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Topic: Hydrogen sponge alloy

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	Titanium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is used in steel alloys to reduce grain size and as a deoxidizer, and in stainless steel to reduce carbon content.
		Titanium alloyed with vanadium is used in the outer skin of aircraft, fire walls, landing gear, and hydraulic tubing.
		An estimated 58 tons of the metal is used in the Boeing 777, 43 in the 747, 18 in the 737, 24 in the Airbus A340, 17 in the A330 and 12 in the A320, according to the 2004 annual report of the Titanium Metals Corporation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Titanium (2853 words)

	HyWeb: Knowledge - Hydrogen in the Energy Sector Chapter 4
		Within the framework of research activities at Daimler-Benz in the eighties regarding hydrogen cars, a daughter firm was founded in cooperation with Mannesman with the intention of optimizing the technology of metal hydride storage.
		Linde’s hydrogen network is predominantly supplied by a single natural gas reformer with 35000 Nm /h capacity (corresponding to a yearly capacity of 280 Million Nm /a) as well as chemical producers from the Bitterfeld region.
		The transport of hydrogen is associated with costs that are negotiated on a case by case basis with the corresponding delivery firm.
	www.hydrogen.org /Knowledge/w-i-energiew-eng4.html (5264 words)

	Hydrogen Labs: Hydrogen Technology Glossary
		H is the chemical symbol for hydrogen, the lightest element of the table of elements and the most abundant element of the universe.
		The hydrogen is soaked into the alloy like into a sponge and fills the spaces in the crystal lattice of the alloy.
		hydrogen, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO The necessary energy is supplied by the combustion („oxidation") of parts („partial") of the feedstock in the process itself.
	www.hydrogenlabs.com /hydrogen-glossary.html (1414 words)

	hydrogen peroxide as it relates to kidney dialysis
		Hydrogen peroxide (50 uM in the perfusion buffer) induced a decrease in airway conductance and dynamic compliance and perfusion flow during 5 min.
		Hydrogen peroxide induces thromboxane A2 mediated vaso and bronchoconstriction in the isolated perfused an ventilated guinea pig lung.
		Hydrogen peroxide's mechanical effect of effervescence and resultant removal of tissue debris is probably a more effective means of reducing the bacterial content of wounds, denuded areas, and mucous membranes than actual antibacterial activity.
	www.dialysisethics.org /fyi/perocid.htm (13951 words)

	Utilizing Hydrogen as an Intermediate Energy Carrier - Nestor Siu
		Hydrogen is produced by certain strains of biological organisms which produce hydrogen as one of their normal waste products, just as animals produce carbon dioxide when they breath, and plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis.
		Hydrogen can be stored chemically in a liquid hydride such as methanol (a molecule which has 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atom, and also has half the energy density, by volume, of gasoline).
		Hydrogen can be ignited in a wider range of concentrations when compared to natural gas and gasoline - in the air, hydrogen can be ignited in concentrations of 4% to 75%, whereas gasoline and natural gas can only be ignited in concentrations of 1% to 7.5% and 5.3% to 15% respectively.
	www.sfu.ca /~nsiu/fuel_cells/fuel_cells.html (3753 words)

	A New Hydrogen Economy?
		But the hydrogen is retained and combined with carbon dioxide to form simple carbohydrates, the beginnings of an elaborate food chain that feeds and powers nearly all living things, including people.
		Interest in hydrogen as a fuel was rekindled during the oil embargo of the '70s.
		Currently, hydrogen can be stored conveniently only as a compressed gas or as a cryogenic liquid, neither of which is particularly well-suited for fueling the family car.
	gtalumni.org /StayInformed/magazine/fall91/hydrogen.html (1899 words)

	Scientific American Frontiers . Hydrogen Hopes . Watch Online \| PBS
		One major question to resolve if we're to use hydrogen is how to store it.
		Iceland is furthest along in abandoning oil for hydrogen, thanks to its vast reserves of geothermal energy.
		Alan checks out two ways to make hydrogen from the sun's energy -- first using solar panels, then using sunlight to grow algae that in turn are converted to hydrogen.
	www.pbs.org /saf/1506/video/watchonline.htm (144 words)

	Hydride Hurdles on the Hydrogen Highway (By Jim Motavalli)
		Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, and it’s all around us, but it’s difficult to isolate and it’s a devil of a material to work with, because it is so light and slippery.
		The greater efficiencies of hydrogen mean that such a car would have acceptable range, and metal hydride storage (with lithium boro-hydride as the material) promises systems holding 13 percent of their weight in hydrogen.
		The problem, she said, is that the sponge doesn’t want to be squeezed; the hydrogen is tightly bound to it.
	www.emagazine.com /view/?2392 (1361 words)

	PhysOrgForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums -> Hydrogen from solar power
		It could be made to work in a hybrid style IC/electric configuration but the Hydrogen's low energy/volume ratio would work against it, particularly because hybrids are already strapped for space due to their dual power systems.
		The total amount of hydrogen absorbed is generally 1% - 2% of the total weight of the tank but more exotic hydrides are capable of storing 5% - 7% of their own weight, but the latter only release it when heated to temperatures of 2500 C or higher making them impractical for general use.
		The result is the hydrogen released from the tank is extremely pure, but the tank's lifetime and ability to store hydrogen is reduced as the impurities are left behind and fill the spaces in the metal that the hydrogen once occupied.
	forum.physorg.com /index.php?showtopic=2576 (2526 words)

	Hydrogen Forecast: The Promise of Solid-State H2 Storage
		For hydrogen to be accepted as a mainstream transportation fuel, however, vehicle designers will need greater package flexibility than relatively bulky, traditional gas cylinders permit.
		In a metal-hydride storage tank, hydrogen is introduced to a mixture of metal alloys, to which the H2 atoms bond directly.
		At the same time, new metal-hydride alloying is enabling greater quantities of H2 to be stored at lower temperatures – also a range-boosting factor.
	www.hydrogenforecast.com /January2005/hf_ovonicsolidstate.html (1293 words)

	Adept Alchemy (Robert A. Nelson): Transmutation: Hydrogen to Helium
		The only exception is when oxygen is kept continuously running through the tube, and this, I think, is due, not to lack of liberation of hydrogen, but to the oxygen combining with the small quantity of hydrogen liberated, just as it combines with the mercury vapor and causes the disappearance of the mercury lines.
		Patterson was interested in the pure physics of the electron, and had developed a hypothesis that "by doubling the electrical charge on hydrogen atoms, it might be possible to convert this into an a particle, and so into helium." He got neon instead.
		Hydrogen was removed by exploding it with oxygen in a burette or in the collection tube, which had platinum wires sealed in it.
	www.rexresearch.com /adept/aa6hhene.htm (2268 words)

	alloy - BIKINI.CO.ZA
		..alloys containing nickel as the bleaching agent and a percentage of the population is allergic to nickel.
		..alloyed with supplementary metals the term carat or karat is used to specify the amount of gold present, with 24 carats being pure gold and lower ratings being proportionally less.
		..alloys used for precision metal stamping are copper, aluminum, brass, beryllium, nickel, nickel silver, steel, stainless steel, phos bronze and titanium.
	bikini.co.za /search/?Q=alloy (2708 words)

	Ovonic Hydrogen Solid Storage Technology Overview
		Because hydrogen is a major component of water and of hydrocarbons, it is in abundant supply.
		Proprietary ECD Ovonics metal hydrides are alloys that are specifically formulated according to new principles to absorb hydrogen much like a sponge absorbs water.
		Coupled with renewable sources, such as Ovonic multi-junction photovoltaic products, a hydrogen co-generation system can store energy in the form of hydrogen for later use when the renewable source is not available, or when extra power may be needed for load-leveling purposes.
	www.ovonic.com /eb_hy_solid_hydrogen.cfm (384 words)

	Hydrogen from solar power
		With an energy density for gasoline, from the second reference, of 8.76KwH/L, the breakeven point for hydrogen, when hydrogen is cheaper/KwH than gasoline is $.85/L or $3.19/gal.
		His goal is to use these creatures to develop the ultimate energy bug to produce hydrogen and or use of their photoreceptor genes for solar energy.
		Hydrogen Solar sent me their current Tandum Cell numbers @ 10.2% efficiency: $1.50/LB for H2 And they say that a theoretical efficiency of 35% is possible, and a 22% efficiency is realistically achievable, i.e.,...
	lofi.forum.physorg.com /Hydrogen-from-solar-power_2576.html (4706 words)

	HyWeb: Wissen - Hydrogen application in urban vehicles
		Hydrogen of hydrogen rich energy carriers enable the reduction of local emissions as well as the gradual introduction of renewable energies into the transportation sector and thus the reduction of greenhouse gases.
		Hydrogen as a new vehicle fuel provides the opportunity for both, the reduction or avoidance of polluting emissions and the drastic reduction of the noise level produced.
		Hydrogen settles in several layers on graphite fibers with diameters of between 5 and 100 nanometers and lengths of 5 to 100 micrometers.
	www.hydrogen.org /Wissen/NHF97.htm (5439 words)

	Glossary - Millennium Cell - The Hydrogen Battery Technology Company
		A hydrogen battery is a combination of a power module (fuel cell) and an energy module (based on Hydrogen on Demand® technology).
		A device in which fossil fuels are reacted with water vapor and heat to produce gas that is mostly hydrogen.
		In addition to being useful as fuel for hydrogen batteries, sodium borohydride is used in a variety of chemical industries, including the paper and pulp industries, wastewater processing and pharmaceutical synthesis.
	www.millenniumcell.com /fw/main/Glossary-34.html (744 words)

