: Fluorine
		This article or section should be merged with Freon, Halon, CFC, and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and added to Alkyl halide Halons are a group of compounds obtained by replacing the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon with halogen atoms, such as bromine or fluorine.
		Freon is a trade name for a group of chlorofluorocarbons used primarily as a refrigerant.
		This article should be merged with Freon, Halon, CFC, and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and added to Alkyl halide Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is one of a class of fluorocarbon compounds that are used primarily as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) substitutes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Fluorine (4365 words)

	Abstract of CEH report Polyurethane Foams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the 1990s, the polyurethane foam industry met the challenge of replacing conventional fluorocarbon blowing agents with materials that will not destroy the ozone layer when they are released into the atmosphere.
		Hydrochlorofluorocarbon blowing agents play an important role in controlling product quality during the manufacture of polyurethane foams.
		However, a combination of new blowing agents (HFC-134a, HCFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, blends and hydrocarbons, CO2 and water-blown systems), machinery, and foaming technologies will be developed to ensure a supply of quality polyurethane foams into this century.
	www.sriconsulting.com /CEH/Public/Reports/580.1600/Abstract.html (375 words)

	ipedia.com: Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hydrochlorofluorocarbons is one of a class of fluorocarbon compounds that are used primarily as chlorofluorocarbon substitutes.
		Work on CFC alternatives began in the late 1970s after the first warning...
		Development of non-chlorine based chemical compounds as a substitute for CFCs and HCFCs continues.
	www.ipedia.com /hydrochlorofluorocarbon.html (158 words)

	Combined X-ray and Neutron Powder Refinement and NMR Study of Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HCFC-124a (CF2HCF2Cl) Binding on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The structure of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) 124a (CF Cl) adsorbed on NaX has been determined at 100 K, by performing simultaneous Rietveld analyses of both X-ray and neutron data.
		The HCFC molecule is localized above the four rings, and is bound via fluorine atoms on both the CF H and CF Cl groups to sodium cations in the SII and SIII' positions.
		This is consistent with the model obtained from the diffraction studies, where the CF H group is bound to two cations, while the CF Cl group is bound to only one cation.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtext?jpcbfk/105/i49/abs/jp0120413 (310 words)

	The Blinne Blog: Shuttle Undone By Environmental Regulation
		NCFI 24-124, a polyisocyanurate foam applied with blowing agent HCFC 141b hydrochlorofluorocarbon, is used on most areas of the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen tanks.
		NCFI 24-57, another polyisocyanurate foam applied with blowing agent HCFC 141b hydrochlorofluorocarbon, is used on the lower liquid hydrogen tank dome.
		BX-250, a polyurethane foam applied with CFC-11 chlorofluorocarbon, was used on domes, ramps, and areas where the foam is applied by hand.
	www.blinne.org /blog/2005/07/shuttle_undone_.html (1195 words)

	U.S. EPA: SNAP ANPRM
		Additionally, today's notice requests producers and formulators of substitutes for Class I ozone-depleting substances (i.e., chlorofluorocarbons, halons, methyl chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride) and Class II ozone-depleting substances (i.e., hydrochlorofluorocarbons), as well as substitute equipment manufacturers, to voluntarily provide EPA with information to facilitate the timely completion of risk characterizations on these substitutes.
		Title VI differs from the London Amendments by mandating a faster phaseout of methyl chloroform (2002 instead of 2005), a restriction on the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) after 2015, and a ban on the production of HCFCs after 2030.
		In title VI, the CFCs, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are defined as Class I substances; HCFCs are referred to as Class II substances.
	www.epa.gov /ozone/snap/regs/57fr1984.html (5203 words)

	FIRE EXTINGUISHER, HALOTRON 1 FIRE EXTINGUISHER, WATER MIST FIRE EXTINGUISHER, WATER & FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHER, WET ...
		We also service and refill all types of fire extinguishers found on the market.
		Halotron 1 is a "Clean Agent" HydroChloroFluoroCarbon discharged as a rapidly evaporating liquid which leaves no residue.
		Halotron is intended for use in areas formerly protected by Halon 1211 hand portable fire extinguishers such as computer rooms, telecommunications facilities, clean rooms, data storage areas, offices (for protection of sensitive electronic equipment, boats and vehicles.
	www.fashionworkwear.com /fireext.html (643 words)

	Hanford Environmental Report - April 9, 2004
		On March 12, 2004, EPA published a final rule (69 FR 11945) in the Federal Register amending the refrigerant recycling rule promulgated under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act (CAA).
		On March 10, 2004, EPA published a notice announcing that it was making available information related to a July 11, 2000 proposed rule under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program of Section 612 of the CAA.
		The July 11, 2000 proposed rule concerned use of several hydrochlorofluorocarbons in foam blowing applications.
	www.hanford.gov /pubs/envnews/april2004.html (2362 words)

	Residential Air Conditioning
		Three system types are available in the global residential market: window room air conditioners, ductless split air conditioning systems and ducted central air conditioning systems.
		The vast majority of residential air conditioners use hydrochlorofluorocarbon 22 (HCFC-22).
		This refrigerant will be available for many years, although the Montreal Protocol dictates its eventual phaseout.
	www.arap.org /docs/rac.html (739 words)

	CFC Phaseout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Immediate replacement of CFCs may be prohibitively expensive for certain applications, resulting in requests for longer phaseout times for the industries involved.
		Another factor complicating the transition issue is that replacement substances such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are themselves under phaseout schedules.
		These compounds are slated to be banned early in the next century, which would result in additional replacement costs for devices using HCFCs.
	www.ciesin.org /TG/OZ/cfcphs.html (472 words)

