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Topic: Hydrolyzes

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	Supplemental Enzymes
		Lactase or beta-galactosidase is an enzyme that is derived from the fungus Kluyveromyces lactis (formerly known as Saccharomyces lactis) or from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae.
		Lactase hydrolyzes the lactose beta-D-galactoside linkage, yielding D-galactose and D-glucose.
		Trypsin hydrolyzes proteins to oligopeptides, amylase hydrolyzes starch to oligosaccharides and the disaccharide maltose, and lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/sup_0328.shtml (2900 words)

	Food Product Design: Understanding Enzyme Function in Bakery Foods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Because starch exists as a tightly packed granule, amylases must act upon starch granules that are damaged (as many are during flour milling) or on granules that have been gelatinized by moisture and heat (such as when a dough is mixed and baked).
		Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the next amino acid in a protein.
		If the protease is allowed to hydrolyze a portion of a dough early in the process -- added to the sponge of white pan bread, for example -- it will reduce the mixing time necessary to develop the dough.
	www.foodproductdesign.com /archive/1994/1194DE.html (3090 words)

	Huber - Division of Biochemistry - About - Dept of Bio Sci - University of Calgary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Beta-Galactosidase hydrolyzes disaccharides having _ linkages to D-galactose.
		In particular, the enzyme hydrolyzes lactose, which is the sugar found in milk.
		The enzyme is being studied as a model of enzymes that hydrolyze disaccharides in general.
	www.bio.ucalgary.ca /divisions/biochem/huber.html (616 words)

	products - beer industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A heat stable bacterial alpha amylase enzyme, which hydrolyzes starch to dextrin.
		A fungal alpha amylase enzyme, which hydrolyzes starch to dextrin.
		Hydrolyzes a broad range of substrates at neutral pH.
	www.unikbio.com /english/beer_industry.html (304 words)

	GlycoWord / Glycotechnology-B04
		During the course of the structure analysis of sugar chains of sRNase from stylus of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), the chitobiose structure was detected as a major N-linked sugar chain (1).
		One is peptide N-glycosidase, which hydrolyzes the bond between the reducing end GlcNAc residue and the asparagine residue of proteins, the other is endo- ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase, which hydrolyzes the chitobiose structure.
		On the other hand, ß-mannosidase, which hydrolyzes reducing end ß-linked mannose residue from the non-reducing ends, and ß-mannanase, which hydrolyzes ß-mannan, were reported.
	www.gak.co.jp /FCCA/glycoword/GTB04/GTB04E.html (360 words)

	The Biological Bulletin: Substituted Cyclodextrin as a Model for a Squid Enzyme that Hydrolyzes the Nerve Gas ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Substituted Cyclodextrin as a Model for a Squid Enzyme that Hydrolyzes the Nerve Gas Soman.(Brief Article)
		An enzyme that hydrolyzes, and thus detoxifies soman has been purified from squid nerve and immobilized on agarose resin.
		However, this enzyme, termed organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA), hydrolyzes the relatively non-toxic pair of diastereoisomers, C([not equal to])P(+), more rapidly than the toxic pair C([+ or -])P(-) (1).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:57815580&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (194 words)

	Bile Esculin Test
		Bile esculin agar (we do not use bile esculin azide agar, as sodium azide is extremely hazardous) is a selective and differential medium which is used to presumptively identify enterococci and group D streptococci based on the ability of an organism to hydrolyze esculin.
		When an organism hydrolyzes the glycoside esculin to form esculetin and dextrose, the esculetin reacts with the ferric citrate to produce a dark brown or fl phenolic iron complex.
		Enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes esculin in the presence of bile and turns more than half the medium dark brown.
	www.austin.cc.tx.us /microbugz/html/bile_esculin_test.html (169 words)

