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Topic: Hydrolytic enzyme

	Debridement of devitalized tissue with hydrolytic enzyme product - Patent 4226854
		The proteolytic enzymes were found to be too slow, to have toxic side effects or to attack viable as well as devitalized tissue.
		The enzyme bromelain which is, in fact, a complex mixture containing materials including a number of hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes has been used in the treatment of burns.
		The hydrolytic composition is effective in quantities as low as 0.1 mg/mm.sup.2, but is preferably used in quantities up to 10 mg/mm.sup.2, or even higher to insure contact of the enzyme with the non-viable tissue substrate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4226854.html (3354 words)

	Enzyme - MSN Encarta
		Enzyme, any one of many specialized organic substances, composed of polymers of amino acids, that act as catalysts to regulate the speed of the many chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of living organisms, such as digestion.
		The catalytic activity of an enzyme is determined primarily by the enzyme's amino-acid sequence and by the tertiary structure—that is, the three-dimensional folded structure—of the macromolecule.
		Enzymes were found to be proteins, and Northrop proved that the protein was actually the enzyme and not simply a carrier for another compound.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761575875 (1103 words)

	Enzymes information page. All about enzymes and the role it plays in your diet.
		Enzymes are vital to our health and change the rate at which chemical reactions happen, but without any external energy source added or by being changed themselves.
		Without enzymes in your body, you could have the best nutritional plan around, and supplement your diet with a host of vitamin supplements, but without these humble workers we call enzymes, the vitamins will not be absorbed into your system.
		The reason for this is the fact that enzymes cannot pass through the cell membrane of a living cell, but when the cell dies, the membrane loses this ability and the enzyme can act upon it.
	www.anyvitamins.com /enzymes-info.htm (984 words)

	Microtack microbial enzyme products for wastewater treatment
		Enzymes are often referred to as "hydrolytic organic catalysts".
		Traditionally those enzymes produced by the genus of bacteria known as the Bacillus (which is comprised of rod shaped bacteria) are reasonably stable and are well suited for various types of industry use.
		Since enzymes as well as beneficial bacteria are affected by heat and environmental factors in varying degrees, it is best to take whatever precautions that are practical in the storage and transport these products to ensure maximum activity is retained.
	www.microtack.com /html/wastewater_treatment.htm (764 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5567597 - Hydrolytic enzyme inhibitors/inactivators and methods for using same - October 22, 1996
		The novel hydrolytic enzyme inhibitors/inactivators and substrates of the present invention thus create means for assaying hydrolytic enzyme activity, and distinctly as a preferred embodiment, means for modulating hydrolytic enzyme activity in the control or treatment of various disease states or conditions in which such hydrolytic enzyme activity is implicated.
		Where such enzymes have been identified as being implicated in a disease state, the use of such inhibitors or inactivators would be useful to modulate enzyme activity in the treatment or prevention of the given disease state in which the enzyme is implicated.
		In the case of phospholipase hydrolytic enzymes, one of the two other oxygen atoms would be linked to a phosphodiester having a polar group, for example, choline, ethanolamine, serine, inositol, glycerol, methyl, etc. In the case of other esterases that act on lipids, such as cholesterol esterase, the moiety could contain cholesterol or a derivative.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5567597.html (7964 words)

	* Hydrolytic enzyme - (Biology): Definition
		In biochemistry, a hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond.
		A membrane- enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
		However, one lysosomal storage disease, I-cell disease ("inclusion-cell disease"), is caused by a failure to "tag" (by phosphorylation) all the hydrolytic enzymes that are supposed to be transported from the Golgi apparatus to the lysosomes.
	en.mimi.hu /biology/hydrolytic_enzyme.html (178 words)

