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Topic: Hydrogen Fluoride

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	CDC \| Facts About Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid)
		Hydrogen fluoride also can be released when some other fluoride-containing compounds such as ammonium fluoride are combined with water.
		Hydrogen fluoride is also used for etching glass and metal.
		If you are near a release of fluorine or hydrogen fluoride, emergency coordinators may tell you to either evacuate the area or “shelter in place” inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/hydrofluoricacid/basics/facts.asp (1318 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Existing data indicate that subsets of the population may be unusually susceptible to the toxic effects of fluoride and its compounds.
		Fluoride retention on a low-protein, low-calcium, and low-phosphorus diet was 65% in patients with chronic renal failure, compared with 20% in normal subjects (Spencer et al.
		This is due to the decreased fluoride clearance combined with the intravenous exposure to large amounts of fluoride during dialysis.
	www.zerowasteamerica.org /FluorideToxProfile.htm (617 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: Hydrogen Fluoride
		Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless, fuming liquid or gas with a strong, irritating odor.
		Hydrogen fluoride is used in separating uranium isotopes, as a cracking catalyst in oil refineries, and for etching glass and enamel, removing rust, and cleaning brass and crystal.
		Hydrogen fluoride is irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and inhalation may cause respiratory irritation or hemorrhage.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg11.html (5803 words)

	hydrogen fluoride — Infoplease.com
		hydrogen fluoride, chemical compound, HF, a colorless, fuming liquid or colorless gas that boils at 19.54°C. It is miscible with water and is soluble in benzene, toluene, and concentrated sulfuric acid.
		Hydrofluoric acid is a water solution of hydrogen fluoride; hydrofluoric acid containing 35.35% hydrogen fluoride by weight is an azeotrope with a constant boiling point of 120°C. Whether gaseous, liquid, or in solution, hydrogen fluoride is a dangerous chemical and must be handled with caution, since it attacks the skin and other tissue.
		Hydrogen fluoride is produced commercially by heating purified fluorspar (calcium fluoride) with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce the gas, which may be condensed by cooling or dissolved in water.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0824722.html (415 words)

	Hydrogen fluoride (PIM 268)
		Hydrogen fluoride is highly corrosive to all tissues.
		The fluoride ion is the most electronegative element in the periodic table; it is a relatively small ion and therefore diffuses readily; and, because hydrogen fluoride is a weak acid, there are sufficiently uncharged species to allow tissue penetration.
		For: dermal exposures to hydrogen fluoride concentration greater than 20% when the victim has long delay before treatment of exposure to a lesser concentration when a large tissue area has been affected by a lower concentration Initial Medical Treatment: Topical or systemic analgesics are likely to mask the symptoms and should generally be avoided.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/chemical/hydfluor.htm (5193 words)

	Hydrogen Fluoride \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Individuals may also be exposed to hydrogen fluoride and other fluorides in the ambient environment from emissions from industrial processes and coal combustion, as well as from natural sources that include volcanic activity and dust from weathering fluoride-containing rocks and soils.
		Hydrogen fluoride has a sharp, pungent, irritating odor; the odor threshold is 0.042 parts per million (ppm).
		Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is one of the strongest acids known.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/hydrogen.html (1582 words)

	Hydrogen Fluoride
		Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless, fuming liquid or gas (depending on the temperature) with a strong, irritating odor.
		Effects on Animals: Hydrogen fluoride is a severe pulmonary irritant as a gas; as a liquid, it is corrosive to the skin and eyes.
		Before a worker is placed in a job with a potential for exposure to hydrogen fluoride, a licensed health care professional should evaluate and document the worker's baseline health status with thorough medical, environmental, and occupational histories, a physical examination, and physiologic and laboratory tests appropriate for the anticipated occupational risks.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/healthguidelines/hydrogenfluoride/recognition.html (4184 words)

	Hydrogen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hydrogen could be used a lot more in the future if enough funding is given to use a hydrogen based society.
		Hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table.
		Hydrogen was discovered in 1766 by Henry Cavendish in England.
	www.mvschools.org /ms/projects/html/black/hydrogen.htm (395 words)

	Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine. Aqua Prix Safe Drinking Water Systems
		Fluorides in released to the air from volcanoes and industry are carried by wind and rain to nearby water, soil, and food sources.
		Fluorides are everywhere throughout the environment, but at very low levels that are not believed to be harmful.
		EPA recommends that states limit fluoride in drinking water to 2 mg/L. Spills of more than 10 pounds of fluorine, 100 pounds of hydrogen fluoride, or 1,000 pounds of sodium fluoride must be reported to the National Response Center.
	www.aquaprix.com /about_fluoride2.html (863 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Fluorine, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorides
		Hydrogen fluoride and fluorine are naturally-occurring gases that are very irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
		Hydrogen fluoride gas will be absorbed by rain and into clouds and fog to form hydrofluoric acid, which will fall to the ground.
		Fluorides released to the air from volcanoes and industry are carried by wind and rain to nearby water, soil, and food sources.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts11.html (1210 words)

	Hydrogen fluoride [factsheet]
		* Individuals may also be exposed to hydrogen fluoride and other fluorides in the ambient environment from emissions from industrial processes and coal combustion, as well as from natural sources that include volcanic activity and dust from weathering fluoride-containing rocks and soils.
		* Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is one of the strongest acids known.
		Hydrogen fluoride is also used for separating uranium isotopes, as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, and in stainless steel pickling.
	www.weblakes.com /toxic/HYDROGEN_FLUORIDE.HTML (1131 words)

	Volcanic Hazards: Gases (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hyrdogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride)
		Volcanic Hazards: Gases (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hyrdogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride)
		The volcanic gases that pose the greatest potential hazard to people, animals, agriculture, and property are sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen fluoride.
		Chloride in the sea salt combines with hydrogen in the water to form hydrochloric acid in the plume.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /Hazards/What/VolGas/volgas.html (1958 words)

	Hydrogen Fluoride: Toxicology and Poisoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hydrogen fluoride is a corrosive chemical that can cause immediate or delayed onset of deep penetrating injury.
		Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a colorless, highly irritating gas with a pungent odor.
		More information about hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid may be obtained from your regional poison control center, your state, county, or local health department; the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR); your doctor; or a clinic in your area that specializes in occupational and environmental health.
	www.fluoridealert.org /Mednets-HF.htm (4438 words)

	Hydrogen halides as acids
		Hydrogen fluoride has an abnormally high boiling point for the size of the molecule (293 K or 20°C), and could condense to a liquid on a cool day.
		The familiar steamy fumes of hydrogen chloride in moist air are caused by the hydrogen chloride reacting with water vapour in the air to produce a fog of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
		A proton is donated from the hydrogen chloride to one of the lone pairs on a water molecule.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /inorganic/group7/acidityhx.html (2131 words)

	Fluoride: 1. What are fluorides?
		Data on hydrogen fluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, sulfur hexafluoride and silicofluorides are covered, as these compounds are considered to be the most relevant of the inorganic fluorides on the basis of quantities released to the environment, environmental concentrations and toxicological effects on living organisms."
		"Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a colourless, pungent liquid or gas that is highly soluble in organic solvents and in water, in which it forms hydrofluoric acid.
		Calcium fluoride is used as a flux in steel, glass and enamel production, as the raw material for the production of hydrofluoric acid and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, and as an electrolyte in aluminium production.
	www.greenfacts.org /fluoride/fluorides-3/01-use.htm (506 words)

	HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
		Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a colorless gas or liquid that is made up of a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom.
		Hydrogen fluoride as a weapon: HF can be an “agent of opportunity.” This means that someone could explode the vehicle of transportation (truck, train) that is being used to ship the chemical, or destroy tanks that store the chemical.
		The effects of hydrogen fluoride will depend on the concentration of exposure, length of time and way the person is exposed.
	www.idph.state.il.us /Bioterrorism/factsheets/hydro_fluoride.htm (1123 words)

	Hydrogen fluoride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hydrogen fluoride can be found in consumer products for removing rust, cleaning brass, and glass etching, although use in consumer products is discouraged due to the corrosiveness and toxicity.
		Hydrogen fluoride is typically marketed in three common forms: anhydrous HF, aqueous 70% HF, aqueous 49% HF.
		Hydrogen fluoride is toxic and can be fatal if even small amounts are ingested or absorbed through the skin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride (365 words)

	Fluoride
		It is characterized by diffuse opacities and under-mineralized enamel.
		Fluorides are cumulative and build-up steadily with ingestion of fluoride from all sources, which include not just water but the air we breathe and the food we eat.
		The use of fluoride toothpaste in dental hygiene and the coating of teeth are further sources of substantial levels of fluoride intake.
	tuberose.com /Fluoride.html (12406 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The HF laser uses atomic fluorine and molecular hydrogen to produce excited hydrogen fluorine molecules producing several simultaneous wavelengths in the range of 2.7 - 2.9 microns.
		The laser or beam generating device is a hydrogen fluoride (HF) chemical laser which produces the high power laser beam by photon extraction from excited HF molecules, generated by the energetic reaction of hydrogen and fluorine.
		Because Hydrogen and Fluorine are very reactive gasses, hydrocarbons are used as the Hydrogen source and Fluorine compounds, such as SF or NF are used as a source for Fluorine.
	www.lasalle.edu /academ/chem/laser_web/hydrogen_fluoride.html (502 words)

