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Topic: Hydrocracking

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	Hydrocracking process - Patent 6296758
		A hydrocracking process wherein a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and a hot hydrocracking zone effluent containing hydrogen is passed to a denitrification and desulfurization reaction zone to produce hydrogen sulfide and ammonia to thereby clean up the fresh feedstock.
		Hydrocracking is generally accomplished by contacting in a hydrocracking reaction vessel or zone the gas oil or other feedstock to be treated with a suitable hydrocracking catalyst under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen so as to yield a product containing a distribution of hydrocarbon products desired by the refiner.
		The hydrocracking of the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock in contact with a hydrocracking catalyst is conducted in the presence of hydrogen and preferably at hydrocracking reactor conditions which include a temperature from about 450.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6296758.html (4990 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste: Spent ...
		Hydrocracking is a process in which the primary purpose is to reduce the boiling range of petroleum feedstocks.
		Hydrocracking involves the breaking down of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons to lighter components with an infusion of hydrogen and in the presence of heat.
		Most hydrocracking units, with the exception of the dual purpose units addressed in today's notice, are not designed to convert or crack untreated petroleum feedstock.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/2002/May/Day-08/f11451.htm (6570 words)

	Hydrocracking
		Hydrocracking is a two-stage process combining catalytic cracking and hydrogenation, wherein heavier feedstock are cracked in the presence of hydrogen to produce more desirable products.
		Hydrocracking is used for feedstock that are difficult to process by either catalytic cracking or reforming, since these feedstock are characterized usually by a high polycyclic aromatic content and/or high concentrations of the two principal catalyst poisons, sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
		Hydrocracking also performs isomerization for pour-point control and smoke-point control, both of which are important in high-quality jet fuel.
	www.setlaboratories.com /hydrocra.htm (635 words)

	Hydrocracking process for producing a high density jet fuel - Patent 5000839
		At this stage, hydrocracking is minimized but partial hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatics proceeds, together with a limited degree of conversion to lower boiling (400.degree.
		Catalysts of this type are relatively immune to poisoning by the nitrogenous and sulfurous impurities in the feedstock and, generally comprise a non-noble metal component supported on an amorphous, porous carrier such as silica, alumina, silica-alumina or silica-magnesia.
		The hydrocracker feed 8, is mixed with hydrogen from streams 20 and 10 and contacted with a noble metal-containing zeolite MCM-22 catalyst.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5000839.html (6785 words)

	Students' Guide to Refining
		Moreover, the hydrocracker does not yield any coke or pitch byproduct: the entire feedstock is converted into the required product range, an important consideration in a situation of limited crude oil availability.
		There are also examples where hydrocracking is complementary rather than alternative to the other conversion process; an example, cycle oils, which cannot be recycled to extinction in the catalytic cracker, can be processed in the hydrocracker.
		All hydrocracking process are characterised by the fact that in a catalytic operation under relatively high hydrogen pressure a heavy oil fraction is treated to give products of lower molecular weight.
	www.cheresources.com /refining5.shtml (1599 words)

	hydrocracking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This step should not be confused with Petro-Canada's HT Severe Hydrocracking process, as conditions of temperature and pressure in hydrofinishing are mild and less effective.
		In Petro-Canada's modern HT Severe Hydrocracking process, the elimination of aromatics and polar compounds is achieved by chemically reacting the feedstock with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst, at high temperatures and pressures.
		HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils respond very well to anti-oxidants and so have superior resistance to oxidation and a longer lubricant life.
	www.boucherandjones.com /hydrocracking.htm (906 words)

	Hydrocracking (Unicracking) Catalysts
		Our hydrocracking catalysts, from highly-selective distillate catalysts to high-activity naphtha catalysts, offer distinct advantages, including high activity, high selectivity and excellent stability.
		We offer hydrocracking catalysts that are well-suited to the full range of hydrocracking unit configurations.
		UOP is strongly committed to providing you with the most profitable hydrocracking catalyst solutions both now and in the future.
	www.uop.com /refining/1072.html (255 words)

	OSHA TECHNICAL MANUAL - SECTION IV: CHAPTER 2
		Improved catalysts and process methods such as hydrocracking and reforming were developed throughout the 1960's to increase gasoline yields and improve antiknock characteristics.
		Nitrogen is found in lighter fractions of crude oil as basic compounds, and more often in heavier fractions of crude oil as nonbasic compounds that may also include trace metals such as copper, vanadium, and/or nickel.
		Safe work practices and/or the use of appropriate personal protective equipment may be needed for exposures to chemicals and other hazards such as noise and heat; during process sampling, inspection, maintenance and turnaround activities; and when handling spent catalyst, recharging catalyst, or if leaks or releases occur.
	www.osha.gov /dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html (10392 words)

