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Topic: Hydronephrosis

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	Digital Urology Journal: Neonatal Hydronephrosis
		Hydronephrosis has never been linked to anything the parents have done during pregnancy and is usually not passed from parent to child or found in more than one sibling in a family.
		The severity of hydronephrosis depends on the extent of the blockage and the amount of stretching of the kidney.
		To determine the amount of hydronephrosis present, nuclear medicine and radiologic tests to measure kidney function and structure may be recommended by the physician.
	www.duj.com /hydronephrosis.html (797 words)

	Bilateral Hydronephrosis - Health Encyclopedia
		Bilateral hydronephrosis is the distention of the pelvis and calyces of both kidneys.
		Bilateral hydronephrosis develops when the pelvis and calyces (the urine-collecting structures of the kidneys) of both kidneys become distended because urine is unable to drain from the kidney down the ureters into the bladder.
		Hydronephrosis is not itself a?disease, but rather a physical result of whatever?disease is?keeping urine from draining out of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
	www.nbc4.tv /encyclopedia/6865432/detail.html (732 words)

	Bilateral hydronephrosis (Disease)... Fort Lauderdale, Florida
		Bilateral hydronephrosis develops when the pelvis and calyces (urine collecting structures of the kidneys) of both kidneys become distended because urine is unable to drain from the kidney down the ureters into the bladder.
		Hydronephrosis is therefore not a separate disease entity; but rather a physical manifestation of the disease process that causes impairment of urine to drain out of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.
		Fetal evidence of hydronephrosis is generally observed during routine fetal ultrasound studies done during routine pregnancies and as such there are no symptoms in the fetus.
	www.browardhealth.org /15886.cfm (576 words)

	Emirates Hospital :: Services :: Hydronephrosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The most common site of blockage which causes hydronephrosis is the connection between the pelvis, the funnel system of the kidney, and the ureter (the tube which drains down to the bladder).
		Many times, hydronephrosis is found in a developing baby when a woman has an ultrasound during her pregnancy.
		In other children with hydronephrosis, it may be difficult to tell whether the hydronephrosis is a result of blockage or simple enlargement.
	www.emirateshospital.ae /English/Urology/hydronephrosis.htm (1054 words)

	Unilateral Hydronephrosis - Health Centers
		Unilateral hydronephrosis is swelling of one kidney due to a backup of urine.
		Hydronephrosis is a condition that occurs with a disease and is not a disease itself.
		kidney insufficiency or kidney failure is rare with unilateral hydronephrosis because the other kidney usually functions normally.
	www.ktvu.com /encyclopedia/6860240/detail.html (441 words)

	BBC - Health - Conditions - Hydronephrosis
		Hydronephrosis occurs when one or both kidneys swell up because something is blocking the urine flow.
		This is called hydronephrosis and may happen because something within the urinary tract is causing the blockage, or because something is pressing on it from outside.
		The aim of treating hydronephrosis is to relieve the pressure on the kidney and to try and prevent permanent kidney damage.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/hydronephrosis1.shtml (673 words)

	eMedicine - Antenatal Hydronephrosis : Article by Dennis B Liu, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Degree and laterality of hydronephrosis are dependent on the stage of pregnancy and the underlying etiology.
		Hydronephrosis tends to be an orderly process with visible connections between the dilated calyces and pelvis.
		The main considerations in evaluating a fetus with antenatal hydronephrosis are gestational age, laterality of the lesion, the presence of unfavorable prognostic factors, volume of amniotic fluid, and overall fetal well-being.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2747.htm (5624 words)

	Kidney Ultrasound: Hydronephrosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Hydronephrosis can also result from reflux (retrograde leakage of urine from the bladder up the ureters to the renal pelvis.
		The normal hyperechoic area in the center of the kidney (the hilum) is replaced by a large hydronephrotic renal pelvis.
		This kidney has hydronephrosis due to obstruction of the upper ureter (additional studies revealed the location of the obstruction).
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/urology/ushydro.htm (179 words)

	Antenatal Hydronephrosis
		Antenatal (before birth) hydronephrosis (fluid filled enlargement of the kidney) is detected in the fetus by ultrasound studies performed as early as the first trimester of pregnancy.
		In nearly all instances of antenatal hydronephrosis, ultrasound surveillance is all that is necessary.
		If hydronephrosis persists we must rule out reflux with a voiding cystourethrogram (this requires a catheter in the bladder and we usually use antibiotic prophylaxis) and obstruction with a diuretic renal scan (requiring an IV and a catheter).
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/urology/hydronephrosis.htm (554 words)

