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Topic: Hydrometer

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Northcliff, Texas

Justinian I

Selsdon Group

	Hydrometer Guide
		A hydrometer is a device the measures the
		Hydrometers are calibrated based upon the specific gravity of water at 60°F being 1.000.
		To use a hydrometer, fill the test jar with the liquid to be measured.
	leebrewery.com /hydromet.htm (294 words)

	Hydrometer - LoveToKnow 1911
		Charles's balance areometer is similar to Nicholson's hydrometer, except that the lower basin admits of inversion, thus enabling the instrument to be employed for solids lighter than water, the inverted basin serving the same purpose as the pointed screw in Atkins's modification of the instrument.
		Sikes's hydrometer was established for the purpose of collecting the revenue of the United Kingdom by Act of Parliament, 56 Geo.
		The marine hydrometers, as supplied by the British government to the royal navy and the merchant marine, are glass instruments with slender stems, and generally serve to indicate specific gravities from 1.000 to 1.040.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Hydrometer (5486 words)

	THE HYDROMETER & ITS USES (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydrometers have many uses, but the most common use by wine, beer, and mead makers is determining the alcohol content of a homemade beverage.
		When the hydrometer has settled, take the S.G. (and/or potential alcohol) reading with your eye at the surface level of the liquid.
		The hydrometer can be used to determine the natural sugar content of the "must." In most instances additional sugar should be added to this "must" to assure that the alcohol content of the finished wine is sufficient for the wine to keep.
	home.iitk.ac.in /~ashishg/hydrometer.htm (764 words)

	CHECKING YOUR HYDROMETER
		But I couldn't understand how the #1 hydrometer could be off like that, since I had checked it in plain water and it looked OK. So I decided to check both of them in plain water again.
		If your hydrometer is close at the low end, but off by say 6 points at the high end, then it will probably be off only about 3 points at 1.050, so you will probably be OK if you aren't brewing barley wines or mixing wine musts at 25 Brix.
		You may need more solution than this, it depends on how large your hydrometer flask is and what you will use to measure the equal volumes of saturated solution and water later in the procedure.
	www.knology.net /~sprevost/beerwine/cal.htm (2002 words)

	Ever Ready Thermometer Company How to Read a Hydrometer
		More accurate readings result when the temperature of the sample equals the temperature at which the hydrometer is graduated and approaches that of the surrounding atmosphere.
		The liquid for which a hydrometer is intended must be specified since readings will vary in liquids having the same density but different surface tensions.
		Hydrometers of equivalent dimensions may be compared with each other even if the liquid used differs in surface tension from the specified liquid, but comparisons of dissimilar instruments, in such a liquid, must be corrected for the effect of surface tension.
	www.ertco.com /how_to_read_a_hydrometer.html (351 words)

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		Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a liquid to the mass of an equal volume of pure water.
		Hydrometers come with different scales depending on the characteristics of the liquid the user is measuring.
		The hydrometers used for the Bayouside Classroom program range from 0.940 to 1.010 and are calibrated at 60ºF/60ºF. The measurement made with the hydrometer can be used to calculate the salinity of a water sample.
	www.lumcon.edu /education/studentdatabase/hydrometer.asp (342 words)

	Hydrometer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The hydrometer is a simple device that is floated in the must or the wine within a test jar.
		The depth of which the hydrometer sinks gives the measure of the sugar level in the liquid.
		The hydrometer measures the specific gravity (density or weight) before fermentation starts and the reading is noted.
	www.homewinemaking.co.uk /hydrometer.html (164 words)

	How to Brew - By John Palmer - Appendix A - Using Hydrometers
		A hydrometer measures the difference in gravity (density) between pure water and water with sugar dissolved in it by flotation.
		The hydrometer is used to gauge the fermentation progress by measuring one aspect of it, attenuation.
		A hydrometer is a useful tool in the hands of a brewer who knows what wort gravity is and why he wants to measure it.
	www.howtobrew.com /appendices/appendixA.html (532 words)

	Hydrometer and its uses.
		Your hydrometer has been specifically designed for the amateur wine and beer maker.
		A hydrometer is an instrument for measuring the density of a liquid in relation to water.
		Please note that most hydrometers are calibrated at 60°F and sample temperatures higher or lower than this will need to corrected.
	www.defalcos.com /hydrometer.htm (1021 words)

	NIST H143: Technical Criteria for Hydrometer Laboratories
		Specific gravity is expressed as the ratio of the density of a liquid to the density of water at a specified temperature.
		Hydrometers should be calibrated in the liquids in which they are to be used.
		Since hydrometers are made of glass and can be easily broken, they should be handled only by an experienced operator.
	ts.nist.gov /WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/techcrithydro.cfm (852 words)

