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Topic: Hydrostatic skeleton

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	Askipedia.com - How does an earthworm move with no skeleton?
		Skeletons are often given credit for giving support to the rest of the body.
		We depend on our skeletons, without them we would be very blob like, and not able to move on our own.
		Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that exists in a fluid filled chamber, or a worms body.
	www.askipedia.com /askipedia-article-015001-429.htm (803 words)

	* Hydrostatic skeleton - (Biology): Definition
		Hydrostatic skeletons are similar to a water-filled balloon.
		hydrostatic skeleton: a water-based skeleton present in many animals (such as the earthworm) that lack structures, such as bone, for muscles to pull against.
		Vertebrates have a skeleton of bone or cartilage; arthropods have one made of chitin; while many other invertebrates use a hydrostatic skeleton, which is merely an incompressible fluid-filled region of their body.
	en.mimi.hu /biology/hydrostatic_skeleton.html (223 words)

	Skeleton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydrostatic skeleton s are similar to a water-filled balloon.
		Skeleton Coast Safaris Specialises in fly-in safari to the Skeleton Coast Park, Namib-Naukluft Park, western Damaraland and Kaokoland.
		Skeleton holds key to Holy Roman cathedral The discovery of a dusty skeleton has revealed one of the most important churches in mediaeval history a cathedral built by the Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great in the 10th century
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Skeleton.html (932 words)

	Chapter 5: Introduction to the Hydrostatic Skeleton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Invertebrates commonly use a hydrostatic skeleton, a system in which fluid serves as the vehicle through which sets of muscles interact.
		Thus, a fifth requirement to have a functional hydrostatic skeleton is: (5) the presence of a deformable but elastic covering or the presence of at least 2 pairs of musculature oriented in different directions.
		Hydrostatic skeletons play a role in the movements made by representatives of nearly every invertebrate phylum.
	bama.ua.edu /~clydeard/bsc376/lecture9.htm (844 words)

	Skeleton
		The third skeletal system is called the hydrostatic skeleton which is hardly ever mentioned when speaking of the skeletal system because it lacks bones.
		Examples of this are found in arthropods and shellfish: the skeleton forms a hard shell-like covering protecting the internal organs.
		These animals use the hydrostatic skeleton to change the shape of their body from long and skinny to short and stumpy.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/s/sk/skeleton.html (448 words)

	Hydrostatic skeleton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A hydrostatic skeleton or hydroskeleton is a structure found in many soft-bodied invertebrates consisting of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles.
		The pressure of the fluid and action of the surrounding muscles are used to change an organism's shape and produce movement, such as burrowing or swimming.
		Hydrostatic skeletons have a role in the locomotion of echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins), annelids (earthworms), nematodes, and other invertebrates.
	www.kiwipedia.com /hydrostatic-skeleton.html (79 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Examples of exoskeletons are found in arthropods and shellfish, in which the skeleton forms a hard shell-like covering protecting the internal organs.
		Animals such as earthworms use their hydrostatic skeletons to change their body shape, as they move forward, from long and thin to shorter and wider.
		Skeletons are celebrated by children and adults alike for their annual role in Halloween, a holiday in which humans try to frighten each other.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=skeleton (489 words)

	Ch 48 Support Systems and Locomotion
		The action of the muscles on the hydrostatic skeleton of the worm is essentially the same as in hydra: circular muscles contract forcing the hydrostatic fluid into a narrow column thus elongating the body of the worm; longitudinal muscles contract forcing the hydrostatic fluid into a short, wide cylindrical shape supporting a short, wide worm.
		Hydrostatic fluid — is water taken in from surrounding environment and held in the gastrovascular cavity (e.g.
		Hydrostatic skeletons are found in soft-bodied invertebrates including in addition to the annelids and cnidarians mentioned above, mollusks (snails, squids, etc), flatworms (planarians), nematodes, and other lesser groups.
	www2.una.edu /pdavis/BI%20102/ch_48_support_systems.htm (611 words)

	Hydrostatic skeleton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is hydrostatic skeleton significant that the hydrostatic pressure.
		Hydrostatic skeleton when applying this is the fluid in the sketches.
		Hydrostatic skeleton density of the bottom hydrostatic skeleton of the test is a pressure on the two.
	hydrostatic.carfindersite.net /hydrostatic-skeleton.html (1281 words)