	Scientific American Frontiers . Hydrogen Hopes . Resources \| PBS
		Chances are it'll still be gasoline —— but the price they'll be paying could be steep, not just in dollars and even lives as the international competition for oil escalates, but in the consequences of continuing to pour global warming gases into the atmosphere.
		Much of the auto industry is betting that cars like this are the future, reducing dependency on oil and — by putting out only water from their exhausts — reducing the emission of carbon dioxide, linked to global warming.
		ALAN ALDA (NARRATION) Nowhere is the dream of hydrogen's becoming the fuel of the future more alive than here — perhaps one of the last spots on earth you'd expect such a revolution to unfold.
	www.pbs.org /saf/1506/resources/transcript.htm (3601 words)

	ScienceDaily: National Energy Technology Laboratory And Carnegie Mellon University Team Up To Create New Paradigms For ...
		Instead of having to produce a large suite of alloys with various proportions of metals--such as palladium and copper--and then test them to determine optimum compositions for maximum hydrogen purification, they could predict in advance which compositions would have the desirable properties.
		Hydrogen vehicle -- A hydrogen car is an automobile which uses hydrogen as its primary source of power for locomotion.
		Hydrogen chloride -- Hydrogen chloride, also known under the name HCl, is a highly corrosive and toxic colorless gas that forms white fumes on contact with...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/01/050128223148.htm (1886 words)

	Titanium & alloy research and development for UK and Europe. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Virtually all the commercially significant, proprietary alloys developed in the past 25 years have been invented by our labs.
		To manufacture small quantities of titanium alloys for customer evaluation, quickly and with complete confidentiality, our pilot scale melt and forge facility houses the industry's most complete small-scale VAR melt shop.
		HTL is capable of producing small 'button' melts of 0.5 lbs and ingots ranging from 6" diameter weighing 15 lbs to 18" diameter weighing 1800 lbs, in customer-specified compositions.
	www.timet.com /gencapabilities.html (428 words)

	Global Hydrogen Agreement Marks 25 Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Hydrogen power, a recent media phenomenon, presents an enticing alternative — one whose development reaches much further back than most imagine.
		"Hydrogen is one of the few options we have for meeting energy demands without increasing global carbon dioxide emissions,” said Giorgio Simbolotti, PhD, an IEA program officer who also spoke at the briefing.
		The US Department of Transportation also plays a key role in hydrogen’s future, he said, adding that research led by Norwegian conglomerate Norsk is a prime example of the expanding role for corporations in the IEA-HIA.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?newsID=1981 (3177 words)

	The best entries at Creative Weblogging for 'alloy' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		This company, Ovonic Hydrogen Systems, has also tested this technology with a hydrogen powere...
		Alloy is known for its expertise in experiential...
		Using a super-elastic, shape-memory metal alloy called "thin film nitinol," UCLA engineers are developing a collapsible heart valve...
	www.creative-weblogging.com /tag/alloy (739 words)

	Alloy Steel Manufacturers,Alloy Steel Suppliers,Alloy Steel From India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Alloy Steel Manufacturers,Alloy Steel Suppliers,Alloy Steel From India
		Equipped with two high powered eccentric bottom tapping electric arc furnaces for slag free tapping, ladle refining furnace, twin strand 6 metre radius billet casting machine with closed casting facility and continuous charging of hot briguetted iron and sponge iron.
		· Forging Grade Gothic ingots of stainless alloy and carbon steel in square and polygon shape.
	www.rathiispat.com /main-facility.html (277 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		For a journal article, please see the Resource Relation field.
		Iron-titanium `sponge` can store hydrogen for vehicles, powerplants
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6883302 (100 words)

	Hydrogen Energy Project Achieves Breakthrough (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		A new hydrogen storage technology being commercialised by The University of Queensland spin-off company, Hydrexia Pty Ltd, could propel hydrogen gas into the mass market as an alternative green fuel.
		According to Professor Dahle, practical storage is one of the largest barriers to hydrogen’s adoption as a clean fuel source.
		Under laboratory conditions, the magnesium alloys can store enough hydrogen to allow a vehicle (carrying a 100kg storage unit) to drive 500 kilometres, which meets a target set by the US Department of Energy for hydrogen storage systems by 2010.
	www.azom.com /news.asp?newsID=2583 (2587 words)

	alloy - ZOOBIKE.COM.CN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		An alloy with two components is called a binary alloy; one with three is a ternary alloy; one with four is a quaternary alloy.
		Alloy Media + Marketing, Reaching Today's Tweens, Teens, College...
		As the country's largest provider of nontraditional media and marketing services, Alloy Media + Marketing is the leader in developing and implementing...
	zoobike.com.cn /search/?Q=alloy (2538 words)

	hydrogen peroxide
		and nitric acid on thiourea (and possibly a hydrogen peroxidate of thiourea dioxide) decomposed violently on drying in air, with evolution of sulfur dioxide and free sulfur.
		Storage tanks should be constructed of high-purity aluminium alloy.
		is used in the manufacture of acetone, antichlor, antiseptics, benzoyl peroxide, buttons, disinfectants, pharmaceuticals, felt hats, plastic foam, rocket fuel, sponge rubber and pesticides.
	www.gasdetection.com /TECH/h2o2.html (12236 words)

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