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Topic: Hydrops fetalis

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	Hydrops fetalis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hydrops fetalis is a blood condition in the fetus characterized by an edema in the fetal subcutaneous tissue, sometimes leading to spontaneous abortion.
		Rh disease is the major cause for immune mediated hydrops fetalis; however, owing to preventative methods developed in the 1970s Rh disease has markedly declined.
		Hydrops fetalis can be diagnosed and monitored by ultrasound scans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrops_fetalis (203 words)

	eMedicine - Hydrops Fetalis : Article by George Cassady, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A significant proportion of hydrops is caused by or associated with chromosomal abnormalities or syndromes.
		Hydrops is defined by the presence of serous effusion(s) in a fetus with subcutaneous tissue edema.
		In hydrops caused by sustained tachycardia, reversal of blood flow (or increased retrograde flow) with systolic forward flow and diastolic reverse flow is present at heart rates exceeding 220 bpm; these abnormalities are reversed by successful fetal treatment with return of the heart rate to 210 bpm or less.
	www.emedicine.com /PED/topic1042.htm (9422 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Rh incompatibility
		Rh-induced hemolytic disease of the newborn; Hydrops fetalis
		Hydrops fetalis is a complication of a severe form of Rh incompatibility in which massive fetal red blood cell destruction (a result of the Rh incompatibility) causes a severe anemia resulting in fetal heart failure, total body swelling, respiratory distress (if the infant has been delivered), and circulatory collapse.
		Hydrops fetalis often results in death of the infant shortly before or after delivery.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001600.htm (787 words)

	Hydrops Fetalis - DIAGNOSIS OF FETAL ABNORMALITIES - THE 18-23 WEEKS SCAN
		Hydrops is defined by abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in skin (edema) and body cavities (pericardial, pleural, or ascitic effusions).
		Hydrops is a non‑specific finding in a wide variety of fetal and maternal disorders, including hematological, chromosomal, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hepatic and metabolic abnormalities, congenital infection, neoplasms and malformations of the placenta or umbilical cord.
		Hydrops is classically divided into immune (due to maternal hemolytic antibodies) and non-immune (due to all other etiologies).
	www.thefetus.net /html/chapter-12/hydrops_01.htm (321 words)

	Idiopathic Hydrops Fetalis
		Hydrops fetalis is a descriptive term for generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities.
		In the case of immune hydrops fetalis, a frequent cause is maternofetal incompatibility as in that related to a number of genetic anemias and metabolic disorders expressed in the fetus; in other instances, it remains idiopathic.
		Hydrops fetalis, the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the subcutaneous tissues and serous cavities of the fetus, has many possible etiologies, providing a diagnostic challenge for the physician.
	www.lymphedemapeople.com /thesite/idiopathic_hydrops_fetalis.htm (3367 words)

	Children's Hospital
		Hydrops can develop as the baby's organs are unable to compensate for the anemia.
		Immune hydrops is not as common as it used to be since the widespread use of Rh immunoglobulin treatment for Rh negative women.
		Risks are also high for babies born with hydrops, with survival often depending on the cause and treatment.
	www.childrenscentralcal.org /content.asp?id=1572&parent=1 (578 words)

	NON-IMMUNE HYDROPS FETALIS
		Hydrops fetalis literally means “edema of the fetus” in Latin and was first described by Ballantyne in 1892 and further classified into immune and non-immune causes by Potter in 1943
		Hydrops fetalis (whether immune or non-immune) is diagnosed by ultrasound and is defined as generalized edema with skin thickness greater than 0.5 mm together with excessive fluid accumulation in two or more serous cavities such as pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal
		The ultrasonographic detection of hydrops fetalis is usually straightforward, but its etiology may be elusive depending on the vigour in which a diagnosis is pursued.
	www.e-imj.com /Vol3-No1/Vol3-No1-I2.htm (6257 words)

	About hydrops fetalis
		Until the advent of RhoGam vaccine, the most common cause of hydrops fetalis was blood group isoimmunization, usually involving the Rhesus blood group antigens.
		Hydrops fetalis is caused by three main mechanisms : anemia, hypoproteinemia and cardiac failure.
		The causal diagnosis of hydrops fetalis is often difficult to determine at autopsy especially if there has been prolonged fetal death.
	www.hydropsfetalis.org /About_hydrops_fetalis.html (941 words)

	Hydrops fetalis: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hydrops fetalis is blood condition in the fetus fetus quick summary:
		Cases of immune hydrops fetalis are relatively rare today, EHandler: no quick summary.
		The non-immune form of hydrops fetalis can be caused by any number of disorders.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hy/hydrops_fetalis.htm (156 words)

	Hydrops Fetalis - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Although less common since the use of Rh immunoglobulin treatment, hydrops fetalis is a severe, life-threatening problem of severe edema (swelling) in the fetus and newborn.
		Hydrops is the most dangerous sign of blood group incompatibility between the mother and baby.
		Risks are also high for babies born with hydrops; the baby's survival often depends on the ability to treat the underlying cause.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-8750 (575 words)