	Making and Using a Hydrometer
		A Hydrometer is a device used to compare the densities of liquids.
		When measuring the depth to which the Hydrometer sinks you need to be aware of the Meniscus formed between the straw and the water surface.
		Hydrometers are used in all sorts of industries dealing with liquids.
	www.southwest.com.au /~jfuller/liquids/hydrometers.htm (899 words)

	Ever Ready Thermometer Company Hydrometer Scales
		The hydrometers are graduated in percent weight at 14° Réaumur (17.5°C).
		The propylene glycol instrument is a dual scale hydrometer graduated in specific gravity and percent propylene glycol by weight at 60°F. A chart is supplied indicating freezing points, boiling points and per cent by weight volume equivalents.
		Specific gravity hydrometers measure the ratio of the density of a sample compared to the density of pure water at the same temperature.
	www.ertco.com /hydrometer_scales.html (337 words)

	The Hydrometer Test for Specific Gravity
		The hydrometer, invented in the early eighteenth century, is a simple floating device calibrated to measures the specific gravity or density of a liquid.
		Once the testing jar is filled with juice and the hydrometer inserted, it will sink to a level determined by the density of the sample, which is related to the amount of soluble solids (mostly sugar) contained in the juice.
		The hydrometer can be used to determine the actual sugar content and the potential alcohol content in all types of fruit juices including apple juice.
	www.apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com /hydrometer.html (556 words)

	Hydrometer Adjust (Tools)
		When you take a hydrometer reading at a temperature different than the calibration temperature small errors are introduced.
		Calibration Temperature - The calibration temperature of the hydrometer.
		This is the temperature at which the hydrometer requires zero adjustment.
	www.beersmith.com /Help/hydrometer_tools.htm (152 words)

	Getting To Know Your Hydrometer
		From time to time we receive calls regarding the use of the hydrometer: about how a reading is actually taken; what the readings actually mean and so on.
		Once the hydrometer is floating, you take the actual reading by seeing where the surface of the liquid crosses the scale on the hydrometer.
		With the hydrometer you can control the alcohol content of your wines, monitor the fermentation's progress, as well as determine when the wine is actually done fermenting.
	www.eckraus.com /wine-making-hydrometer.html (842 words)

	STILLCOOKER - Hydrometer
		A hydrometer is an inexpensive piece of test equipment used by brewers, winemakers and distillers.
		Gently lower the hydrometer into the test jar; spin the hydrometer as you release it, so no bubbles stick to the bottom of the hydrometer (this can also affect readings).
		Making sure the hydrometer isn't touching the sides of the test jar and is floating freely, take a reading across the bottom of the meniscus (see diagram to the right).
	www.stillcooker.com /materialsneeded_hydometer.htm (932 words)

	hydrometer. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the glass tube is a scale so calibrated that the reading on it level with the surface of the liquid in which the hydrometer is floating indicates the number of times heavier or lighter the liquid is than water, i.e., the specific gravity of the liquid.
		The so-called bulb hydrometer consists of a small commercial hydrometer contained in a larger glass tube into which the solution to be tested is drawn by the action of a rubber bulb.
		The two Baumé hydrometers (invented by Antoine Baumé), one for specific-gravity determinations in liquids denser than water and the other for liquids less dense than water, are calibrated with the special Baumé scale (also constructed by him).
	www.bartleby.com /65/hy/hydromet.html (329 words)

	Stevenson Reeves - How to use a hydrometer
		Carefully insert the hydrometer into the liquid, holding it at the top of the stem, and release it when it is approximately at its position of equilibrium.
		If during these oscillations the meniscus is crinkled or dragged out of shape by the motion of the hydrometer, this indicates that either the hydrometer or the surface of the liquid is not clean.
		The hydrometer should never be held by the stem, except when it is being held vertically.
	www.stevenson-reeves.co.uk /howto.htm (497 words)

	Hydrometer Roemer
		The hydrometer (also called an aerometer) is an instrument which today is mostly used by home-brewers but which previously was an apparatus often used to determine the density of fluids.
		But he has the idea for the apparatus from a hydrometer which he had presented earlier; both the description of the apparatus and the present depiction show that it is the type which sinks more or less in the fluid depending on its density.
		Rømer was already occupied with hydrometers during his stay in Paris, which is shown in a letter from John Locke to Nicolas Toinard (sent in 1679), in which it says: Therefore, the Rømer hydrometer, which they have had made for me, has all the properties, which can make a thing highly treasured.
	www.rundetaarn.dk /engelsk/observatorium/hydrometer.html (1855 words)

