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Topic: Hydrozoan

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Hydrozoa

Kakadu National Park

	hydrozoan - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Hydrozoans differ in their conformity to the typical alternation of generations.
		Most hydrozoan species have both a polyp and medusa stage, but others make use of only one or the other.
		Perhaps the best-known hydrozoan, familiar to most students of introductory biology, is Hydra, pictured at left.
	encarta.msn.com /hydrozoan.html (0 words)

	Reefs.org: Where Reefkeeping Begins on the Internet - Hydroids by Ronald L. Shimek October 1997 Aquarium.Net
		Hydrozoans are generally radially symmetrical with a basically cylindrical body having a ring of tentacles around the upper end.
		The body in these hydrozoans is constructed of a complicated mass of tubes containing both epidermis and gastrodermis; the calcium carbonate lies outside these tubes, but there is also a surface layer of epidermis covering it; so technically they have an endo- (or internal) skeleton.
		Hydrozoans are generally considered to be primarily heterotrophic, obtaining their nutrition by preying on small zooplankton.
	www.reefs.org /library/aquarium_net/1097/1097_2.html (4336 words)

	Hydrozoa Morphology
		The difference between most hydrozoans and most scyphozoans is that in hydrozoans, the polyp stage usually predominates, with the medusa small or sometimes absent.
		Hydrozoans also lack cells in the mesoglea, the jelly layer found between the basic cell layers, whereas scyphozoans contain amoeboid cells in the mesoglea.
		While a few hydrozoans, such as Hydra, are solitary polyps, most live in colonies made up of anywhere from a few to thousands of individual polyps.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /cnidaria/hydrozoamm.html (0 words)

	HYDROZOAN PEET HOME PAGE
		Conversely, distinguishing among similar morphologies is a large problem, the extreme plasticity of hydrozoan morphology has led some workers to over-diagnose species.
		For example, the major works on American hydrozoans were written by E. Fraser (1937; 1944).
		The Emperor Hirohito of Japan, an eminent hydrozoan taxonomist, was also known to name new species from singular occurrences on fish!
	www.biology.duke.edu /hydrodb (238 words)

	jellyfish
		These are more highly developed than those of the hydrozoan medusae, and contain an eye-spot or ocellus; a hollow statocyst containing calcareous granules, which act as a balance organ; and two sense pits to help with food recognition.
		In the centre of the under-surface is a manubrium containing the mouth, as in hydrozoan medusae, but is usually surrounded by four tentacle-like arms bearing stinging cells.
		The basic organization of the scyphozoan medusa is similar to that of the hydrozoan medusa.
	www2.arnes.si /~jzaloh/jellyfish.htm (858 words)

	Hydrozoan Jellyfish - Multimedia - ninemsn Encarta
		The notorious Portuguese man-of-war, Physaliaphysalia, a hydrozoan jellyfish, is propelled on the surface of warm seas by the force of the wind on its blue, gas-filled float.
		Stinging tentacles, as long as 20 metres (65 ft) or more, hang from polyps on the underside of the float.
		Stinging polyps transfer prey to feeding polyps for digestion.
	au.encarta.msn.com /media_461530870/Hydrozoan_Jellyfish.html (77 words)

	Section B - Fire corals and Hydroids
		Hydrozoans are a curious set of marine animals which go largely unnoticed until you brush yourself against a colony.
		Hydrozoans usually consist of small colonies of polyps that are packed with stinging cells.
		Hydrozoan colonies are often host to a range of animals.
	www.reef.edu.au /asp_pages/secb.asp?FormNo=18 (832 words)

	Shedd Aquarium
		Fire coral is actually a relative of coral called a hydrozoan or hydroid or an animal related to coral that has two life forms—the polyp and the medusa.
		And as a hydrozoan, fire coral is more closely related to sea jellies than true coral.
		Hydrozoan or hydroid – An animal that is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria.
	www.sheddaquarium.org /sea/fact_sheets_print.cfm?id=93 (1247 words)

	Page 5
		Workshop of the Hydrozoan Society was recently held over ten-days, in the Goldfields Environmental Centre at Geelbek, in the West Coast National Park.
		Meetings of the Hydrozoan Society are very different from normal scientific gatherings: there is a very relaxed, Cape Town, feel about them – a bunch of buddies getting down to drinking and chatting in a seaside environment.
		They are always held in some sort of atmospheric setting, and although the shared dormitories and common ablution blocks were a surprise to some, the beautiful West Coast National Park, the glorious weather, the good food and drink, and the convivial company more than made up for the hardships.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /sancor/march2003pg6.htm (471 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydrozoan planulae contain a population of interstitial cells which either divide to maintain the I- cell population or differentiate into ganglionic nerve cells or nematocytes.
		The general problem approached by this research is how the spatial pattern of differentiated cells is established during embryogenesis and how such an organization is carried over and maintained in the adult state.
		Dr. Martin is studying cellular commitment, proliferation and differentiation of a manipulatable population of stem cells in a marine hydrozoan as a model.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/IBN.BIO.a8702212.txt (154 words)

