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Topic: Hydrogen sulphide

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	NASD: MANURE GAS -- HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
		Hydrogen sulphide is produced continuously in all un-aerated manure storage systems, including shallow barn gutters, underground storage tanks or outside manure holding ponds or lagoons.
		Hydrogen sulphide is approximately 20 percent heavier than air, with a specific gravity of 1.19.
		During agitation, hydrogen sulphide is released from the manure in the same manner as carbon dioxide is liberated after shaking a carbonated soft drink.
	www.cdc.gov /nasd/docs/d001501-d001600/d001535/d001535.html (1024 words)

	Hydrogen Sulphide
		Hydrogen sulphide is not merely a smelly nuisance from stink bombs or rotten eggs.
		Hydrogen Sulphide is a potent chemical asphyxiant, combining with haemoglobin and with cytochromes and thus rapidly stopping oxygen from access to cellular metabolism (just like gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide).
		Hydrogen Sulphide is very foul smelling but very quickly paralyses the sense of smell, and can go on to overcome the victim and eventually cause death.
	www.agius.com /hew/resource/h2s.htm (282 words)

	Hydrogen Sulphide 1
		Despite the relatively stable hydrogen sulphide distribution over the last 7,500 years, the level of the interface separating the oxygenated water from the oxygen-deprived lower waters has fluctuated according to the physical oceanography of the region.
		Garkavaya (unpublished data) recently recorded hydrogen sulphide concentrations of 1.5 to 2.25 ml/l in the lower water column on the north-western shelf at depths of 10-30 m.
		Yet hydrogen sulphide on the shelf is still transitory, occurring primarily in summer and autumn, as intense water column mixing during winter and spring reoxygenates the bottom waters.
	www.grid.unep.ch /bsein/publish/h2s_1.htm (438 words)

	ERA Technology \| Impact of gaseous sulphides on electronic reliability - ERA Technology Ltd
		Hydrogen sulphide is well known as the classic "bad egg gas" of the school chemical laboratory, with its pungent, unpleasant and easily recognised smell, even at very low concentrations.
		Sulphide contact: Devices were used in steel plant, adjacent to blast furnaces that are certain to raise ambient levels of hydrogen sulphide, although no local measurements of its concentration were carried out.
		Hydrogen sulphide is heavier than air and the basement location of the equipment may have increased exposure levels.
	www.era.co.uk /news/rfa_feature_03.asp (1338 words)

	Hydrogen Sulphide
		Hydrogen Sulphide often is present in wells drilled in shale or sandstone, or near coal or peat deposits or oil fields.
		Hydrogen Sulphide may be temporarily controlled by conducting a shock chlorination / disinfection of the well or water source.
		Hydrogen Sulphide concentrations exceeding 7 to 10 ppm can be removed by injecting an oxidizing chemical such as household bleach or potassium permanganate followed up by filtration.
	www.qh2o.com /hydrogen_sul.htm (636 words)

	Hydrogen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The preparation of hydrogen gas is usually from a reduction of a compound containing hydrogen that is in the +1 oxidation state.
		Hydrogen does not itself support combustion, as may be shown by passing a lighted taper into an inverted jar of hydrogen, when the taper is extinguished.
		Hydrogen is also evolved at the anode in the electrolysis of a solution of calcium hydride, in fused mixture of potassium chloride and lithium chloride.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem001.html (1157 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Hydrogen Sulfide
		Hydrogen sulfide is released primarily as a gas and spreads in the air.
		Hydrogen sulfide has not been shown to cause cancer in humans, and its possible ability to cause cancer in animals has not been studied thoroughly.
		Hydrogen sulfide can be measured in exhaled air, but samples must be taken within 2 hours after exposure to be useful.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts114.html (1154 words)