	Amylase enzyme
		Amylase is a calcium dependent enzyme which hydrolyzes complex carbohydrates at alpha 1,4-linkages to form maltose and glucose.
		In the gastrointestinal tract, it is a digestive enzyme that is secreted into the Duodenum where it starts to degrade (hydrolyze) the a-1,4 glucosidic linkages of starch to maltose and maltotriose.
		The bacterial-bound amylase can hydrolyze starch to glucose, which is then metabolized to lactic acid by the bacteria, thereby leading to dental plaque formation and progression.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /biochemicals/amylase.html (936 words)

	gassy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		-Amylase hydrolyzes amylose from starch to a disaccharide, maltose.
		SucrAse hydrolyzes sucrOse to a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose.
		LactAse hydrolyzes lactOse to a molecule of glucose (for rapid, short-term energy) and a molecule of galactose (for longer term energy; stored in the liver in glycogenesis).
	tooldoc.wncc.nevada.edu /gassy.htm (2150 words)

	Technical Information
		The exo-peptidase enzymes hydrolyze the protein molecule at the terminus of the peptide chain liberating an amino acid, while the endo-peptidase enzymes hydrolyze the protein molecule at the interior peptide bonds liberating peptides of various lengths.
		This enzyme is characterized by its ability to hydrolyze amylose and other polysaccharides to remove successive maltose units (glucose-glucose dimers) from the non-reducing end.
		Alpha-galactosidase is characterized by its ability to hydrolyze the alpha-1-6 linkages in melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose.
	www.enzymeuniversity.com /techinfo.html (6124 words)

	APUA
		This enzyme has been purified; it hydrolyzes imipenem but to a lesser extend meropenem, weakly extended-spectrum beta-lactams such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime but significantly aztreonam.
		Moxalactam and cefoxitin are not hydrolyzed by this enzyme.
		ESBLA hydrolyze significantly, but to various extent, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime and usually aztreonam at a low level.
	www.tufts.edu /med/apua/Newsletter/12_3a.html (2361 words)

	Patent 6,406,864 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The sample is treated (e.g., contacted with protease) in a manner which hydrolyzes the disease related conformation and not the non-disease related conformation.
		The sample is treated with a compound which hydrolyzes the non-disease related conformation of the protein but neither hydrolyzes or denatures the disease conformation of the protein.
		Another aspect of the invention is to provide an assay which differentiates between (1) disease related proteins or portions thereof which are not hydrolyzed by limited protease treatment with a protease such as proteinase K (protease resistant proteins, e.g.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2002/June2002/061802/6406864_Protein061802.htm (1592 words)

	Identification of OmpT as the protease that hydrolyzes the antimicrobial peptide protamine before it enters growing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Identification of OmpT as the protease that hydrolyzes the antimicrobial peptide protamine before it enters growing cells of Escherichia coli.
		Identification of OmpT as the protease that hydrolyzes the antimicrobial peptide protamine before it enters growing cells of Escherichia coli.This effect was abolished by plasmids carrying ompT.
		The influence of extracytoplasmic proteases on the resistance of Escherichia coli to the antimicrobial peptide protamine was investigated by testing strains with deletions in the protease genes deg P, ptr, and ompT.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/1515570.html (144 words)

	The Human GI Tract
		The enzymes hydrolyze the macromolecules in food into small, soluble molecules that can be
		This enzyme hydrolyzes starch into a mixture of maltose and glucose.
		The enzyme hydrolyzes ingested fats into a mixture of fatty acids and monoglycerides.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/GITract.html (1473 words)

	Upstate - Protein Products - Phospholipase - iPhospholipase A2
		Phospholipases hydrolyze phosphoglycerides to form smaller compounds which often serve as critical second messengers.
		Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidylcholine, a second messenger involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, T-cell activation, and smooth muscle cell contractility.
		PLD hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to release phosphatidic acid, which is associated with a number of cellular responses including regulated secretion, mitogenesis, and cytoskeletal changes.
	www.upstate.com /browse/proteinproducts.asp?ProteinID=1476 (200 words)

	Sphingomyelinase D, a novel probe for cellular sphingomyelin: effects on cholesterol homeostasis in human skin ...
		hydrolyzes SM to ceramide phosphate and free choline (16).
		a SMase that hydrolyzes SM to ceramide phosphate and free choline.
		hydrolyzed to ceramide by the cells, as evidenced from its stoichiometric
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/44/8/1574 (4410 words)