	Definition of hydrozoan - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "hydrozoan" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "hydrozoan" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "hydrozoan" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=hydrozoan (0 words)

	Hydromedusae
		The Hydromedusae, a subclass within the Class Hydrozoa (link from UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology), Phylum Cnidaria, include a bewildering variety of mostly small, often inconspicuous medusae.
		Life histories of hydrozoan species can vary from those that are dominated by the polyp phase (lacking a medusa) to those that are exclusively medusoid.
		Compared to the usually larger and flashier scyphomedusae, medusa within this subclass typically possess transparent tissue that renders them difficult to see in the water.
	jellieszone.com /hydromedusae.htm (999 words)

	Amazon.com: hydrozoan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		New distribution record and ecological notes of the freshwater Hydrozoan Craspedacusta sowerbii in southeast Texas.: An article from: The Texas Journal of Science by Richard C. Harrel (Jul 14, 2006)
		New hydrozoan and brachiopod and new genus of worms from the Ordovician Schenectady formation of New York (Bulletin of the Wagner Free Institute of Science) by Benjamin Franklin Howell (Unknown Binding - 1949)
		A new hydrozoan from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois (Fieldiana) by Matthew H Nitecki (Unknown Binding - 1972)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=hydrozoan&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (863 words)

	Hydrozoans (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The animals of the class hydrozoa have both a polyp and medusa stage.
		Siphonophores are a type of hydrozoan with a float for buoyancy.
		Probably the most famous of these is the species physalia, the Portugese-man-of-war, which is a type of colonial siphonophore.
	www.cyhaus.com /marine/hydroids.htm (43 words)

	[No title]
		Hydrozoa - Pennaria - Mature and young hydranths of the hydrozoan Pennaria.
		Hydrozoa - Pennaria - Young hydranth of the hydrozoan Pennaria with developing gonophores.
		Hydrozoa - Tubularia - Actinula larval stage of the hydrozoan Tubularia.
	biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca /Thumbnails/searchresults.htm?StartRow=17&datesoumis=1999-12-14&formattype=&keyword=&phylum= (106 words)

	IngentaConnect Taxonomy and distribution of the hydrozoan and protozoan epibiont... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Taxonomy and distribution of the hydrozoan and protozoan epibionts on Pagurus bernhardus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Scotland
		There was a differential distribution according to the type of epibiont: hydrozoans dominated in biovolume and were present mainly on the shell, meanwhile protozoans represented the highest fraction of density and they were found exclusively on the crab (principally on eyes, antennulae, antennae, maxillipeds, pereopods and uropods).
		There was a significant difference between both species of hydrozoan epibionts with respect to the mean densities on the different areas of the shell.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/azo/2006/00000087/00000001/art00004 (445 words)

	Volker Schmid - References
		Gröger H, Callaerts P, Gehring WJ, Schmid V. Characterization and expression analysis of an ancestor-type pax gene in the hydrozoan jellyfish Podocoryne carnea.
		Temporally and spatially restricted expression of a gland cell gene during regeneration and in vitro transdifferentiation in the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea.
		Aerne BL, Schmid V, Schuchert P. Actin-encoding genes of the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea.
	pages.unibas.ch /dib/zoologie/research/schmid/references.html (1534 words)

	Velella velella (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The attached colonial hydrozoan Tubularia has a similarly structured (though much smaller) polyp but would not be mistaken for this species.
		The species is pelagic and usually offshore, though thousands may be blown ashore by strong onshore winds (especially during El Nino), mostly during late spring and early summer.
		Recent study suggests that, instead, it is a single very large hydrozoan polyp (Order Chondrophora), floating mouth downward and with a chitinous float and sail instead of a column.
	www.rosario.wwc.edu /inverts/Cnidaria/Class-Hydrozoa/Chondrophores-Siphonophores/VelellaVellela.html (399 words)

	Environmental Expert.com. Mitochondrial evolution and phylogeography in the hydrozoan Obelia geniculata (Cnidaria)
		Mitochondrial evolution and phylogeography in the hydrozoan Obelia geniculata (Cnidaria)
		Here, two mitochondrial markers [16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI)] were used to study the evolution of the widely distributed hydrozoan Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758) from the North Atlantic and the Pacific and, more specifically, in the context of North Atlantic phylogeography.
		Using portions of the 16S rDNA and COI genes and the date of the last trans-Arctic interchange (3.1—4.1 million years ago), the first calibrated rate of nucleotide substitutions in hydrozoans is presented.
	www.environmental-expert.com /resulteacharticle4.asp?cid=6063&codi=5359 (306 words)