	TheFetus.net - Fetal Parvovirus infection -Luis Díaz Guerrero, MD
		Hydrops fetalis has been reported with maternal B19 infection and appears to be due primarily to fetal anemia and resulting cardiac failure induced by the anemia and the fetal myocarditis.
		Prognosis: In pregnant woman, the primary infection with Parvovirus B19 may lead to fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis with variable outcomes: fetal death, hydrops fetalis, congenital anemia or spontaneous resolution.
		Antenatal diagnosis and palliative treatment of non-immune hydrops fetalis secondary to fetal parvovirus B19 infection.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=155 (948 words)

	Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hydrops fetalis is usually accompanied by ascites and pleural and/or pericardial effusions.
		Hence, this infant's hydrops fetalis was later in onset, contributing to his survival.
		Although the presence of hydrops was unknown at the time of this infant's delivery, the neonatal high-risk team was present because of his prematurity and the presence of meconium when the membranes ruptured.
	www.rcjournal.com /contents/06.98/06.98.0500.asp (1292 words)

	eMedicine - Hydrops Fetalis : Article by Durre Sabih, MBBS, MSc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In addition, hydrops fetalis is associated with polyhydramnios and a thickened placenta (>6 cm) in as many as 30-75% of patients.
		In other fetuses, a clinical suspicion of hydrops fetalis may exist because of a previous family history of a similarly affected baby or because ultrasonography is performed to evaluate polyhydramnios.
		Remember that the appearance of the features of hydrops fetalis usually signals an advanced stage in the progression of the disease, and the prognosis is poor in most fetuses.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic353.htm (3853 words)

	Hydrops Fetalis - Medifocus Guide
		In utero erythrocyte transfusion for fetal xerocytosis associated with severe anemia and non-immune hydrops fetalis.
		Prenatal diagnosis of twin-twin transfusion syndrome complicated with hydrops fetalis at 14 weeks of gestation.
		The resolution of fetal hydrops using combined maternal digoxin and dexamethasone therapy in a case of isolated complete heart block at 30 weeks gestation.
	www.doereport.com /generateexhibit.php?ID=3033&ExhibitKeywordsRaw=&TL=64&A= (846 words)

	Erythroblastosis fetalis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erythroblastosis fetalis refers to two potentially disabling or fatal blood disorders in infants: Rh incompatibility disease and ABO incompatibility disease.
		Erythroblastosis fetalis overwhelms the removal system, and high levels of bilirubin accumulate, causing hyperbilirubinemia, a condition in which the baby becomes jaundiced.
		Hydrops fetalis is characterized by an accumulation of fluids within the baby's body, giving it a swollen appearance.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/erythroblastosis_fetalis.jsp (2156 words)

	Hydrops fetalis of Augusta, Georgia
		Hydrops fetalis (fetal hydrops) is a serious condition in which a fetus becomes extremely swollen from buildup of fluids in the body tissues.
		Organs such as the liver and spleen become enlarged, the fetus develops anemia, and the ability of the fetus's blood to carry oxygen is decreased.
		Hydrops fetalis can develop for a variety of reasons, such as from problems related to Rh sensitization or chromosomal abnormalities.
	www.universityhealth.org /121852.cfm (222 words)

	Congenital Hypothyroidism and Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis: Associated? -- Kessel et al. 103 (1): 9 -- Pediatrics
		Hydrops fetalis (HF) consists of an abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments, including ascites, pleural
		Additional laboratory tests were performed in an attempt to detect a possible cause of hydrops fetalis (HF).
		The list of conditions associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is long and still increasing.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/103/1/e9 (1718 words)

	Nonimmune hydrops fetalis and activation of the renin-angiotensin system after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep -- ...
		Nonimmune hydrops fetalis and activation of the renin-angiotensin system after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep -- Lumbers et al.
		Nonimmune hydrops fetalis and activation of the renin-angiotensin system after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep
		Angiotensin mediated interaction of fetal kidney and placenta in the control of fetal arterial pressure and its role in hydrops fetalis.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/4/R1045 (4278 words)

	Recurrent Hydrops Fetalis Due to Kell Allo-immunization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We report a case of recurrent hydrops fetalis caused by Kell allo-immunization.
		Her obstetric history was remarkable: two of her previous pregnancies (10th and 11th) had ended in fetal deaths at 24 and 26 weeks of gestation, respectively, due to fetal hydrops.
		The infant weighed 2.75 kg, had an Apgar score of 2 at 1 minute, and was hydropic with gross ascites, scalp edema and severe pallor.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/205_206/99-335.htm (1455 words)

