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Topic: Hydrous pyrolysis

Related Topics

Pyrolysis

Thermal depolymerization

Steam cracking

Biofuel

Oil shale

Kerogen

Catagenesis

Crude oil

Biomass

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	U.S. Patent: 5082787 - Method of performing hydrous pyrolysis for studying the kinetic parameters of hydrocarbons ...
		A method for studying the rate and type of hydrocarbon generated from a hydrocarbon source utilizes hydrous pyrolysis to generate hydrocarbons from the sample and then utilizes cryogenic methods to remove the fluid portions to a transfer vessel.
		Heating kerogen isothermally at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of water is a process referred to variously as hydrous pyrolysis, simulated maturation or sealed vessel pyrolysis.
		Hydrous pyrolysis involves isothermal heating of the source material with water in a closed system, but product recovery problems have limited its application to qualitative studies of oil and bitumen generation.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5082787.html (3082 words)

	Petroleum Source Rock Kinetics & Yield Analysis
		This technique is identical to the Rock-Eval pyrolysis process except the exact temperature inside the sample is directly measured and there is only a minute temperature gradient across the sample.
		The pyrolysis curves from experiments at multiple heating rates and measured temperature results are combined in a file which is processed using the Lawrence Livermore Kinetics© program.
		In hydrous pyrolysis experiments a large aliquot of source rock is heated with water isothermally to temperatures typically ranging from 280° C to 370° C typically for 1-3 days.
	www.humble-inc.com /p_src_rk.htm (1588 words)

	Psychology of... Pyrolysis
		Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam.
		Anhydrous pyrolysis can also be used to produce liquid fuel similar to diesel from solid biomass or plastics.
		Pyrolysis also can be used as a form of thermal treatment to reduce waste volumes and produce fuels as a byproduct.
	www.psychologyof.com /psypsych/wiki/Pyrolysis (1355 words)

	Hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process for in situ destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbon and fuel hydrocarbon ...
		In situ hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process is useful for in situ degradation of hydrocarbon water and soil contaminants.
		The acid produced during hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation is rapidly consumed by the feldspar minerals present in aquifer rocks and soils and the ground water does not become appreciably acidic in the field.
		It was again observed that hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation proceeded at a rapid rate, as long as at least a stoichiometrically sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen were present.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6127592.html (8919 words)

	Organic geochemistry of Woodford and Green River Shales using hydrous pyrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hydrous pyrolysis, performed by immersing a sample in water below the critical temperature of water (374degreesC), generates high pressures in a closed system due to expansion and vapor pressure of water.
		The hydrocarbons generated from hydrous pyrolysis may be collected in the form of gas, floating oil, or as a solvent extract.
		Hydrous pyrolysis of a Woodford Shale outcrop sample from Carter County, Oklahoma, was performed at temperatures of 310degreesC to 370degreesC for 72 hours and at 330degreesC for 5 to 650 hours.
	epublish.utdallas.edu /theses/13474 (214 words)

	Pyrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		'''Pyrolysis''' is formally defined as chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen.
		Several different pyrolysis techniques are being developed to produce hydrocarbon fuel similar to oil or diesel from organic waste and other kinds of biomass.
		Thermal depolymerization uses hydrous pyrolysis in the conversion of organic waste into light crude oil.
	pyrolysis.iqnaut.net (206 words)

	Pyrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		'''Pyrolysis''' is the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen and water.
		The term pyrolysis generally refers to anhydrous pyrolysis, without water, and that is the subject of this article.
		Pyrolysis is also a common technique to produce liquids from solid biomass.
	pyrolysis.kiwiki.homeip.net (273 words)