	Hydrogen Sulfide (Cicads 53, 2003)
		Hydrogen sulfide may be produced by a variety of commercial methods, including reacting dilute sulfuric acid with iron sulfite, heating hydrogen and sulfur into their vapour phase, and heating sulfur with paraffin.
		Hydrogen sulfide levels of 0.92 µg/g in blood, 1.06 µg/g in brain, 0.34 µg/g in kidney, and 0.38 µg/g in liver were detected at autopsy in a man who was overcome by hydrogen sulfide after working for 5 min in a tank (Winek et al., 1968).
		Hydrogen sulfide is excreted primarily as sulfate (free sulfate or thiosulfate) in the urine.
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad53.htm (16435 words)

	hydrogen sulfide (H2S): What you need to know
		Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is a colorless gas that smells like rotten eggs (from the sulphur).
		Usually, the poisoning caused by hydrogen sulfide is though inhalation and has a toxicity similar to cyanide.
		At high levels, hydrogen sulfide gas may paralyze the lungs, meaning that the victim may then be unable to escape from the toxic gas without assistance.
	www.h2ssafety.com /hydrogen_sulfide.htm (474 words)

	Catalyst: Dr. Bogle and Mrs Chandler - did Hydrogen Sulphide really kill them? - ABC TV Science
		The case of Dr Bogle and Mrs Chandler is being assessed by the NSW State Corner, due to sensational new evidence uncovered by documentary film maker Peter Butt.
		Hydrogen sulfide expert Professor Michael Moore and I are going to the site of Bogle and Chandler’s death to take a look.
		He’s only ever seen one case of hydrogen sulphide poisoning and he and Peter disagree on the odds of enough hydrogen sulphide being released to kill someone.
	www.abc.net.au /catalyst/stories/s1795448.htm (1684 words)

	State of the Environment - Air Indicators
		Hydrogen sulphide can be highly toxic, in the short term, to aquatic life, birds, and animals (Australian National Pollutant Industry).
		Hydrogen sulphide emissions are regulated by Alberta Environment and the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board.
		If the potential for hydrogen sulphide emissions is present, industrial approvals, issued by Alberta Environment, will require on-site monitoring and adherence to air quality guidelines.
	www3.gov.ab.ca /env/soe/air_indicators/8_hydrogensulphide.html (402 words)

	OCETA ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY PROFILES CATALOGUE
		Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) itself has an offensive odour of "rotten eggs" at concentrations as low as 50 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and is toxic at concentrations above 1000 parts per million by volume (ppmv).
		Hydrogen sulphide and other sulphur compounds must be removed from anaerobic digester gas streams before they can be used as fuel for stationary engines and cogeneration units.
		The level of hydrogen sulphide in the biogas from these industrial sources is often higher than that from anaerobic digesters in municipal waste treatment plants.
	www.oceta.on.ca /profiles/apollo/scrubber.html (992 words)

	Hydrogen Sulfide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) such as hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan are toxic bacterial metabolites considered to contribute to the progression of periodontitis.
		The portable sulphide monitor is a reliable method for the chairside determination of sulcular sulphide level in periodontal disease and in spite of its limitations a valuable supplementation of traditional clinical examination methods.
		A small amount of hydrogen sulfide is produced by bacteria in your mouth and gastrointestinal tract and by enzymes in your brain and muscle.
	www.altcorp.com /AffinityLaboratory/h2stoxicity.htm (4782 words)

	HYDROGEN SULPHIDE, FLUORIDES AND OTHER WATER PROBLEMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As obnoxious as the taste and odour of hydrogen sulphide is, these are the only two problems it presents.
		Hydrogen sulphide is more common to well waters than to surface water supplies.
		Low to moderate concentrations of hydrogen sulphide can be eliminated through use of an oxidizing filter of the same type satisfactory for iron removal.
	www.cwqa.com /html/reportc1.html (3910 words)

	Hydrogen sulphide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The hydrogen sulphide resulting from the purification of natural gas is generally processed immediately to form sulphur.
		The occurrence of hydrogen sulphide in soil is not so much the result of the application of sulphurous fertilisers, but rather a consequence of inexpert soil cultivation.
		Hydrogen sulphide must be kept away from waters since any water which comes into contact with it will be spoiled.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /energy/HC270799/HDL/ENV/enven/vol343.htm (448 words)