	Inside Out Discover Anatomy : Skeleton Territory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Skeletons provide support and protection and can usually be moved by the muscles which are attached to it.
		The skeleton is internal (which is what the endo- part means) and is made up of cartilage and bone and held together and supported by connective tissue.
		The human skeleton is an example of an endoskeleton, with its complex array of joints and bones, including a total of 33 bones in the spine alone.
	insideout.rigb.org /ri/anatomy/skeleton_territory/index.html (477 words)

	Hydrostatic skeleton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		She lost so much weight while she was ill that she became a skeleton.
		(From the sled used, which originally was a bare frame, like a skeleton.) A type of tobogganning in which competitors lie face down, and descend head first (compare luge).
		News on The Lost Skeleton of Cadavra continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Hydrostatic_skeleton.html (204 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Musculoskeletal system
		The human musculoskeletal system consist of the human skeleton, made by bones attached to other bones with joints, and skeletal muscle attached to the skeleton by tendons.
		Among others, cnidarians and annelids, have a hydrostatic skeleton similar to a water-filled balloon, these animals can move by contracting the muscles surrounding the fluid-filled pouch, creating pressure within the pouch that causes movement.
		Animals such as earthworms use their hydrostatic skeletons to change their body shape as they move forward, from long and skinny to short and stumpy.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Musculoskeletal (184 words)

	locomotion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All of these muscle contractions are made possible by the animal's hydrostatic skeleton that provides a rigid surface for the muscles to contract against.
		A hydrostatic skeleton consists of fluid within the body compartments, or segments, which place the animal under pressure and form rigidity.
		Animals who possess a hydrostatic skeleton are usually cylindrical in shape and must contain diagonal fibers such as a cuticle or diagonal muscles in order to prevent kinking.
	www.uas.alaska.edu /biology/Tamone/catalog/annelida/notostomum_cyclostoma/locomotion.htm (240 words)

	SICB - 2005 meeting - Abstract Details (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This study was designed to test the hypothesis that newly molted land crabs remain mobile in the terrestrial environment by using a hydrostatic skeleton.
		In hydrostatic skeletons, support for movement is provided by an incompressible volume of fluid in a tension-resisting container.
		To test for hydrostatic skeletal support in the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, internal hydrostatic pressure and the force exerted by cheliped flexure were simultaneously measured in newly molted crabs.
	www.sicb.org /meetings/2005/schedule/abstractdetails.php3?id=291 (268 words)

	Anatomy Skeleton
		From the morphological point of view, however, human anatomy is a scientific and fascinating study, having for its object thediscovery of the causes which have brought about the existing structureof humans, and needing a knowledge of the allied sciences of embryology or developmental biology, phylogeny, and histology.
		In biology, the skeleton or skeletal system is the biological systemproviding support in living organisms.
		Skeletal systems are commonly divided into three types - external (an exoskeleton), internal (an endoskeleton), and fluid based(a hydrostatic skeleton), though hydrostatic skeletalsystems may be classified separately from the other two since they lack hardened support structures.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/15304-anatomy-skeleton.html (752 words)

	Skeleton System...MedicalGeo.com
		Examples of exoskeletons are found in arthropods and shellfish: the skeleton forms a hard shell-like covering protecting the internal organs.
		Hydrostatic skeletons are similar to a water-filled balloon.
		Animals such as earthworms use their hydrostatic skeletons to change their body shape as they move forward.
	www.medicalgeo.com /skeletonsystem.html (380 words)

	Skeleton - EvoWiki
		The skeleton refers to the system that functions in physically supporting the body of an organism.
		Vertebrates have an endoskeleton made of bones or cartilage; arthropods and some other invertebrates (such as Mollusca) have a chitinous exoskeleton and both Cnidarians and Annelida have a hydrostatic skeleton (using pressurised fluid rather than hardened structures).
		The skeleton of vertebrates can be divided into two sections:
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Skeleton (162 words)

	UCMP Glossary: Zoology
		In vertebrates, for instance, the mesoderm forms the skeleton, muscles, heart, spleen, and many other internal organs.
		Muscles must act against a skeleton to effect movement.
		May be flat and paddlelike, buttonlike, or long and spiny, as in the horseshoe crabs.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss7metazoa.html (2304 words)

	My Manual .com The Manual For A Better You and Self Help
		In biology, the skeleton or skeletal system is the biological system providing physical support in living organisms.
		Skeletal systems are commonly divided into three types - external (an exoskeleton), internal (an endoskeleton), and fluid based (a hydrostatic skeleton), though hydrostatic skeletal systems may be classified separately from the other two since they lack hardened support structures.
		Examples of exoskeletons are found in arthropods, shellfish, and some insects: the skeleton forms a hard shell-like covering protecting the internal organs.
	www.mymanual.com /body-part.html (422 words)

