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Topic: Hydrogen fuel

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	Hydrogen economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Molecular hydrogen is not available in convenient reservoirs, although hydrogen exists in large quantities as an atmospheric trace gas and, in a cyclic process, is produced by microbes and consumed by methanogens.
		Hydrogen is about three times bulkier in volume than natural gas for the same energy delivered, and hydrogen accelerates the cracking of steel (hydrogen embrittlement), which increases maintenance costs, leakage rates, and material costs.
		The Hydrogen Expedition is currently working on creating a hydrogen fuel cell-powered ship and using it to circumnavigate the globe, as a way to demonstrate the capability of hydrogen fuel cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrogen_fuel (5192 words)

	Fuel cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Typical reactants used in a fuel cell are hydrogen on the anode side and oxygen on the cathode side (a hydrogen cell).
		Fuel cells cannot store energy like a battery, but in some applications, such as stand-alone power plants based on discontinuous sources such as solar or wind power, they are combined with electrolyzers and storage systems to form an energy storage system.
		Fuel cells are often considered to be very attractive in modern applications for their high efficiency and potentially emission-free use, in contrast to currently more common fuels such as methane or natural gas that generate carbon dioxide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fuel_cell (2316 words)

	Hydrogen.gov \| The President's Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The President's Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (Background) commits $1.2 billion over five years for the research, development, and demonstration of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.
		Hydrogen can be produced from a diverse mix of domestic, non-petroleum energy resources, such as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, wind, biomass, and solar energy.
		Hydrogen is the key to a cleaner energy future.
	www.hydrogen.gov /president.html (510 words)

	4hydrogen.com - About Hydrogen Energy
		If hydrogen fuel were spilled in large quantities it would evaporate instantaneously and the only by-product of hydrogen fuel is water.
		Since hydrogen fuel cells rely on chemistry and not combustion, its emissions are virtually zero in comparison to the cleanest fuel combustion engines.
		Hydrogen fuel cells can be made in a vast quantity of sizes.
	www.4hydrogen.com /about.html (617 words)

	Hydrogen (13-Jan-2006) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Since hydrogen is not available in significant quantities in nature in pure form, the main present way of getting hydrogen is steam methane reforming, and this will probably remain the most economical way as long as methane (natural gas) is available cheaply and in large quantities, and hydrogen is required only in small quantities.
		Hydrogen can be used as a fuel directly in an internal combustion engine not much different from the engines used with gasoline.
		The problem is that while hydrogen supplies three times the energy per pound of gasoline it has only one tenth the density when the hydrogen is in a liquid form and very much less when it is stored as a compressed gas.
	www-formal.stanford.edu /jmc/progress/hydrogen.html (3397 words)

	Online NewsHour: Does Hydrogen Fuel Pose Environmental Problems?
		Hydrogen fuel supporters cite its significant environmental benefits: unlike fossil fuels, hydrogen can be pollution-free and infinitely renewable through wind, solar and hydropower sources.
		Once the hydrogen is in a fuel cell car, only water vapor and heat will be expelled from the tailpipe, but the process of burning fossil fuels to obtain the hydrogen will release carbon dioxide, the primary cause of global warming.
		If hydrogen replaces fossil fuels as the world's main energy source, the researchers believe that each year 60 trillion to 120 trillion grams of hydrogen could be released into the atmosphere.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/science/hydrogen/environment.html (735 words)

	Hydrogen fuel cell technology
		Moreover, a compressed hydrogen fuel tank would be at risk of developing pressure leaks either through accidents or through normal wear, and such leaks could result in explosions.
		Hydrogen does not freely occur in nature in useful quantities, therefore hydrogen must be split from molecules, either molecules of methane derived from fossil fuels or from water.
		The basic problem of hydrogen fuel cells is that the second law of thermodynamics dictates that we will always have to expend more energy deriving the hydrogen than we will receive from the usage of that hydrogen.
	www.culturechange.org /hydrogen.htm (2053 words)

	hydrogen fuel cells
		Fuel cells that use hydrogen can be thought of as devices that do the reverse of the well known experiment where passing an electric current through water splits it up into hydrogen and oxygen.
		Hydrogen fuel is fed into the "anode" of the fuel cell.
		Fuel cells utilizing hydrogen as a fuel would be zero emission vehicles, and those using other fuels would produce near-zero emissions.
	www.bullnet.co.uk /shops/test/hydrogen.htm (2895 words)

	Hydrogen and Hydrogen Fuel
		Hydrogen was used in early "hot-air" balloons, and later in airships (dirigibles) during the early 1900's.
		Fuel cells are a type of technology that use hydrogen to produce useful energy.
		The hydrogen could then be stored and burned as fuel, or to operate a fuel cell to generate electricity at night or during cloudy periods.
	www.cogeneration.net /HydrogenFuel.htm (8141 words)

	EERE: Hydrogen Energy - Fuel Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hydrogen is fed to the anode, and oxygen is fed to the cathode.
		A phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) consists of an anode and a cathode made of a finely dispersed platinum catalyst on carbon paper, and a silicon carbide matrix that holds the phosphoric acid electrolyte.
		A relatively new member of the fuel-cell family, the direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is similar to the PEM cell in that it uses a polymer membrane as an electrolyte.
	www.eere.energy.gov /RE/hydrogen_fuel_cells.html (483 words)