	Hydrogen Sulfide Kills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hydrogen sulfide is generated in the flow when sewage is allowed to stand for long period and become stagnant or septic.
		Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is normally heavier than air, but when agitated, it can erupt from the confines of the pipe in levels of toxicity which paralyze the lungs.
		As the flows converged, deadly hydrogen sulfide gas was forced from the manhole into the atmosphere, enveloping Horatio in a "mushroom cloud" of lethal gas.
	www.swopnet.com /engr/Gayman/Gayman_H2S.html (1521 words)

	Hydrogen Sulphide 2
		This undoubtedly led to increases in hydrogen sulphide in the bottom waters, although measurements of hydrogen sulphide are much less abundant than measurements of oxygen levels.
		On the north-western shelf hydrogen sulphide concentrations may decline as measures are implemented to reduce the nutrient loading.
		In the deep Black Sea the hydrogen sulphide layer appears relatively stable, but large changes in fresh water inflow or physical mixing processes may produce changes in the hydrogen sulphide boundary, which may have a negative impact on the ecosystem as a whole (Aubrey et al., 1996 b).
	www.grid.unep.ch /bsein/publish/h2s_2.htm (371 words)

	美国专利申请公开说明书 20020025284 - Treatment of gas streams containing hydrogen sulphide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Part of a hydrogen sulfide containing feed gas is burnt in a furnace 6 in the presence of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.
		Sulfur dioxide is formed and reacts with remaining hydrogen sulfide to form sulfur vapor which is extracted by means of a condenser 16.
		The sulfur vapor depleted gas stream is subjected to a step of catalytic reaction between hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide is stage 24 of the reactor 22 upstream of the stage 26.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20020025284cn.html (163 words)

	Scrubbing of hydrogen sulphide using pH control to control thiosulfate formation - Patent 4434146
		The hydrogen sulphide is absorbed from the scrubbing solution in a scrubbing column and oxidized principally to sulphur, as well as a minor amount of sulfate (SO.sub.4.sup.--) and thiosulfate (S.sub.2 O.sub.3.sup.--).
		The absorbed hydrogen sulphide dissociates in the solution with the formation of HS.sup.- ions which reduce the vanadium to the four-valent oxidation state, elementary sulphur being liberated.
		Oxidative hydrogen sulphide scrubbing steps are conducted at pH values from 8.3 to 8.5 and from 9.0 to 9.5 in a recycling apparatus which corresponds in its basic construction to an industrial plant.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4434146.html (1393 words)

	Hydrogen Sulphide Production
		The sulphide concentration is the limiting factor in the release of hydrogen sulphide to the sewer walls so that corrosion may occur.
		The released hydrogen sulphide may cause corrosion to the wall of the concrete pipe.
		The hydrogen sulphide is oxidized in the aerobic layer on the wall of the pipe to form sulphuric acid which may corrode the pipe as it trickles down the wall of the pipe.
	www.ocpa.com /manual/pi_11.htm (769 words)

	Measurement of dissolved H2S, (hydrogen sulphide), in difficult applications such as tanneries, circuit board waste and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hydrogen sulphide is often present in the waste water from tanning processes.
		Hydrogen Sulphide gas is used to treat exhaust etching solutions from PCB industries, containing high level of Copper under Ammoniacal complex form.
		When sulphides occur they can cause damage to concrete structures, they can lead to septic condition and create “fl primary tanks” and are also the primary cause of odour problems.
	www.edie.net /products/view_entry.asp?ID=1063 (645 words)

