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Topic: Hydrogen chloride

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Chloride

Thionyl chloride

Tin(IV) chloride

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Phosphorus pentachloride

Water (molecule)

Stomach acid

Acetic acid

Sulfuric acid

Hydrochloride

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	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Hydrogen Chloride
		At room temperature, hydrogen chloride is a colorless to slightly yellow, corrosive, nonflammable gas that is heavier than air and has a strong irritating odor.
		Hydrogen chloride dissociates readily in water to chloride and hydronium ions (an ion is an electrically charged atom or molecule), which ultimately lowers the pH of the water (makes it more acidic).
		Hydrogen chloride is used to produce other chemicals, or for applications such as a metal pickling, ore refining, food processing, manufacture of fertilizers and dyes, and in the rubber and textile industries.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts173.html (1016 words)

	hydrogen chloride. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Hydrogen chloride is prepared commercially by the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium chloride (common salt); niter cake, a mixture of sodium bisulfite and sulfuric acid that is a byproduct of nitric acid manufacture, is sometimes used in place of sulfuric acid.
		Hydrogen chloride is also produced as a byproduct of the manufacture of chlorinated organic chemicals.
		Although anhydrous (water-free) hydrogen chloride is commercially available as a high-pressure compressed gas in steel cylinders, most of the gas produced is dissolved in water to form hydrochloric acid (see acids and bases), a commercially important chemical.
	www.bartleby.com /65/hy/hydrogn-ch.html (407 words)

	Linde Nippon Sanso - Bulk Gases \| Products
		Linde Nippon Sanso provide their customers with liquid bulk gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, helium or carbon dioxide.
		Pressurised gases (e.g.helium or hydrogen) are delivered in larger bundle configurations or by means of Linde
		ammonia or hydrogen chloride) can be covered by our expert specialty gases bulk solutions.
	www.linde-nippon-sanso.de /en/bulk/bulk.html (194 words)

	Hydrogen Chloride
		Hydrogen chloride is a colorless to slightly, yellow gas with an irritating, pungent odor.
		Containers of hydrogen chloride may explode in the heat of the fire and should be moved from the fire area if it is possible to do so safely.
		Before a worker is placed in a job with a potential for exposure to hydrogen chloride, a licensed health care professional should evaluate and document the worker's baseline health status with thorough medical, environmental, and occupational histories, a physical examination, and physiologic and laboratory tests appropriate for the anticipated occupational risks.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/healthguidelines/hydrogenchloride/recognition.html (4010 words)

	Hydrogen Chloride Scott Specialty Gases for semiconductor and electronic applications
		Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) is a colorless, toxic, corrosive, nonflammable gas with a sharp, suffocating odor, severely irritating to the upper respiratory tract and corrosive to eyes, skin and mucous membranes.
		Hydrogen Chloride is heavier than air, fumes in moist air and has a great affinity for water.
		Hydrogen Chloride is used for plasma and thermal etching of silicon and gallium arsenide water surfaces prior to epitaxial silicon and gallium arsenide growth.
	www.scottsemicon.com /pures/hcl.html (141 words)

	ScienceDaily: Hydrogen chloride (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydrogen chloride, also known under the name HCl, is a highly corrosive and toxic colorless gas that forms white fumes on contact with humidity.
		How A Red Lady Becomes Black And White (July 8, 2005) -- A small quantity of chloride in the red paint in the painting 'Portrait of a Young Lady' by Peter Paul Rubens in the Mauritshuis Museum in The Hague is causing the red parts of the painting to slowly...
		Hydrogen chloride -- Hydrogen chloride, also known under the name HCl, is a highly corrosive and toxic colorless gas that forms white fumes on contact with...
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/Hydrogen_chloride (1448 words)

	Hydrogen Chloride - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydrogen Chloride, colorless, corrosive, nonflammable gas, formula HCl, with a characteristic penetrating, suffocating odor.
		Fires can produce a number of different gases, including some that are harmless and some that are toxic.
		In the early 19th century Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro made an important advance in the understanding of how atoms and molecules in a gas behave....
	encarta.msn.com /Hydrogen_Chloride.html (123 words)

	TRI HCL
		Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a slightly yellow gas that has a pungent, irritating odor.
		The primary manmade sources of gaseous hydrogen chloride in the U.S. include combustion of fuels, incineration of refuse, smelting of metal scrap, and manufacture of aluminum, plywood, and particle board.
		Hydrogen chloride is not classified as a human carcinogen.
	www.hepn.com /tri/hcl.htm (598 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vinyl chloride's toxicity limits its use in consumer goods, though it has been historically (until 1974) utilized as an aerosol spray propellant; carcinogenic potential has long been established and the prospective legal liability is comparable to that of asbestos (implicated in the causality of mesothelioma).
		It was briefly used as an inhalational anaesthetic, in a similar vein to ethyl chloride, though its toxicity forced this practice to be abandoned.
		Vinyl chloride is considered to be a carcinogen and has in particular been linked to certain cancers of the liver— particularly, angiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=vinyl_chloride (544 words)