	Hydrofluoric acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The vapors from this reaction are a mixture of hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric acid, and a few minor byproducts, from which hydrogen fluoride can be isolated by distillation.
		While HF is a weak acid in water, as the mole percent concentration of HF is increased to near 100%, the acidity increases dramatically.
		The FHF anion is stabilized by the very strong hydrogen - fluorine hydrogen bond, but this is disrupted by water in less concentrated situations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid (1071 words)

	Hydrogen Fluoride / Hydrofluoric Acid (CAS No. 7664-39-3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hydrogen Fluoride Release from Texas Oil Refinery Leads to Evacuation of Neighborhood IFIN Bulletin #319 July 10, 2001
		Visible symptoms of fluoride injury Alan Davison, University of Newcastle, and Leonard Weinstein, Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University.
		Fluorides and Sulfur Dioxides as Causes of Plant Damage Fluoride Vol.
	www.fluoridealert.org /hydrogen.fluoride.htm (510 words)

	Interstellar Hydrogen Fluoride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		We expect hydrogen fluoride to be the dominant reservoir of gas-phase fluorine in Sgr B2, because it is formed rapidly in exothermic reactions of atomic fluorine with either water or molecular hydrogen; thus, the measured HF abundance suggests a substantial depletion of fluorine onto dust grains.
		F bond strength that suggests that hydrogen fluoride is likely to be a major reservoir of gas-phase fluorine, we have undertaken a search for interstellar hydrogen fluoride toward the strong far-infrared continuum source Sgr B2.
		The detection of hydrogen fluoride reported here marks the first discovery of an interstellar molecule containing the element fluorine and the first time that a new astrophysical molecule has been identified by means of observations in the far-infrared (30
	ecf.hq.eso.org /~ralbrech/sepoct97apjl/975509.html (3083 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : hydrogen : compound data [hydrogen (I) fluoride]
		For each compound, and where possible, a formal oxidation number for each element is given, but the usefulness of this number is limited, especially so for p-block elements in particular.
		Dry hydrogen fluoride gas may be made in the laboratory by heating anhydrous potassium hydrogen fluoride and collecting the evolved hydrogen fluoride gas.
		Hydrogen fluoride gas may be made on very large scales (20000 tonnes par year) by the reaction of calcium(II) fluoirde, CaF
	www.webelements.com /webelements/compounds/text/H/F1H1-7664393.html (386 words)

	Hydrogen Fluoride Industry Practices Institute
		The Hydrogen Fluoride Industry Practices Institute (HFIPI) develops and publishes recommended practices specific to the Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) Industry.
		HFIPI members recognize that sustaining the safety record for HF depends on active dissemination of technologies and the continual education of the entire industry.
		The Hydrogen Fluoride Industry Practices Institute (HFIPI) is pleased to offer its Recommended Practices for the Hydrogen Fluoride Industry, Volumes 1, 2 and 3.
	www.hfipi.com (136 words)

	3M US: Hydrogen Fluoride Respirator
		3M recommended for low levels of hydrogen fluoride (HF).
		Replaceable filter and cartridge versions are U.S. government-approved for use with half face or full facepiece models.
		3M™ Particulate cartridge 2076HF, hydrogen fluoride / P95
	www.3m.com /Product/information/Hydrogen-Fluoride-Respirator.html (72 words)

	About Hydrogen Fluoride
		Hydrogen Fluoride, also known as hydrofluoric acid (HF), is an inorganic acid mainly used for producing fluorine-containing materials such as refrigerants, pharmaceutical intermediates and fluoropolymers.
		Other uses include metals manufacturing, glass etching and polishing, production of gasoline, stainless steel pickling, semi-conductor preparation and various applications in the chemical and specialty metal production industries.
		Sign up for the HF Safety Seminar, August 30-31, 2006!
	www.hfpanel.com (63 words)

	Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride
		See the most recent posting for this Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride (Oct 15, 2006)
		See more products about Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride from this supplier
		The identity of this member has been verified by a third-party credit-reporting agency.
	dongyue.en.alibaba.com /product/50006393/50041403.html (224 words)

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