	Clearwater Technology Ltd - Case Study: Odour Destruction on Landfill Sites by Clearwater Clox
		The % reduction of hydrogen sulphide observed inside in comparison to outside of the trial boundary is shown in diagram (b)
		Inorganic sulphides, such as hydrogen sulphide, are oxidised by chlorine dioxide to form inorganic sulphates.
		Organic sulphides are oxidised by chlorine dioxide to form sulfonyl compounds and oxygen based by-products, thus destroying a multitude of odours.
	www.clearwater.eu.com /case_studies/odour_destruction_on_landfill_sites_by_clearwater_clox.html (1537 words)

	Clearwater Technology Ltd - Case Study: Hydrogen Sulphide and Mercaptan Destruction Within Petrochemical Applications
		Hydrogen Sulphide and Mercaptans present two key issues – (1) Odour and (2) Site Personnel Safety.
		Hydrogen Sulphide in a range of 4.0ppm w/v to 13.5ppm w/v and
		The result showed total Hydrogen Sulphide and Mercaptan destruction together with a clarification of the effluent stream.
	www.clearwater.eu.com /case_studies/hydrogen_sulphide_and_mercaptan_destruction_within_petrochemical_applications.html (161 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : Chemistry : A Sulphur Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is done in a fume cupboard since one of the products, hydrogen sulphide gas, has a pungent odour similar to bad eggs.
		The hydrogen sulphide gas is collected in a gas jar.
		Oxygen gas is mixed with the hydrogen sulphide gas.
	www.saburchill.com /chemistry/chapters/chap035.html (155 words)

	Chemical Safety Data: Hydrogen Sulphide
		This chemical is very toxic - a single breath of gas containing 0.1% of hydrogen sulphide may cause coma.
		In addition, your sense of smell (which may initially detect hydrogen sulphide at levels well below 1 part per million) will rapidly be dulled by exposure to the gas.
		Small amounts of hydrogen sulphide can be vented through a fume cupboard, unless local rules prohibit this.
	physchem.ox.ac.uk /~hmc/hsci/chemicals/hydrogen_sulphide.html (255 words)

	Hydrogen sulphide monitors are simple yet reliable: News from General Monitors
		General Monitors is launching two new hydrogen sulphide gas monitors, the next-generation 2180A single-channel and 2280A four-channel models, which are highly reliable, simple, and cost-effective.
		Hydrogen sulphide gas is highly toxic and deadly in concentrations of 500-700ppm within 30 to 60 minutes.
		The new 2180A/2280A hydrogen sulphide gas monitors are designed specifically for continuous gas monitoring in the ppm (parts per million) range.
	www.industrialsafetytalk.com /news/gen/gen102.html (470 words)

	APPLICATION OF CONTOUR MAPPING OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE LEVELS TO ODOUR CONTROL AT SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A major objective of the work is to investigate the suitability of using low level hydrogen sulphide readings to produce a map of odour around a sewage works.
		It is hoped that by studying the relationship between hydrogen sulphide levels on the site and hydrogen sulphide levels in the downwind plume it will be possible to identify the major source of odour on the site.
		It was also necessary to develop techniques for analysis of the data to produce contour maps of hydrogen sulphide levels.
	www.fwr.org /sewage/fr0060.htm (372 words)

	Hydrogen sulfide -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chemically, hydrogen sulfide is similar to (Binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent) water (H
		Breathing high levels of hydrogen sulfide may paralyze the (A collective term for numerous olfactory filaments in the nasal mucosa) olfactory nerve (making it impossible to smell the gas) and can cause death within just a few breaths.
		Such a (The act of retiring into inactivity) hibernation is normally observed in (Any of various tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species) toads.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hy/hydrogen_sulfide.htm (758 words)

	Hydrogen Sulphide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hydrogen sulphide is exceedingly poisonous; according to Dr. J.
		Haldane it is five times as deadly as carbon monoxide, but it is seldom found in quantities dangerous to life, whilst its characteristic pungent odour gives warning of smaller quantities than would prove to be poisonous.
		Hydrogen sulphide is somewhat heavier than air, its specific gravity being 1.18.
	www.therhondda.co.uk /gases/hydrogen_sulphide.html (145 words)

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