	Worthington Chymotrypsin
		Stability/Storage: The enzyme is stable for days in solution at pH 3.0 and for years as a dry powder at 2-8°C. Protect from moisture.
		Unit Definition: One Unit hydrolyzes one micromole of benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester per minute at 25°C, pH 7.8 in the presence of calcium.
		An activity of 45 units per mg using the above definition, is the equivalent of 10,000 optical density or 1330 N.F. units per mg using ATEE as a substrate.
	www.worthington-biochem.com /CHY/cat.html (194 words)

	LYSONASEiPhospholipase A2j (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		@Phospholipase A2 Phospholipase A2 is the enzyme which hydrolyzes the ester combination of the 2nd place of Glycerol Lipid.
		Moreover, it is enzyme indispensable also to the manufacture of liposomes by which promising is carried out as a material of DDS(Drug Delivery System).
		Furthermore, Phospholipase A2 is distributed widely in the living body, and the phosphatide of the meal origin is digested, and also hydrolyzing thephosphatide of a cell membrane and producing physiology activity substances, such as Prostaglandin, is known.
	www.d2.dion.ne.jp /~sf_hq/english/fields/new1.html (141 words)

	TEM-4, a new plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes broad-spectrum cephalosporins in a clinical isolate of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		TEM-4, a new plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes broad-spectrum cephalosporins in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli.
		The beta-lactamase efficiently hydrolyzed cefotaxime and ceftriaxone but only moderately hydrolyzed ceftazidime and was inhibited by clavulanate and sulbactam (1 microM) and by anti-TEM-1 and anti-TEM-2 sera.
		A clinical isolate of Escherichia coli, strain CB-134, recovered in 1986 from an abdominal abscess, exhibited resistance to penams, oxyimino-beta-lactams including broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime), and aztreonam but remained susceptible to cephamycins (cefoxitin, cefotetan) and to moxalactam and imipenem.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/3038.html (222 words)

	Senescence marker protein-30 is a unique enzyme that hydrolyzes diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate in the liver. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Senescence marker protein-30 is a unique enzyme that hydrolyzes diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate in the liver.
		Despite the sequence similarity between SMP30 and a serum paraoxonase (PON), the inability of SMP30 to hydrolyze PON-specific substrates such as paraoxon, dihydrocoumarin, gamma-nonalactone, and delta-dodecanolactone indicate that SMP30 is distinct from the PON family.
		These results indicate that SMP30 is a unique DFP hydrolyzing enzyme in the liver and has an important detoxification effect on DFP.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_15251439.html (297 words)

	Papain \| digestive enzyme supplement
		• Health benefits: hydrolyzes proteins to form oligopeptides and amino acids, breaks down proteins is used to remove dead tissue from burns, to help skin injuries heal, to remove warts, and to treat ringworm.
		Papain is in the dried latex obtained from the papaya fruit (Carica papaya L).
		Papain hydrolyzes proteins and has a proteolytic capacity (digests proteins).
	www.vitamins-supplements.org /digestive-enzymes/papain.php (632 words)

	Greenwood Health Systems ... Amylase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Their work led them to suspect that similar substances, now known as enzymes, might be involved in biochemical processes.
		Amylase hydrolyzes starch, glycogen, and dextrin to form in all three instances glucose, maltose, and the limit-dextrins.
		Salivary amylase is known as ptyalin; although humans have this enzyme in their saliva, some mammals, such as horses, dogs, and cats, do not.
	greenwoodhealth.net /np/amylase.htm (450 words)

	Worthington Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bacterial: 1 unit hydrolyzes 1 µmole of p-nitrophenol phosphate per minute at 25°C, pH 8.0.
		Calf Intestine: 1 unit hydrolyzes 1 µmole of p-nitrophenol phosphate per minute at 37°C, pH 9.8.
		Chicken Intestine: 1 unit hydrolyzes 1 µmole of o-carboxy-phenol phosphate per minute at 25°C, pH 8.8.
	www.ebiotrade.com /buyf/productsf/Worthington/LS003170.htm (217 words)