	Enzymes
		Enzymes are also usually highly selective in terms of their substrates, be it another protein or other compound such as lipids, sugars, or nucleic acids.
		Enzymes increase the rate of biological reactions without altering reaction equilibria: all chemical reactions can be described on the basis of equilibrium; that is, the degree to which a reaction will proceed forward to yield a product or backwards to the starting point.
		The same holds true for enzymes and there are often key amino acids that participate in catalysis that reside at quite a distance from one another in the linear sequence but are spatially close together in the 3-D version of the enzyme.
	neurobio.drexel.edu /GalloWeb/loudon_enzymes.htm (2945 words)

	Enzymes - Processing Enzyme Selection
		Enzymes form an important part of our daily lives; from assisting in the production of the food we eat, to contributing to the care of our health by providing therapeutic agents or sensitive and specific diagnostic tests.
		Enzymes are sold primarily on activity basis-that is, a quoted cost for a specified activity.
		Enzymes for analytical and medical purposes are often in a state of medium to high purity, and are sold in terms of numbers of enzyme units per lot, whilst those for industrial processing are quoted on a unit weight basis for a standardized product of guaranteed activity per unit weight.
	neprinolenzyme.com /zyme-info.htm (2375 words)

	Enzyme Quiz
		Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living systems by (1.) providing the substrate required for the reaction to occur (2.) affecting the rate at which reactions occur (3.) absorbing water released when polymers are formed (4.) combining with excess hydrogen to form gaseous wastes
		In enzyme controlled reactions, the role of certain vitamins such as niacin is to act as (1.) an enzyme (2.) a substrate (3.) a coenzyme (4.) a polypeptide
		peroxide (4.) enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
	www.ekcsk12.org /science/regbio/enzymequiz.html (1517 words)

	Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science
		The hydrolytic pectic enzymes, polymethylgalacturonidase (PMG) and polygalacturonidase (PG), both of which are classified as polygalacturonide glycanohydrolase E.C. 3.2.1.15, were routinely assayed with either 0.1% (w/v) citrus pectin or 0.1% (w/v) polygalacturonic acid, respectively, in 0.10 M Tris-acetate buffer, pH 5.0 or pH 7.0.
		Since in vitro pectic enzyme was correlated with necrosis induction in an earlier study (18), it was decided that an examination of the time course for the appearance of this enzymic activity in vivo was necessary.
		Mussell (21) concluded that an endopolygalacturonase was responsible for the foliar necrotic symptoms of Verticillium wilt.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /oas/oas_htm_files/v64/p1_7nf.html (3181 words)

	Enzymes Safety
		Enzymes are used to remove tumors because they attack the cancerous tissue and remove it, while faciliating the growth of healthy tissue.
		Perennial allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa characterized by paroxysms of sneezing, nasal congestion, pruritis, and rhinorrhea.
		Although enzymes were administered to supernatants of the Heidelberger precipitation containing soluble immune complexes as well as enzyme inhibitors, enzymatic activity was not impaired and immune complexes were disintegrated.
	www.enzymestuff.com /discussionsafety.htm (10035 words)

	Purification and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulase from Sinorhizobium fredii
		We are concerned with the possibility that the wall-degradation enzymes involved in the process are either associated with the bacteria or are locally induced in the plant by bacterial components.
		Purified enzyme solution (30 µg in 100 µl) was mixed with 100 µl of the appropriate buffer and incubated at 4°C for 24 h, after the BCA assay method had examined residual activities.
		The thermal stability of the enzyme indicated that the activity was stable at 30 to 45°C, kinetic was low at 20 to 25°C. Acknowledgements.
	ejournal.sinica.edu.tw /bbas/content/2004/2/Bot452-02.html (3902 words)

	Enzymes
		Enzymes are also usually highly selective in terms of their substrates, be it another protein or other compound such as lipids, sugars, or nucleic acids.
		Enzymes increase the rate of biological reactions without altering reaction equilibria: all chemical reactions can be described on the basis of equilibrium; that is, the degree to which a reaction will proceed forward to yield a product or backwards to the starting point.
		The same holds true for enzymes and there are often key amino acids that participate in catalysis that reside at quite a distance from one another in the linear sequence but are spatially close together in the 3-D version of the enzyme.
	neurobio.mcphu.edu /GalloWeb/loudon_enzymes.htm (2945 words)