	ENLmedical.com: Conditions And Concerns: Medical Encyclopedia: Rh incompatibility
		The jaundice of Rh incompatibility, measured by the level of bilirubin in the infant's bloodstream, may range from mild to dangerously high levels.
		Hydrops fetalis is a complication or severe form of Rh incompatibility where massive fetal red blood cell destruction (a result of the Rh incompatibility) causes a severe anemia resulting in fetal heart failure, total body swelling, respiratory distress (if the infant has been delivered), and circulatory collapse.
		Hydrops fetalis and kernicterus have almost disappeared as the result of preventive measures.
	www.enlmedical.com /article/001600.htm (700 words)

	Hydrops Fetalis Caused by alpha -Thalassemia: An Emerging Health Care Problem -- Chui and Waye 91 (7): 2213 -- Blood
		HYDROPS FETALIS is a serious disorder, usually indicative of an ominous prognosis for the affected fetus.
		Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome is not common in the Mediterranean
		Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis has not been reported in these populations.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/91/7/2213 (4511 words)

	Midaortic Syndrome in the Fetus and Premature Newborn: A New Etiology of Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis and Reversible Fetal ...
		Midaortic Syndrome in the Fetus and Premature Newborn: A New Etiology of Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis and Reversible Fetal Cardiomyopathy -- Zeltser et al.
		Midaortic Syndrome in the Fetus and Premature Newborn: A New Etiology of Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis and Reversible Fetal Cardiomyopathy
		Nonimmune hydrops fetalis is the final common pathway of many
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/abstract/111/6/1437 (190 words)

	Fetal supraventricular tachycardia and hydrops fetalis: combined intensive, direct, and transplacental therapy -- ...
		Fetal supraventricular tachycardia and hydrops fetalis: combined intensive, direct, and transplacental therapy -- Hallak et al.
		A 25-week fetus with severe hydrops fetalis secondary to supraventricular tachycardia was treated with fetal intramuscular injections of digoxin in conjunction with maternal intravenous digoxin, followed by oral digoxin and subsequently by oral procainamide therapy.
		This case suggests that direct fetal therapy is of value in the treatment of some fetuses with supraventricular tachycardia, and lends further evidence that the role of transplacental digoxin therapy is limited in the compromised fetus.
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/78/3/523 (199 words)

	Hydrops Fetalis - Divisions - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - UAMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hydrops Fetalis - Divisions - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - UAMS
		As the infant was delivered, he was noted to have gross abnormalities consistent with hydrops fetalis.
		Xu J, Raff TC, Muallem NS, Neubert GA. (2003) Hydrops fetalis secondary to parvovirus B19 infections.
	www.uams.edu /obgyn/OB_MFM/teleconference/text.asp?id=20 (353 words)

	Hydrops Fetalis
		Non-immune hydrops occurs in about one of every 1,000 births.
		Ultrasound of the fetus shows enlarged liver, spleen, or heart and fluid buildup in the fetus' abdomen.
		Ultrasound - a diagnostic imaging technique which uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs.
	www.chw.org /display/router.asp?DocID=23399 (606 words)

	A transgenic mouse model for non-immune hydrops fetalis induced by the NS1 gene of human parvovirus B19 -- Chisaka et ...
		A transgenic mouse model for non-immune hydrops fetalis induced by the NS1 gene of human parvovirus B19 -- Chisaka et al.
		A transgenic mouse model for non-immune hydrops fetalis induced by the NS1 gene of human parvovirus B19
		Naides, S. and Weiner, C. Antenatal diagnosis and palliative treatment of non-immune hydrops fetalis secondary to fetal parvovirus B19 infection.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/2/273 (4632 words)

	AllRefer Health - Rh Incompatibility (Hydrops Fetalis, Kernicterus, Rh-Induced Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)
		AllRefer Health - Rh Incompatibility (Hydrops Fetalis, Kernicterus, Rh-Induced Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)
		Rh incompatibility is a condition which develops when there is a difference in Rh blood type between that of the pregnant mother (Rh negative) and that of the fetus (Rh positive).
		Hydrops fetalis and kernicterus have decreased markedly in frequency as a result of these preventive measures.
	health.allrefer.com /health/rh-incompatibility-info.html (676 words)

	Congenital Hypothyroidism and Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis: Associated? -- Narchi; and Makhoul 104 (6): 1416 -- Pediatrics
		to have led to hydrops fetalis by reducing the adrenergic stimulation
		Our results support Kessel's finding that congenital hypothyroidism and nonimmune hydrops seem to be associated, but we cannot
		Kessel I, Makhoul IR, Sujov P. Congenital hypothyroidism and nonimmune hydrops fetalis: associated?
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/104/6/1416 (742 words)

	Hydrops fetalis with polymalformative syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		My both pregnancies ended in non immune hydrops fetalis because of possible cardiomyopathy.
		The following address we refer you to will give you a good idea of this complex phenomenon called hydrops fetalis : Universal edema of the newborn
		Thanks to their team work, we could get more insight into the diagnosis in view of the specimens stored by Sainte-Justine Hospital in Montreal.
	www.hydropsfetalis.org /index.html (221 words)

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