	Hydrogen as fuel
		Hydrogen can be stored in these materials at such high densities as to surpass the density of liquid hydrogen.
		For one thing, considering hydrogen gas to be an energy 'source' is a misnomer — it does not naturally occur on the earth; it must be derived from something else.
		While hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, on our planet all of it is bound with other elements.
	news-info.wustl.edu /tips/page/normal/6008.html (1074 words)

	NREL: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Research Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe.
		Hydrogen and fuel cell RandD efforts at NREL are focused on hydrogen production and delivery, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, technology validation, safety, codes and standards, and analysis.
		The Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Group of the Center for Electric and Hydrogen Technologies and Systems coordinates and integrates NREL's hydrogen and fuel cell research activities, and works with DOE and other government agencies, industry, communities, universities, and other national labs to implement the National Hydrogen Energy Vision for America's clean and secure energy future.
	www.nrel.gov /hydrogen (275 words)

	Hydrogen: The Perfect Fuel
		I became interested in using hydrogen as a fuel when my dad introduced me to it several years ago, and now I plan to study science and technology in order to become a part of making it happen.
		These fuels are cleaner than gasoline or diesel (Nadis and MacKenzie 69) and would help clean the air of some pollutants, but the inescapable facts are that they are fossil fuels, their supplies are limited, and the greenhouse gas contributions are expected to be about the same as those of oil-based fuels (151).
		Hydrogen is a fuel and is therefore combustible.
	www.commutercars.com /h2 (1710 words)

	Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
		Fuel cells—devices that produce electricity via chemical reactions rather than combustion—convert fuel into electricity two or three times more efficiently than power plants or internal combustion engines do, and produce far fewer toxic emissions or noise.
		The coming "hydrogen economy" will pair electricity with hydrogen to produce an energy system that is safer, cleaner, and even more versatile than the one we know today.
		Fuel cells can then produce on-demand electrical energy to power your home, your laptop or your cell phone, and even power your car.
	www.rmi.org /sitepages/pid304.php (289 words)

	FC2K
		A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product.
		Since fuel cells operate silently, they reduce noise pollution as well as air pollution and the waste heat from a fuel cell can be used to provide hot water or space heating for a home or office.
		Hydrogenics also has received an order for a HyPM® FCPP to be integrated into a Japanese OEM's Class 1 forklift, with delivery scheduled for late in 2006.
	www.fuelcells.org (616 words)

	Fuel Cell Vehicles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Fuel cells onboard the vehicle create electricity through a chemical process using hydrogen fuel and oxygen from the air.
		They also can be fueled with hydrogen-rich fuels; such as methanol, natural gas, or even gasoline; but these fuels must first be converted into hydrogen gas by an onboard device called a "reformer."
		The California Fuel Cell Partnership is a collaboration of auto companies, fuel providers, fuel cell technology companies, and government agencies demonstrating fuel cell electric vehicles in California under day-to-day driving conditions.
	www.fueleconomy.gov /feg/fuelcell.shtml (418 words)

	Hydrogen Fuel
		Hydrogen's potential use in fuel and energy applications includes powering vehicles, running turbines or fuel cells to produce electricity, and generating heat and electricity for buildings.
		This special class of fuel cells produces electricity from hydrogen and oxygen, but can be reversed and powered with electricity to produce hydrogen and oxygen.
		Our focus is based in providing "optimized" power and energy projects that provides our commercial, industrial, utility and municipal clients with reduced fuel expenses, lowered electricity expenses, increased system efficiency, and therefore results in decreased carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gas emissions.
	www.cogeneration.net /hydrogen_fuel.htm (4948 words)

	Scientific American Frontiers . Don't Forget. Why Cars Must Be Green \| PBS
		In Iceland, geothermal energy is used to produce hydrogen fuel which in turn powers cars.
		But instead of drawing gasoline from tanks underground, this pump draws hydrogen from an electrolyzer--a reverse fuel cell stack that uses electricity to extract hydrogen fuel from water instead of generating electricity and water from hydrogen.
		Though hydrogen can be made directly from natural gas, coal or even petroleum, the environmental effects of these methods must be considered.
	www.pbs.org /saf/1403/segments/1403-3.htm (479 words)

	Guru's Lair: Hydrogen Energy library directory
		terrestrial hydrogen is a "pollution amplifier" that INCREASES the
		electrolysis for bulk hydrogen apps is a really, really dumb thing to do.
		Even after all these years, hydrogen is still number one on the charts.
	www.tinaja.com /h2gas01.asp (941 words)

	Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Renewable Energy Links
		Fuel Cell Store.com Source for lots of FC stuff.
		Palcan fuel cells 100 W - 5 kW fuel cells
		The Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Investor Resource for investors in the hydrogen and fuel cell industry.
	www.rebresearch.com /H2links.html (374 words)

	General Hydrogen - Hydrogen Fuel Cell Solutions
		Packs for lift trucks at facilities across North America.
		General Hydrogen develops and is commercializing fuel cell systems and hydrogen fueling solutions for industrial vehicles and other off-road equipment.
		Major companies in manufacturing, food distribution and third-party logistics are testing General Hydrogen's fuel cell Hydricity
	www.generalhydrogen.com (88 words)

	Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Investor
		· European Fuel Cell Forum Ends its Support for Development of PEM Fuel Cells and a Hydrogen Economy
		· May '04: H2FC Report on Small Fuel Cell Conference
		· 5/18/06 MTI Micro Fuel Cells announces strategic alliance with Samsung
	www.h2fc.com (145 words)

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