	Hydronephrosis - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston
		Hydronephrosis is dilation or stretching of the area of kidneys where urine collects that can occur when there is an obstruction of urine flow somewhere along the urinary tract, most often in the upper section.
		Another cause of hydronephrosis is vesicoureteral reflux, when urine that dwells in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys.
		In mild hydronephrosis, the pelvic (the part of the kidney that collects the urine) dilation is barely noticeable, whereas in severe hydronephrosis the swelling occupies much of the abdomen.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1117/mainpageS1117P0.html (1543 words)

	HerbChina2000.com - Herbal Remedies - Hydronephrosis
		Hydronephrosis is dilation or stretching of the kidneys that can occur when there is an obstruction of urine flow somewhere along the urinary tract, most often in the upper section.
		It is the most common urinary tract anomaly (abnormality) and it is seen in wide levels of severity, ranging from a mild form, where pelvic (the part of the kidney that collects the urine) dilation is barely noticeable to so severe that the swelling occupies much of the abdomen.
		A condition that may appear similar to an obstruction by causing hydronephrosis in some children is vesico-ureteral reflux (a backwash of urine from the bladder).
	www.herbchina2000.com /therapies/KHD.shtml (922 words)

	Fetal hydronephrosis - Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago, IL)
		Fetal hydronephrosis is the swelling of the kidney when too much urine collects in the pelvis (or basin) of the kidney.
		This occurs because there is a blockage of the normally free flow of urine, most commonly in the ureter (the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder), and the urine is not allowed to drain into the bladder.
		Once the baby is born, the pediatrician may be able to feel a swelling in the region of the kidney (under the angle of the ribs in the back or deep in the mid-abdomen), but many times the newborn examination is normal.
	www.childrensmemorial.org /depts/fetalhealth/Fetal_Hydronephrosis.asp (499 words)

	Hydronephrosis - Family factsheets - GOSH and ICH
		Hydronephrosis should not cause your baby to have any problems before birth, but he or she will need close monitoring after birth to keep an eye on the condition.
		Hydronephrosis is diagnosed using an ultrasound scan either before birth or shortly after birth.
		If the hydronephrosis is diagnosed during pregnancy, early treatment will consist of monitoring with ultrasound, to check that the baby is growing normally and the kidneys are not getting too large.
	www.ich.ucl.ac.uk /factsheets/families/F000278/index.html (830 words)

	MedFriendly.com: Hydronephrosis
		Unilateral hydronephrosis is hydronephrosis that affect one kidney.
		General signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis include pain in the sides, a mass in the belly, very high fever, blood in the urine, nausea, vomiting, and a high number of white blood cells in the urine.
		Hydronephrosis is diagnosed with an ultrasound of the kidneys or belly, especially in unborn children.
	www.medfriendly.com /hydronephrosis.html (3699 words)

	APPROACH TO A CASE OF HYDRONEPHROSIS PEDIATRIC ONCALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Hydronephrosis can be unilateral or bilateral, obstructive or non obstructive; congenital or acquired.
		Hydronephrosis in fetus /newborn is increasingly recognised due to widespread use of fetal ultrasound scanning, advanced USG equipment and greater expertise.
		Aims of systematic evaluation of hydronephrosis is to detect obstructive lesions which may require surgery in asymptomatic stage to prevent progressive renal damage for e.g.
	www.pediatriconcall.com /FORDOCTOR/DiseasesandCondition/hydrone.asp (583 words)

	Antenatal hydronephrosis
		Antenatal (before birth) hydronephrosis is a condition in which the outflow of urine from the kidney is obstructed, resulting in fluid-filled enlargement.
		Antenatal hydronephrosis can be mild, moderate, or severe and it requires monitoring before birth and during infancy and childhood.
		The most common cause of antenatal hydronephrosis is a narrowing of the ureter close to the kidney, usually developing before the fourth month of pregnancy.
	www.childrensspecialists.com /body.cfm?id=484 (414 words)