	Exonuclease I hydrolyzes DNA with a distribution of rates -- Werner et al., 10.1529/biophysj.104.044255 -- Biophysical ...
		Exonuclease I hydrolyzes DNA with a distribution of rates -- Werner et al., 10.1529/biophysj.104.044255 -- Biophysical Journal
		Articles by Werner, J. Articles by Goodwin, P. Exonuclease I hydrolyzes DNA with a distribution of rates
		I to hydrolyze single-stranded DNA that was synthesized to have
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/short/biophysj.104.044255v1 (185 words)

	Salt Hydrolysis - Title
		The case is completely different if the cation is the conjugate acid of a weak base, or if the cation itself can form a complex ion with water.
		The same type of reasoning applies here, if the anion is the conjugate base of a strong acid, no hydrolysis will be observed, but if the anion is the conjugate base of a weak acid, hydrolysis will take place.
		In the case of NH Cl, now the Cl anion is not hydrolyzing, but NH is hydrolyzing according to the previously shown equation.
	www.chemistry.nmsu.edu /studntres/chem112.spring.1997/Hydrolysis.html (927 words)

	carbohydrate digestion - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		hydrolyze alpha-1,4 bonds to convert polysaccharides with alpha-1,4 bonds e.g.
		maltase: hydrolyzes maltose to 2 glucose residues or maltose triose to 3 glucose residues
		alpha-limit dextrinase: hydrolyzes dextrins into short chains of glucose residues
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-1241120711.htm (181 words)

	Curdling of Milk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These insoluble milk proteins form curds, which is the step in cheese making.
		Vinegar also hydrolyzes milk proteins, but does so nonspecifically, forming curds that are much smaller than those formed from rennin.
		The effect of temperature on the protease activity can also be investigated.
	genchem.chem.wisc.edu /demonstrations/Gen_Chem_Pages/23biochempage/curdling_of_milk.htm (72 words)

	ADAMTS-4 [Aggrecanase 1] , recombinant, His Tagged : CC1028
		As aggrecan is also digested by 2 other members of the ADAMTS family, ADAMTS1 (Kuno, 2000) and ADAMTS5 (Abbaszade, 1999), aggrecan degradation products found in normal and rheumatoid and osteoarthritic joint cartilage (Lark, 1997) may arise from action of either of the 3 proteinases.
		Using polyclonal neoepitope antibodies to the ARGS-terminus the fragment is fixed to a microplate and quantified with anti-His-tag antibody.
		When related to mg enzyme the value is 3.7 nmoles hydrolyzed substrate/min per mg ADAMTS4.
	www.chemicon.com /Product/ProductDatasheet.asp?ProductItem=CC1028 (614 words)

	Fatty Acid Oxidation
		The triacylglycerol components of VLDLs and chylomicrons are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol in the capillaries of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle by the action of lipoprotein lipase.
		This enzyme hydrolyzes fatty acids from carbon atoms 1 or 3 of triacylglycerols.
		Hormone-sensitive lipase hydrolyzes fatty acids from triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/fatty-acid-oxidation.html (2684 words)

	Glossary: M to Z
		PANCREATIC LIPASE: an enzyme in pancreatic juice that hydrolyzes the ester linkages between fatty acids and glycerol.
		PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: the part of the autonomic nervous system that, in general, inhibits or opposes the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system, as in tending to stimulate digestive secretions, slowing the heart, and dilating blood vessels.
		SUCRASE: the intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose.
	www.suprahealth.com /m2z-glos.htm (4746 words)

	METHYL CHLOROFORMATE
		Since it rapidly hydrolyzes biodegradation, adsorption, and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of methyl chloroformate in soil were located.
		Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, biodegradation, adsorption, and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of methyl chloroformate in soil were located(SRC).
		Since methyl chloroformate hydrolyzes in water relatively rapidly(1), it is not possible to estimate the half-life for volatilization from aqueous media(SRC).
	www.frankmckinnon.com /methyl_chloroformate.htm (4327 words)

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