	Enzyme Classification
		It is recommended that for enzymes that are not the main subject of a paper or abstract, the common names should be used, but they should be identified at their first mention by their code numbers and source.
		In the light of the fact that enzyme names and code numbers refer to reactions catalysed rather than to discrete proteins, it is of special importance to give also the source of the enzyme for full identification; in cases where multiple forms are known to exist, knowledge of this should be included where available.
		Similarly, when any enzyme acts on more than one substrate (or pair of substrates), the name should normally refer only to one substrate (or pair of substrates), although in certain cases it may be possible to use a term that covers a whole group of substrates, or an alternative substrate may be given in parentheses.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iubmb/enzyme/rules.html (5788 words)

	Digestion II
		In biological systems, only hydrolytic enzymes can breakdown (in a way that is compatible with life) the macromolecules such as carbohydrates (starch, glycogen), proteins, and lipids, into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the cells, and integrated into various biochemical reactions.
		Enzymes contribute also to the delivery of vitamins and minerals by the hydrolysis of the macro structures of the food to free the vitamins and minerals.
		Digestive enzymes are key part of the digestive process: their adequate secretion and optimal activity on the various food substrates will provide the body with overall metabolic support to maintain itself and resist diseases.
	www.enzymeessentials.com /HTML/digestion_ii.html (2383 words)

	BC Online: 7B - Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis
		One such enzyme is acetylcholine esterase which cleaves the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synapse of the neuromuscular junction.
		To prevent this, a hydrolytic enzyme, acetylcholine esterase, a serine esterase found in the synapse, cleaves the transmitter, at rates close to diffusion controlled.
		From a biochemical viewpoint, enzyme catalysis was thought to result from binding of substrate followed by activation of the substrate by the enzyme.
	employees.csbsju.edu /hjakubowski/classes/ch331/catalysis/olcatenzmech.html (4847 words)

	Water Science and Technology 37:4-5 (1998) 335-343 - Rajeev Goel et al. - Comparison of hydrolytic enzyme systems in ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The hydrolytic enzymes were found to be released into the bulk in pure cultures whereas the enzyme activity was found to be mainly associated with the cell surfaces in activated sludge.
		However, the effect of anaerobic and aerobic incubation on hydrolytic enzyme activity in activated sludge was found to be small.
		Finally, the similar hydrolytic enzyme activities observed under anaerobic and aerobic phases of a sequencing batch reactor are explained by considering the aspects of enzyme location and enzyme system development under aerobic and anaerobic phases.
	www.iwaponline.com /wst/03704/wst037040335.htm (342 words)

	Enzymes in Laundry Detergents
		Oligosaccharides and dextrins released from the enzyme's hydrolytic action are soluble; thus, the stain is physically cut off from the surface of the fabric piece by piece, with the enzyme acting as scissors.
		An enzyme was first used to improve the effectiveness of a laundry detergent in 1913 by a German named Otto RÖohm, the founder of the giant chemical company Rohm and Hass.
		The proteolytic enzyme he used, derived from milled animal pancreases, was quite crude and contained many impurities which, in turn, sometimes stained the very textile it was supposed to clean.
	www.engr.umd.edu /~nsw/ench485/lab2.htm (1102 words)

	WKU Bio 114 Enzyme Lab (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Each enzyme is able to promote only one type (or a small number) of chemical reaction.
		Enzymes can be classified into several broad categories, such as hydrolytic, oxidizing, and reducing, depending on the type of reaction they control.
		In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the compounds on which the enzyme acts are called substrates and the resulting compounds are called products.
	bioweb.wku.edu /courses/Biol114/enzyme/enzyme1.asp (528 words)

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