	Hydrozoans
		Hydrozoan Behavior, Hydrozoan Compatibility, Hydrozoan Selection, Hydrozoan Systems, Hydrozoan Feeding, Hydrozoan Disease, Hydrozoan Reproduction, Medusoids/Jellies (Ctenophores, some Hydrozoans, Scyphozoans)
		Hydrozoans are the "other" Class of cnidarians (Anthozoans making up the mainly polypoid corals, anemones, sea fans...
		Most of the Hydrozoans are small, obscure not-so funny to touch Christmas tree sort of affairs, but they include such notables as Portuguese Man of War, Fire Corals (Millepora), and the beautiful delicate Stylasterines (Lace Corals) amongst their ranks.
	www.wetwebmedia.com /hydrozoans.htm (350 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The investigators are collaborating with colleagues in Canada (Dale Calder at the Royal Ontario Museum) and Italy (Ferdinando Boero at the University of Lecce) and others in studying museum specimens, culturing live organisms, adding new material from field expeditions, and training new experts in the taxonomy of these organisms.
		Morphological and molecular evidence will be integrated into the monographic studies, with new morphological characters from electron microscopy of nematocysts and other structures, and new molecular evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal genes.
		In particular, Duke University is hosting a Hydrozoan Sequencing Facility, which will provide DNA sequence data from properly prepared collections, for purposes of identifying hydrozoans, placing them with evolutionary relatives, and tracking links between polyp and medusa stages in life cycle studies.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/DEB.BIO.a9978131.txt (436 words)

	Zoologisches Institut der Uni Basel
		Torras R, Yanze N, Schmid V, Gonzalez-Crespo S. nanos expression at the embryonic posterior pole and the medusa phase in the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea.
		Stierwald M, Yanze N, Bamert R, Kammermeier L and Schmid V. The Sine oculis/Six class family of homeobox genes in jellyfish with and without eyes:Development and eye regeneration.
		The hydrozoan life cycle: a small secreted protein is involved in specification of the polyp stage.
	www.zoo.unibas.ch /pubsch.html (1689 words)

	Jellyfish Stings
		The hydrozoans include feathery hydroids, fire coral, and the Portuguese man-of-war.
		The Portuguese man-of-war lives in the Atlantic Ocean along the East Coast of North America, as well as in the Pacific and Indian oceans.
		As a rule, their stings are considerably less toxic than the hydrozoans and are usually limited to eruptions of the skin where contact took place.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /jellyfish_stings/article_em.htm (323 words)

	Question set 20 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		How is a medusa generated and what is its function in the life cycle of a hydrozoan?
		In what ways is the medusa better adapted for a mobile existence, not only in mobility but in its ability to perceive its environment, than other phases of the hydrozoan life cycle?
		Describe a typical life cycle of a hydrozoan and cite examples of species that have greater or lesser reliance on certain stages in this life cycle (e.g., reduction of the medusa phase or reduction of the polyp).
	www.umesci.maine.edu /biology/inv/q20.htm (282 words)

	[Cnidaria] Mystery Hydrozoan in Monterey Bay
		I couldn't get a polyp in months of trying, beyond a funny lumpy thing that grew out of a settled planula and for all I know was the final polyp - it seemed to have some terminal nematocysts.
		They are relatively >hardy (you can drop them on the floor, pick them up and put them >back in their tank and they do fine) and pack a decent sting for >their size.
		The ring canal of Maeotias is reported to >have several prominent centripetal canals extending upwards into >each quadrant (you can see them with the naked eye) and this mystery >hydrozoan does not have the prominent canals extending from the ring >canal.
	maillists.uci.edu /mailman/public/cnidaria/2003-June/000577.html (695 words)

	[Hydroids CoP] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		dactylozooid (tentaculozooid, machozooid, protective polyp) [G Dactylozooid, Wehrpolyp]: In colonial hydrozoan, type of individual serving to protect colony or stun prey; equipped with nematocysts, yet mouth, tentacles, and gastric cavity are reduced or lost.
		hydromedusa (medusa) [G Hydromeduse, Meduse]: Frees-wimming sexual hydrozoan individual (as opposed to polyp) typically consisting of umbrella, manubrium, and tentacles; medusa of thecate hydrozoan termed leptomedusa, that of athecate forms anthomedusa.
		Tentacle-like extensions of manubrium around mouth of medusa are termed oral tentacles; extremely elongated tentacle of dactylozooid in floating colony, fishing tentacle.
	etic.univ-reunion.fr /projects/CoP-Hydroids/article.php3?id_article=44 (3941 words)

	Developmental Insights into the Origin of Complex Colonial Hydrozoans -- Cartwright 43 (1): 82 -- Integrative and ...
		Colonial hydrozoans represent some of the most diverse and complex
		The simplest type of hydrozoan is exemplified in Podocoryne
		The colonial hydrozoan Hydractinia is a common experimental
	icb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/43/1/82 (2559 words)

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