	Biomechanics: a pneumo-hydrostatic skeleton in land crabs.
		But in the case of land crabs, little water is available to provide a temporary hydrostatic skeleton before the new skeleton hardens, and air does not provide the buoyancy necessary to support the animal.
		Here we show that whenever its exoskeleton is shed, the flback land crab Gecarcinus lateralis relies on an unconventional type of hydrostatic skeleton that uses both gas and liquid (a 'pneumo-hydrostat').
		It establishes a new category of hydrostatic skeletal support and possibly a critical adaptation to life on land for the Crustacea.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16625186/mt:Oxides (172 words)

	:: .elgarim :: .now with more secret images!.
		These are not true muscles because they are not freely suspended in the body cavity as they are in more developed animals.
		Since the anemone lacks a skeleton, the contractile cells pull against the gastrovascular cavity, which acts as a hydrostatic skeleton.
		The stability for this hydrostatic skeleton is caused by the anemone shutting its mouth, which keeps the gastrovascular cavity at a constant volume, making it more rigid.
	www.elgarim.com (411 words)

	Glossary of Water Resource Terms
		a geologic formation in which water is under sufficient hydrostatic pressure to be discharged to the surface without pumping.
		consisting of or abounding in diatoms, a class of unicellular or colonial algae having a silicified cell wall that persists as a skeleton after death.
		the imaginary surface to which groundwater rises under hydrostatic pressure in wells or springs.
	www.edwardsaquifer.net /glossary.html (7643 words)

	Chapter 17 - Annelids
		One problem is the distribution of burrowing in annelids is too phylogenetically restricted to be a condition that was likely present in the common ancestor.
		For example, it is likely that the common ancestor of annelids was small, and small polychaetes often lack the partitioning of the segmented body that is used as a hydrostatic skeleton in annelids such as the terrestrial earthworms.
		It appears more likely that the coelom first evolved in annelids as a respiratory structure or for some other function and was later modified to be used also for a hydrostatic skeleton in some larger burrowing annelids.
	biology.fullerton.edu /biol261/ch/ch17.html (593 words)

	MINUTE BURROW-LIKE FOSSILS FROM THE EDIACARAN DOUSHANTUO FORMATION, YANGTZE GORGES, CHINA
		The appearance of the hydrostatic skeleton conferred new opportunities on animals.
		The first animal with a hydrostatic skeleton would likely have been soft-bodied and difficult to fossilize.
		These fossils represent the oldest evidence for the use of a hydrostatic skeleton by an animal.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_95458.htm (504 words)

	Biological Sciences / Teaching / BSX1001 Invertebrates (2006/07) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Particular emphasis is given to the structure of the arthropod exoskeleton, segmentation and limb design.
		(3) The echinoderms and modular animals; this examines the form and function of this phylum, detailing the importance of the hydrostatic skeleton.
		Important concepts include torsion and the role of the hydrostatic skeleton in locomotion, swimming and burrowing.
	biology.bangor.ac.uk /teaching/module/BSX1001/info (401 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Animal Systems: Skeletal System
		They have skeletons made up of fluids inside of tubes within their bodies.
		Without the bones of your skeleton, you would be a blob of water-filled tissues.
		Muscles connect to your skeleton and they contract and move the skeleton along.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/systems_skeletal.html (454 words)

	3.24.2005 - Octopuses occasionally stroll around on two arms, UC Berkeley biologists report
		Like a weird sea monster, the octopus Octopus aculeatus walks along the floor of a tank while maintaining its camouflage as a piece of algae.
		An octopus is basically a water-filled balloon, but with the fluid contained in muscle cells rather than an open cavity.
		It keeps its shape not with an internal or external skeleton but by hydrostatic pressure, sometimes called a hydrostatic skeleton or muscular hydrostat.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2005/03/24_octopus.shtml (1205 words)

	Motor Systems (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For your answer to arthropods (above), tell what class of biological molecules the material is (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid).
		Name the kind of skeleton (exoskeleton, endoskeleton, or hydrostatic skeleton) found in each of the following kinds of animals
		Be able to define exoskeleton, endoskeleton, and hydrostatic skeleton.
	faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu /faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Review%20Questions/motor.htm (252 words)

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