	Increasing subterranean mobilization of organic contaminants and petroleum by aqueous thermal oxidation - Patent 6387278
		The invention further relates to an in situ hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process useful for partial in situ oxidation of the residual organics to generate surfactant molecules within subsurface water to enhance the mobility of the remaining bulk organic accumulations.
		Alternatively, the hydrous pyrolysis/partial oxidation of organics may be achieved by introduction of steam only to the groundwater (without addition of oxygen or a catalyst) and an oxidant of the target organics, where the oxidant is dissolved oxygen or air and/or a mineral present in the aquifer ground.
		At this stage, the current invention takes over and partially oxidizes, via hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation, a first portion of the residual contaminants to surfactants, and subsequently, the remaining residual contaminants are emulsified with water and the in situ produced surfactant(s), and removed via the same apparatus utilized for the underground stripping.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6387278.html (10730 words)

	Ethanol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hydrous and anhydrous ethanol are terms used to describe ethanol by the type of process used to covert biomass into fuel.
		The term hydrous pyrolysis is sometimes used to encompass thermolysis in the presence of water, such as steam cracking of oil, or more generally hydrous pyrolysis.
		Anhydrous (without water) pyrolysis can be used to produce liquid fuel similar to diesel from solid biomass.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Ethanol (4460 words)

	In Situ Thermal Desorption
		Most of the contaminants are destroyed in situ by pyrolysis and oxidation as they vaporize in the hot soil volumes near heaters.
		These are oxidation, pyrolysis (coking), water-gas reactions, and reactions of coke with water or air.
		Other reactions that occur are similar to pyrolysis, coking and steam reforming reactions, which are used in chemical plants and refineries to form olefins, coke and carbon oxides.
	www.mktechsolutions.com /ISTD.htm (753 words)

	Faster Cleanup
		The hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process builds on the team's experience with heating large amounts of soil that was gained during earlier work with dynamic underground stripping.
		Hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation also takes advantage of the large increase in mobility that occurs when the subsurface is heated and makes contaminants more available for destruction.
		Because hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation is an aqueous-phase reaction, capturing and evaluating the fluid in that phase is essential.
	www.llnl.gov /str/Newmark.html (3089 words)

	Hydrous pyrolysis at AllExperts
		Hydrous pyrolysis refers to the chemical processes which take place when material is heated to high temperatures in the presence of water.
		Hydrous pyrolysis may be a significant process in the creation of fossil fuels.
		Simple heating without water, anhydrous pyrolysis has long been considered to take place naturally during the catagenesis of kerogens to fossil fuels.
	en.allexperts.com /e/h/hy/hydrous_pyrolysis.htm (272 words)

	WHOI's Petroleum Organic Geochemistry Group
		Laboratory hydrous pyrolysis technique using a flexible reaction cell which permits samples to be withdrawn at the temperature and pressure of an experiment, avoiding ambiguous retrograde reactions caused by the sampling process.
		These experiments also differ significantly from previous hydrous pyrolysis experiments because pressure is maintained above the two-phase boundary of water, ensuring that only liquid water exists in the reaction cell.
		In contrast, hydrous pyrolysis experiments performed in fixed volume reaction vessels require that a vapor phase exist above liquid water.
	dynatog.whoi.edu /research.html (617 words)

	Organic Geochemistry. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		C ratios of kerogen, bitumen and oil during hydrous pyrolysis, Organic Geochemistry 32 (8) (2001) pp.
		Roald N. Leif, Bernd R.T. Simoneit, The role of alkenes produced during hydrous pyrolysis of a shale, Organic Geochemistry 31 (11) (2000) pp.
		Barth, K. Rist, B. Huseby, R. Ocampo, The distribution of nitrogen between bitumen, water and residue in hydrous pyrolysis of extracted Messel oil shale, Organic Geochemistry 24 (8-9) (1996) pp.
	www1.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/01466380/viewer.htt?viewtype=keywords&rangeselected=86 (1489 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation would eliminate the need for long-term use of expensive treatment facilities by converting all remaining contaminant to benign products (e.g., carbon dioxide, water, and chloride ion).
		The delivery concept for hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation utilizes the established experience in heating large volumes of ground developed in the Dynamic Underground Stripping Demonstration (Newmark et al., 1995).
		Because the subsurface is heated during this process, hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation also takes advantage of the large increase in mass transfer rates which make contaminant more available for destruction, such as increased diffusion out of silty sediments.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=598773&query_id=0 (652 words)