	Hydrogen Chloride--Chemical Properties--Yoshiko Shoji (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydrogen chloride is a colorless, corrosive, a non-flammable gas.
		Hydrogen chloride is less soluble in water when the water temperature increases, and it is also less soluble in alcohol and other organic liquids.
		All the solutions also corrode active metals which form chlorides and hydrogen, turn litmus red, neutralize alkalis, and react with salts or weak acids, and form chlorides and weak acids.
	web1.caryacademy.org /chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/CompoundWebSites/2000/HydrogenChloride/page6CP.htm (236 words)

	Reaction of Chlorine with Hydrogen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When the hydrogen flame is lowered into chlorine gas in a glass cylinder, the flame becomes larger and brighter, indicating that the hydrogen is now being oxidized by chlorine instead of oxygen.
		The reaction between hydrogen and air is replaced by the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine, which produces hydrogen chloride.
		If the hydrogen is ignited in air, the increase in temperature due to the exothermic reaction between hydrogen and oxygen allows the reaction to proceed at a fast rate and a flame appears.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA3/MAIN/CLH/PAGE1.HTM (407 words)

	Hydrogen chloride - HCl - has many uses among which are the following: as a chemical intermediate; in the ...
		Hydrogen chloride - HCl - has many uses among which are the following: as a chemical intermediate; in the hydrochlorination of rubber; as a babbitting flux; in the production of vinyl and alkyl chlorides; in the separation of cotton from wool; in the delinting of cotton.
		Hydrogen chloride is a colourless gas of strong odour; it condenses at -85° C (-121° F) and freezes at -114° C (-173° F).
		The reactions of hydrochloric acid are those of typical strong acids, such as: reactions with metals in which hydrogen gas is displaced, reactions with basic oxides and hydroxides that are neutralized with the formation of a chloride and water, and reactions with salts of weak acids in which the weak acid is displaced.
	www.c-f-c.com /gaslink/pure/hydrogen-chloride.htm (702 words)

	Hydrogen halides as acids
		Hydrogen fluoride can be made in exactly the same way as hydrogen chloride using concentrated sulphuric acid, but hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide can't.
		The familiar steamy fumes of hydrogen chloride in moist air are caused by the hydrogen chloride reacting with water vapour in the air to produce a fog of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
		A proton is donated from the hydrogen chloride to one of the lone pairs on a water molecule.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /inorganic/group7/acidityhx.html (2131 words)

	VINYL CHLORIDE
		Vinyl chloride is most commonly made by the "balanced process" in which ethylene is reacted to produce ethylene dichloride, which in turn is dehydrochlorinated to produce vinyl chloride.
		Vinyl chloride is not normally found in urban, suburban, or rural air in amounts that are detectable by the usual methods of analysis.
		Vinyl chloride evaporates rapidly, and its half life in water at a depth of 1m is estimated to be 26 minutes.
	wvlc.uwaterloo.ca /biology447/Assignments/assignment1/vinyl_chloride/vinyl_chloride1.htm (1153 words)

	Hydrogen Chloride
		Hydrogen Chloride may be prepared in the laboratory by heating Concentrated Sulphuric Acid, with Sodium Chloride.
		Chlorides are the salts of Hydrochloric Acid, and they are also produced in the direct reaction between their constituent elements.
		In the laboratory, a mixture of Cuprous Chloride, and Hydrochloric Acid, is used for converting Benzene Diazonium Chloride, to Chlorobenzene, in the Sandmeyer Reaction.
	www.ucc.ie /academic/chem/dolchem/html/comp/hcl.html (823 words)

	Hydrogen Chloride Microscale Gas Chemistry Experiments
		The gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) samples used in these experiments are generated by the thermal method.
		Hydrogen chloride is generated by the following 3-step maneuver described in Chapter 1 and summarized in Figure 2.
		Hydrogen chloride is extremely soluble in water and cannot be washed.
	mattson.creighton.edu /HCl (2215 words)

	TXU - Hydrochloric Acid
		Hydrogen chloride is a slightly yellow gas that has a pungent irritating odor.
		By contrast, global human-induced releases of hydrogen chloride and chlorides are less than 5 million tons each year, about 22% of which is contributed by U.S. industry.
		The EPA estimated maximum short- and long-term human health exposures to hydrogen chloride at power plants and determined that utility hydrogen chloride emissions do not pose a significant health risk.
	www.txucorp.com /responsibility/environment/emissions/hydr_aci.asp (215 words)

	hydrogen chloride - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		hydrogen chloride chemical compound, HCl, a colorless, poisonous gas with an unpleasant, acrid odor.
		Investigation into hydrogen chloride release at EVC, Runcorn, Leads to Prohibition Notice.
		The effect of electrochemical chloride extraction on pre-stressed concrete.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-hydrogn-ch.html (782 words)

	electrophilic addition - symmetrical alkenes and hydrogen halides
		The double bond breaks and a hydrogen atom ends up attached to one of the carbons and a bromine atom to the other.
		In the case of the bromocyclohexane, it isn't necessary to write the new hydrogen into the diagram, but it is helpful to put it there to emphasise that addition has happened.
		Hydrogen chloride and the other hydrogen halides add on in exactly the same way.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /mechanisms/eladd/symhbr.html (499 words)

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