	NHS Direct - Health encyclopaedia -Hydronephrosis
		Hydronephrosis is a condition in which one or both of your kidneys become stretched, or swollen, due to a build-up of pressure when urine can't drain out of your kidney.
		The blockage can be at any point of this flow from kidney to bladder, but is most common where the wide urine-collecting system of each kidney (the renal pelvis) joins the narrow tube of the ureter.
		Hydronephrosis can occur in people of any age, including unborn babies, where it will be detected by the routine ultrasound test given to all pregnant women.
	www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk /articles/article.aspx?ArticleID=201 (175 words)

	Pediatric Urology - Prenatal hydronephrosis
		Hydronephrosis is also known as "swelling of the kidney".
		Thus obstetricians and pediatric urologists alike commonly encounter the diagnosis of prenatal hydronephrosis.
		Hydronephrosis is the most common abnormality detected on prenatal ultrasonography.
	www.cornellurology.com /pediatrics/prenatal.shtml (1476 words)

	Unilateral hydronephrosis
		Unilateral hydronephrosis occurs when a single kidney becomes distended or swollen due to a backup of urine.
		When both kidneys are involved, the condition is called bilateral hydronephrosis.
		Treatment and prognosis for unilateral hydronephrosis depend on the associated disorder.
	www.mercydesmoines.org /ADAM/Encyclopedia/ency/000506.asp (210 words)

	Hydronephrosis: Obstruction of the Urinary Tract: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Hydronephrosis is distention (dilation) of the kidney with urine, caused by backward pressure on the kidney when the flow of urine is obstructed.
		In hydronephrosis, the kidney is distended because the flow of urine is obstructed and urine backs up in the kidney's small tubes and central collecting area (renal pelvis).
		Hydronephrosis commonly results from an obstruction located at the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec11/ch148/ch148b.html (1253 words)

	Neonatal Handbook : Fetal Hydronephrosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In severe prenatal hydronephrosis joint antenatal consultation with the paediatrician and paediatric urologist may be beneficial in informing parents of likely diagnoses and postnatal course.
		When the fetal hydronephrosis is mild or moderate and the infant is to be discharged home prior to confirmatory imaging antibiotic prophylaxis against urosepsis is considered prudent.
		As mild fetal hydronephrosis is associated with an excellent prognosis the extent of postnatal investigation is controversial.
	www.netsvic.org.au /nets/handbook/index.cfm?doc_id=626 (727 words)

	eMedicine - Hydronephrosis and Hydroureter : Article by Srinivas Vourganti, MD
		Hydronephrosis is defined as a dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces.
		The presence of hydronephrosis or hydroureter should be considered a physiologic response to the interruption of the flow of urine.
		Hydronephrosis and hydroureter during pregnancy are physiologic and are most pronounced during the third trimester.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1055.htm (3186 words)

	What are the causes and treatment for neonatal hydronephrosis? - Children - DoctorNDTV
		Hydronephrosis involves stretching or dilation of the collecting part of the kidney usually resulting from a blockage in the ureter where it joins the kidney that prevents urine from draining into the bladder or may result from an abnormal reflux of urine from the bladder.
		Children with a mild to moderate degree of hydronephrosis usually do not have symptoms, the kidneys are minimally affected, and the hydronephrosis may disappear in the first few years of life.
		Patients with a severe degree of hydronephrosis require a constant monitoring of the underlying kidney function by renal scan and imaging studies since they are prone to a worsening of function and
	www.doctorndtv.com /FAQ/detailfaq.asp?id=8712 (393 words)

	Reflux and Hydronephrosis
		At her first follow-up they determined that she had severe bilateral hydronephrosis along with a lot of swelling in the bladder and ureters.
		Now that the stents are out and the hydronephrosis is still present, I would like to know if the hydronephrosis is mild, moderate or severe.
		The causes of hydronephrosis are edema (swelling) from surgery, tight closure of the bladder hole around the ureter, or damage to the blood supply to the terminal ureter causing a stricture (scar tissue).
	www.medhelp.org /forums/urology/archive/665.html (887 words)

	My Baby's Enlarged Kidneys
		With the increased use and sophistication of prenatal ultrasound, many cases of hydronephrosis are now discovered before delivery and most are detected around 18 to 20 weeks, though the problem is sometimes spotted as early as the first trimester.
		Nonetheless, in most cases of fetal hydronephrosis the outcome is a routine, normal delivery, after which your baby requires careful follow-up and possible surgery, usually during infancy and childhood.
		Depending on the cause of the hydronephrosis, babies are given antibiotics to prevent kidney damage and periodic ultrasounds and other tests.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/43/3608_2118 (646 words)

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