	Dynamic Underground Stripping and Hydrous Pyrolysis Oxidation
		Dynamic Underground Stripping and Hydrous Pyrolysis Oxidation (DUS/HPO) combines several technologies to remediate soil and groundwater contaminated with fuel and other organic compounds.
		Hydrous Pyrolysis/Oxidation (HPO) is added to this process.
		When injection is halted, the steam condenses and contaminated groundwater returns to the heated zone, where it mixes with oxygen-rich condensed steam.
	www.cpeo.org /techtree/ttdescript/dynus.htm (697 words)

	Evolution of Asphaltenes during Artificial Maturation: A Record of the Chemical Processes
		This phenomenon is retarded by the presence of water in hydrous conditions.
		Therefore, it is suggested that hydrogen transfer reactions between water and the newly formed hydrocarbons are catalyzed by the asphaltenes and are based on a combination of reduction and oxidation reactions through a radical ion mechanism.
		(v) A comparison with the elemental composition of the residual kerogen leads to the conclusion that the excess of CO generated during hydrous pyrolysis is related to the oxidation of the asphaltenes.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/enfuem/1996/10/i01/abs/ef9501410.html (297 words)

	Hydrous Pyrolysis - Section G - Item 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hydrous Pyrolysis - Section G - Item 5
		Hydrous Pyrolysis Oxidation (HPO) is another name for chemical oxidation in the presence of heat.
		These simple reactions between oxygen and contaminants are orders of magnitude faster at or close to steam temperature than under ambient temperatures.
	www.srs.gov /general/programs/soil/technology/Pages/g05.html (137 words)

	GEOCHEMICAL SOLUTIONS INTERNARIONAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He was primarily responsible for the development, operation and maintenance of the Stable Isotope lab and became more involved with the interpretation, documentation, and oral presentation of organic geochemical data associated with a variety of technical service projects.
		He applied a Hydrous Pyrolysis technique, investigated as part of his MS thesis requirements, as a routine analytical procedure designed to address specific source rock evaluation and source rock to oil correlation problems.
		He was promoted to Senior Project Geochemist in 1991 responsible for large-scale speculative studies in West Africa and South America (SubAndean), as well as interpretive technical service projects, which increased significantly largely due to advancements in analytical techniques.
	www.gsibrasil.com.br /company-technical-craig.htm (1649 words)

	Thermal depolymerization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, there has been work done on hydrous pyrolysis methods, in which the depolymerization takes place with the materials in water.
		In U. patent 2,177,557, issued in 1939, Bergstrom and Cederquist discuss a method for obtaining oil from wood in which the wood is heated under pressure in water with a significant amount of calcium hydroxide added to the mixture.
		In the early 1970's Herbert R. Appell and coworkers worked with hydrous pyrolysis methods, as exemplified by U. patent 3,733,255, issued in 1973, which discusses the production of oil from sewer sludge and municipal refuse by heating the material in water under pressure in the presence of carbon monoxide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thermal_depolymerization (2040 words)

	Eastern Section AAPG/TSOP Abstracts
		Hydrous pyrolysis of Sarukawa oil, generated from type II kerogen, was performed to establish the kinetic model of oil cracking for basin modeling.
		The amount of gas(C1-C5 hydrocarbons), light oil (C6-C14 hydrocarbons), heavy oil (C15+ hydrocarbons) and coke(CH2Cl2 insoluble) were measured, and the structural changes of light and heavy oil with pyrolysis were examined using 1H-NMR.
		The model and the obtained kinetic parameters satisfactorily describe the cracking behavior of Sarukawa oil in hydrous pyrolysis experiments.
	karl.nrcce.wvu.edu /esaapg/abstracts/97mtg-abstracts/tsuzuki1.htm (166 words)