	Associate News \| November 2002 \| Professional Roofing Magazine
		Denver-based Johns Manville converted its Jacksonville, Fla., polyisocyanurate insulation manufacturing facility to produce a polyisocyanurate insulation product with pentane, a nonozone-depleting blowing agent.
		The plant was converted to comply with the Jan. 1, 2003, deadline to phase out hydrochlorofluorocarbon.
		The facility is said to produce enough blowing agent to meet global demands.
	www.professionalroofing.net /article.aspx?A_ID=170 (442 words)

	hydrochlorofluorocarbon - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about hydrochlorofluorocarbon
		hydrochlorofluorocarbon is not available in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
		You may also use the word browser links:
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /hydrochlorofluorocarbon (68 words)

	Structural Characterization and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Reactivity on Zinc-Exchanged NaX
		The reactions of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-124a (CF Cl) over NaX, and two Zn -exchanged NaX samples, were studied with NMR and a mass spectrometry (MS)-equipped catalysis unit.
		The products of both the dehydrofluorination and dehydrochlorination reactions are observed over all zeolites: the unsaturated products (CF and CF CFCl) desorb from the zeolites and are detected by MS.
		An in situ X-ray diffraction study of HCFC-124a loaded ZnX shows significant structural changes at the same temperature as the onset of HCFC reactivity.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtext?jpcbfk/103/i02/abs/jp9834098 (274 words)

	Honeywell Oxyfumes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Health care providers who require the highest margin of sterilizing safety in low temperature sterilizers use Oxyfume 2002.
		It is a non-flammable blend of 10 weight % ethylene oxide in HCFC [hydrochlorofluorocarbon] -124 and HCFC-22.
		The EPA Pesticide Registration Number for Oxyfume 2002 is 67470-9.
	www.honeywell-oxyfume.com (195 words)

	Teflon Coating Emits Toxic Chemicals When Heated
		They produce, among other chemicals, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), a persistent compound whose long-term effects on the environment are unknown, trace amounts of ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and longer-chain perfluorocarboxylates, which accumulate in animal tissues.
		CFCs -- widely used in refrigeration systems, aerosols, styrofoam and other products in the 1960s and 70s -- have been replaced by hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) gases.
		Unlike CFCs, these gases break down in the atmosphere and return to Earth in the form of rainwater.
	www.unisci.com /stories/20013/0719015.htm (402 words)

	Warner Norcross & Judd LLP - Air Quality (Including Title V) - Ozone Protections
		Production of Class II substances will be completely prohibited on and after January 1, 2030 (subject to minor exceptions allowed by the EPA).
		All production and consumption of hydrochlorofluorocarbon 141b will be banned as of January 1, 2003, and hydrochlorofluorocarbon 142b and 22 will be phased out by January 1, 2020.
		One major source of ozone-depleting emissions is automobile air conditioners.
	www.wnj.com /environmental/airpoll4.html (572 words)

	Production and Uses of CFC's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Of the 682 million kilograms of chlorofluorocarbons consumed globally during 1991, the DuPont Corporation estimates the use for various applications as follows: 32 percent for refrigerants, 28 percent for blowing agents, 20 percent for cleaning agents, and 18 percent for propellants.
		Statistics on the production, sales, and release of several CFC compounds have been compiled by the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS).
		Similar statistics are available for CFC-113, 114, and 115 beginning in 1980 and for the hydrochlorofluorocarbon HCFC-22 from 1970, when records on these compounds began to be compiled.
	www.ciesin.org /TG/OZ/prodcfcs.html (469 words)

	Flame retardants meet new legislation: News from Chemtura
		Historically, flame retardancy for these applications has been achieved by using Great Lakes PHT4-Diol flame retardant or chlorinated phosphate esters.
		However, with the Montreal protocol calling for phase-out of the standard blowing agent, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, foam manufacturers are revising their formulations to accommodate alternative blowing agents, which require a flame retardant with higher reactivity.
		Firemaster 520 flame retardant is effective with alternative blowing agents and, with its primary hydroxyl reactive groups, offers faster reaction rates, lower viscosity, and improved compatibility in water-blown systems.
	www.engineeringtalk.com /news/gtl/gtl126.html (471 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #7114292 - Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) blowing agents for foam insulation of launch vehicle cryogenic propellant tanks
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) blowing agents for foam insulation of launch vehicle cryogenic propellant tanks
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7114292 (168 words)

	Refrigerant Blends Containing Trifluoroiodomethane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some of these non-ozone-depleting refrigerants can supplant older ozone-depleting ones.
		Blends of refrigerant fluids have been developed as improved alternatives to conventional chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants, which contribute to depletion of stratosphere ozone.
		Each blend of this type is a zeotropic or nearly azeotropic mixture of trifluoroiodo-methane (CF I) with two or three hydro-fluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant compounds.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Dec01/KSC12180.html (270 words)

	Illegal imports of banned CFCs on the ris
		as the price of its replacement gases, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), are set to rise
		Used as a gas in air conditioning units, refrigerators, aerosol cans and in the manufacture of rigid polystyrene foam, CFCs were banned
		SA imports about 4 000 tons of hydrofluorocarbon (known as R22 for its chemical combination) and about 650 tons of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (134a) worth about R90-million a year.
	www.btimes.co.za /98/0705/comp/comp13.htm (477 words)

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