	TxSpace at Texas A&M University Libraries: Item 1969.1/1222
		A mechanistic kinetic model for the hydrocracking of paraffins based on the single-event kinetics approach has been studied.
		The "global" rate of reaction of a lump to another lump is expressed using lumping coefficients which account for the transformation of all the components of one lump into the components of another lump through to a given type of elementary steps.
		The model is also used to predict the product distribution for the hydrocracking of a heavy paraffinic mixture consisting of C9 to C33 normal paraffins.
	txspace.tamu.edu /handle/1969.1/1222 (403 words)

	New Page 1
		Two hydrotreating stages and one hydrocracking stage were performed in a batch reactor.
		Hydrocracking of hydrotreated shale oil and its atmospheric residue for full conversion to motor fuels.
		Hydrocracking of the whole hydrotreated shale oil yielded full conversion of atm.
	www.bgu.ac.il /chem_eng/pages/staff/hershkovitz/moti/publications.htm (6046 words)

	Hydrocracking catalyst (US4456693)
		A stable, highly active hydrocracking catalyst which contains a rare earth/noble metal exchanged ultrastable type Y zeolite dispersed in an inorganic oxide matrix.
		O prior to activation and use in a hydrocracking process.
		(c) rehydrating the catalyst particles prior to use in a hydrocracking process to obtain the moisture level set forth at (3).
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04456693 (267 words)

	AVEC : Oil Refinery Overview - Hydrocracking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hydrocracking utilises hydrogen gas and a catalyst to effect the conversion and separation of the residue feed stream into various products.
		Hydrocracking can produce LPG, naphtha, kerosene and distillates and the range of products depends on the type of feed to the unit.
		The hydrocracking process requires high pressure - in the order of 80 - 140 barg.
	www.avec.co.za /focus/refinery_data/rd_11.htm (88 words)

	Haldor Topsoe - Products & Services - Catalysts - Hydroprocessing - Mild Hydrocracking
		Mild hydrocracking is VGO hydroprocessing at moderate pressure (50-100 bar), where typically 10-30% of the feed is converted into low sulphur diesel and naphtha products.
		For mild hydrocracking combined with the highest possible sulphur removal at pressures below 80 bar, Topsoe generally recommends the CoMo catalyst TK-558 BRIM™, which has proven superior activity for this application.
		The enhanced hydrogenation activity of the BRIM Technology catalysts in general ensures an unusual high degree of stability at the severe conditions at which mild hydrocracking takes place.
	www.topsoe.com /site.nsf/all/BBNN-5PFGN7 (347 words)

	Headwaters Announces Results Of First Commercial Scale Test
		Processes for bottom of the barrel upgrading have been in commercial use for almost a century, from high temperature thermal cracking to catalytic hydrocracking that uses solid catalysts and hydrogen pressure to upgrade residual oils.
		Peter Quinn, president of Headwaters Heavy Oil, LLC, explained, "Prior to the introduction of the liquid-phase (HC)3 catalyst, conventional catalytic hydrocracking was the state-of-the-art in heavy oil upgrading.
		operation of ebullated bed hydrocrackers, Headwaters Heavy Oil, LLC intends that the (HC)3 Technology be used as the principal hydrocracking process for upgrading resid in "brownfield" and grass roots refineries which process heavy crudes such as Canada's tar sand bitumen.
	www.nickles.com /ntm/extra.asp?article=NTM2006_JO0000.html (624 words)

	Applications - HYDROCRACKING Catalysts
		Zeolyst International has been developing and manufacturing advanced hydrocracking catalysts since 1993, and we supply about 30% of the world's requirements.
		With an innovative technical approach and superior services, we are committed to providing our customers with cutting-edge catalyst technology in the hydrocracking area.
		For more information on hydrocracking catalysts please visit: www.criterioncatalysts.com.
	www.zeolyst.com /html/hydro.asp (173 words)

	(WO/1990/013615) HYDROCRACKING CATALYST AND PROCESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(EN) This invention provides an improved hydrocracking catalyst which includes an inorganic oxide component, such as alumina, a hydrogenation component, such as a base metal or a noble metal and a zeolite component which is a Y-zeolite.
		The catalyst in this invention is particularly characterized in that the zeolite component of the catalyst has a number average crystal size of less than about 0.5 micron, preferably less than about 0.4 micron.
		In the process aspect of this invention the use of the above catalyst in hydrocracking processes provides improved liquid fraction yields, particularly yields of high octane gasoline, diesel fuel and premium quality jet fuel.
	www.wipo.int /pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1990/13615 (419 words)

	Hydrocracking Information \| Business.com
		China based manufacturer of hydrocracking catalyst for oil processing.
		The prime activities of CRI International are research and development, manufacture and supply, servicing and handling, regeneration and recycling of catalysts for the refining and chemical industries.
		Manufacturer of catalysts for hydrotreating, hydrocracking, reforming, and dehydrogenation (styrene) catalysts.
	www.business.com /directory/chemicals/catalysts/hydrocracking (232 words)