	Current Environmental Solutions offering Six-Phase Heating™,
		Common degradation mechanisms which have affected past projects are thermo-biodegradation, hydrous pyrolysis oxidation, hydrolysis, and reductive dechlorination via native reactive minerals such as reduced irons, sulfide and sulfite.
		Volatile organic contaminants are readily partitioned into vapor phase when heated making the sparged air much more effective as a carrier gas.
		Moreover, air sparging introduces oxygen into the groundwater, which enhances thermo biodegradation and thermally accelerated oxidation reactions such as hydrous pyrolysis oxidation.
	www.cesiweb.com /aquifer.htm (447 words)

	DDS-067 Chp E Title/Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Comparison of gas: oil ratios (GOR) for source rocks with different types subjected to hydrous-and anhydrous-pyrolysis between 270 ° and 365 ° C for 72 hours
		Comparison of gas: oil ratios (GOR) for aliquots of a sample of Shale (Type-II) subjected to hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis at 300°,330°, and 350 ° C for 72 hours
		Description of immature source rocks subjected to hydrous pyrolysis.
	pubs.usgs.gov /dds/dds-067/contentsE.html (150 words)

	Amazon.com: "hydrous pyrolysis": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		However, Figure 2.10 shows laboratory hydrous pyrolysis data from Rullkotter and Marzi (1989) combined with the natural data set of Mackenzie and McKenzie.
		whereas in hydrous pyrolysis it would decompose into oil which may be either expelled or further cracked into methane in a confined system.
		Experimental designs for achieving these reac- tions have been quite diverse and in the case of hydrothermal simulations are called hydrous pyrolysis (Leif et al., 1991, 1992; Lewan, 1993).
	www.amazon.com /phrase/hydrous-pyrolysis (540 words)

	Ground Water Currents, September 1999, Issue No. 33
		Hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation is based on the principles used in dynamic underground stripping.
		At the Visalia Pole Yard, dynamic underground stripping combined with hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation uses simultaneous injection of steam and oxygen to build a heated, oxygenated zone in the subsurface.
		In order to verify the progress and extent of hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation, Noble-gas tracers were used to track water movement and verify that chemical reactions are occurring as expected.
	www.clu-in.org /products/newsltrs/gwc/gwc0999.htm (1931 words)

	IngentaConnect Carbon isotopic composition of acetic acid generated by hydrous p... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carbon isotopic composition of acetic acid generated by hydrous pyrolysis of macromolecular organic matter from the Murchison meteorite
		In this study, we conducted hydrous pyrolysis of macromolecular organic matter purified from the Murchison meteorite (CM2) to examine the generation of monocarboxylic acids with their stable carbon isotope measurement.
		During hydrous pyrolysis of macromolecular organic matter at 270-330 °C, monocarboxylic acids with carbon numbers ranging from 2 (C
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/arizona/maps/2006/00000041/00000008/art00005 (310 words)

	ELEMENT PARTITIONING INTO GENERATED PETROLEUM AND HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS AS DETERMINED BY HYDROUS PYROLYSIS OF RETORT SHALE
		Little is known about the redistribution of inorganic constituents of petroleum source rocks among oil, gas, water, and rock during petroleum generation.
		We have measured the partitioning of 65 elements during experimental hydrous pyrolysis of a thermally immature, organic-rich, metalliferous, fl shale (Retort Shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation).
		The sample was crushed to gravel-size pieces, which were immersed in distilled water or a brine solution in a sealed Hastelloy C-276 reactor.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_79488.htm (452 words)

	Geochemistry of Natural Gas
		As part of USGS evaluations of the future petroleum potential of the North Slope of Alaska, we are examining all publicly available data on natural gas geochemistry from wells on the North Slope.
		Our compilation includes new samples collected by the USGS from U.S. Navy wells, gases released by hydrous pyrolysis of source rocks during artificial maturation, and data released by industry.
		Gas compositions in accumulations from the Endicott Field in the east to the Walakpa field in the west span the range of gas compositions released by hydrous pyrolysis of two major sources (Shublik Formation and Hue Shale).
	www.searchanddiscovery.net /documents/abstracts/pac2002/burruss.htm (272 words)

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