	Hydrometer Data
		The Hydrometer Data tab shown on the next page is used to enter the hydrometer readings and calculate the hydroscopic moisture content.
		After the hydrometer data has been entered the cumulative percent passing on the Washed Sieve tab will be filled in by the program.
		Before entering the data for the hydrometer, the information for the Hydroscopic Mositure Percentage should be entered.
	www.gaea.ca /OnlineHelp/winsieve/250.htm (569 words)

	The Home Winemaking Page - Sugar and Alcohol
		The hydrometer is a device which can be used to measure the specific gravity of a fluid or solution.
		After taking a hydrometer reading of the must to be fermented, the amount of sugar that should be added to reach a certain alcohol level in the wine can be calculated on two ways.
		The amount to be added can be calculated using the hydrometer tables or the formulas from the Calculating sugar and alcohol before fermentation paragraph.
	www.geocities.com /mipeman/sugar.html (1454 words)

	Hydrometer calibration .....
		The hydrometer is examined under a polariscope to be certain it is free from strains in the glass (usually from the manufacturing process), as severe strains may affect the integrity of the instrument in the long term.
		At least three readings of the clients instrument (and at least six readings of the NIST reference standard) are taken at each test point.
		A durable calibration tag is affixed to the hydrometer’s box, or case, indicating the date of most recent calibration and the ‘next due’ date.
	icllabs.com /hydrocalibration.html (324 words)

	marineandreef.com/ Aquarium Hydrometer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydrometer : floating needle type with readable scale from 1.010 to 1.030 in 0.001 graduations.
		All swing-arm plastic hydrometers for aquarium use are only accurate when used within the normal range of operating temperatures for marine aquariums (approx 25 deg C / 77 deg F).
		Because of the unique design of the Deep Six Hydrometer, the hobbyist can take a water sample at six inches in depth without submerging their hands in the water, thus avoiding the possibility of contamination.
	www.marineandreef.com /shoppro/hydrometers.html (346 words)

	How to use a hydrometer
		As a reader of HBD for a couple of years, it seems like a common possibility for unusual SG's is the hydrometer scale may be slighty misplaced.
		This method helps me to adjust the reading of my hydrometer within what I consider to be its usable range (I also use the hydrometer to test for the end of sparging).
		Read the value on the hydrometer, record it, then check the temperature again (to ensure it is still at 60°F).
	hbd.org /pbabcock/oldsite/hydrometer.html (604 words)

	Baumé Hydrometer, bé-hydrometer from Franz Widder GmbH, Germany
		The hydrometer according to Baume measure the percentage of acid, lye, sugar etc.
		The hydrometer should also be wiped dry with a linen cloth.
		The hydrometer is now dipped slowly into the liquid until it floats freely.
	www.widdernet.de /baume.html (263 words)

	Hydrometer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A hydrometer measures how dense the water is. The more salt that is in the water, the more dense it is. The hydrometer we use might not be like the ones you have seen.
		The one we use is a kind that is designed to test the salinity in an aquarium.
		After you gently dip the hydrometer in to the water, tap the pointer with a pencil.
	library.thinkquest.org /J0110020/hydrometer.htm (208 words)

	Fluid Metrology Group: Services and Fees - Hydrometer
		The hydrometer scale should be divided into 0.001, 0.0005, 0.0002, or 0.0001 units of specific gravity.
		The alcohol hydrometer scale should be divided in whole, half, fifth or tenth percents.
		Reference hydrometers should be made of smooth, transparent glass, free of bubbles or other imperfections.
	www.cstl.nist.gov /div836/Group_02/hydrometers.html (408 words)

	Thermometers, Refractometers and Hydrometers - Marine Depot - Marine and Reef Aquarium Super Store
		Salinity can be conveniently measured in the reef tank using a device called a hydrometer or refractometer.
		Hydrometers are easy to use and read devices that measure specific gravity.
		It is recommended that you first calibrate a hydrometer with a refractometer or salinity monitor before usage.
	www.marinedepot.com /aquarium_thermometers_refractometers_hydrometers__index.asp?CartId= (413 words)

	Make an inexpensive Hydrometer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An instrument for determining specific gravity of liquids that is made up of a graduated stem with a hollow bulb and a weight at the bottom.
		The specific gravity is indicated by the depth to which the stem is immersed, or how high or low the hydrometer floats.
		To overcome this effect in the ships trading between England and colonial Australia added much the the architecture of Australia because beautiful ornate cast iron decorations were used to stabilize the vessel on her journey down-under.
	www.grandpapencil.com /science/hydrom.htm (395 words)

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