	Hydrocracking by UOP Unicracking Process for Low Sulfur Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel.
		Hydrocracking by UOP Unicracking Process for Low Sulfur Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel.
		UOP offers a full range of hydrocracking configurations to meet your refinery’s unique needs.
		Our most commonly implemented configuration is a single-stage Unicracking design, where the fresh feed and recycle oil are converted in the same reaction stage.
	www.uop.com /refining/1071.html (247 words)

	OptiCracking®: Hydrocracking for the 21st. Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		OptiCracking® is still being patented worldwide and so a secrecy agreement is required (see "Licensing" below) before we can share with you the basic configurations of the process and what differentiates it from conventional hydrocracking processes.
		Feed and hydrogen are contacted with a multiple catalyst system in multi-bed reactors where desulfurization, denitrogenation and hydrocracking take place.
		Our marketing person developed a graphic comparison of OptiCracking® and conventional hydrocracking processes.
	www.processassociates.com /products/opti_hdc/index.htm (324 words)

	Dr. Baird's Publications - Wheeling Jesuit University
		"The Effect of Phosphorous on the Performance of a CoMo Hydrocracking Catalyts", October 1984.
		"The Deactivation Behavior of a NiW Hydrocracking Catalyst", January 1984.
		U.S. Patent #4,431,516, "An Improved Hydrocracking Catalyst", (to Amoco Oil), 1984.
	www.wju.edu /academics/che/faculty/bairdpublications.asp (883 words)

	HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS - Hydrocracking
		The advanced HT, severe Hydrocracking, process produces exceptionally pure base stocks.
		HT severe Hydrocracking removes virtually all of the polar compounds and undesirable aromatics from the feedstock.
		Some companies could be satisfied with those results, however, we treat the feedstock a second time to maximize stability and further reduce remaining trace amounts of unwanted compounds.
	www.purelubricants.com /hydroc.htm (97 words)

	1999 Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is one of the world's largest, integrated energy companies with global activities in all phases of the petroleum industry: exploration and producing, marketing and refining and chemicals.
		Mobil's developments in hydrocracking and dewaxing technologies date back to the 1960s and are commercially proven in its current operation of hydrocrackers and catalytic dewaxing units and units licensed around the world.
		The catalysts group, including its joint ventures Nippon Ketjen of Japan, FCC-S.A. of Brazil, and the Eurecat companies, has more than 40 years of comprehensive manufacturing and distribution experience and is well established in hydrotreating, hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking catalysts, as well as catalysts for the petrochemical industry.
	www.halliburton.com /news/archive/1999/kbrnws_032299.jsp (554 words)

	Hydrocracking process using zeolite beta (US4612108)
		A hydrocracking process for feedstocks containing high boiling, waxy components uses a number of sequential beds of hydrocracking catalyst based on zeolite beta.
		The proportion of zeolite beta in the catalyst increases in sequence so that the final bed has the highest zeolite concentration.
		Simultaneous catalytic hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbon oilswith zeolite beta
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04612108 (235 words)

	First Principles Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Our resources are devoted to a mixture of consulting, contract research, and basic research.
		Projects First Principles Research has been involved with since its founding in 1994 include high temperature superconductivity, kinetic models for oil hydrocracking and gasoline reforming, physical and numerical models for medical devices and airborne/space-based radar.
		Details on this and other work can be found at this website.
	www.firstprinciples.com (92 words)

	Hydrocarbons Technology - Haldor Topsoe - Catalysts and Technologies for the Refining Industry
		The Topsoe hydrocracking process uses a clever combination of process conditions and superior hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts to meet the required conversion as well as required product quality specifications from every unique hydrocracker feed stock blend.
		It also features an industry leader catalyst, graded-bed design for reactor pressure-drop control as well as state-of-the-art reactor internals specifically designed for hydrocracking service.
		The Topsoe hydrocracking process includes unique catalyst bed grading technology for pressure drop control.
	www.hydrocarbons-technology.com /contractors/catalysts/haldor (771 words)

	Hydrocracking definition - Hydrocarbons Technology
		Hydrocracking is a refining process, which uses a catalyst (hydrogen) under high pressure and temperature to “crack” the fractions into smaller molecules.
		This process produces high-octane gasoline and other good quality, stable distillates.
		Copyright 2006 SPG Media Limited a subsidiary of SPG Media Group PLC
	www.hydrocarbons-technology.com /glossary/hydrocracking.html (45 words)

	Powell's Books - Chemical Industries #66: Hydrocracking Science and Technology by Julius Scherzer
		It discusses hydrocracking processes and hydrocracking technology in catalytic dewaxing, resid upgrading, and fluid catalytic cracking feedstock improvement
		Covers both the science and technology of catalytic hydrocracking, which plays a key role in petroleum processing.
		Coverage includes an overview and discussion of such topics as catalysts and their preparation; manufacturing and activation; reactions and reaction pathways; catalyst composition, performance, deactivation, reactivation, characterization, and testing; hydrocracking processes; factors affecting yields and quality; and catalytic dewaxing.
	www.powells.com /biblio?isbn=0824797604 (314 words)

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