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Topic: Hymenophore

	American Journal of Botany, 4, 9, November, 1917 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Perpendicular downward growth of hyphae from the under surface of the pileus, beginning in the angle between stem and pileus, forms the primordium of the hymenophore as an annular zone of new growth surrounding the stem apex.
		The gill trama is formed by the downward growth of hyphae from the hymenophore into the gill salient, and increases by interstitial growth.
		It is covered externally by remnants of the outer layer of the blematogen, as indicated by the dark patches that may be attached to its outer surface.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001156.html (966 words)

	MykoWeb -- Mycomorphology Part 2
		At the beginning of the last century, the eminent fungal physiologist AHR Buller observed that when a basidiocarp of Agaricus campestris was tilted a mere 5° from the normal, spore dispersal was cut in half.
		The positively gravitropic response of the hymenophoral elements represent a further layer of "fine adjustment".
		The question of how differential cell growth is coordinated throughout the stipe and hymenophore is another open question - it is clear that auxin is not involved, but the hormone or mechanism that is responsible remains to be discovered.
	www.mykoweb.com /articles/mycomorphology_2.html (1321 words)

	CA Boletes -- About Boletes
		The hymenophore, which consists of soft, moist, putrescent tubes, is the most distinctive feature of the boletes.
		The pores are usually concolorous with the tubes; however, in some species they are pink or red in contrast to the yellow color of the body of the tube or, less commonly, they may be a contrasting shade of brown or fl.
		The body of the pileus, hymenophore, and stipe is composed of filamentous, thin-walled hyphae that are undifferentiated, except for the surface, or cuticular, hyphae.
	www.mykoweb.com /boletes/about.html (6787 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 1, 1, January, 1914 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The fundaments of the pileus and stem at this stage stain faintly in contrast with the deep stain of the surrounding fundamental tissue.
		The outline of the annular gill cavity, and the young hymenophore during the early stages, rises outwardly at an oblique angle from the stem.
		External to the pileus primordium and the upper portion of the stem fundament is a zone of fundamental tissue with an open mesh.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001118.html (1189 words)

	Smith, Selena Y., Randolph S. Currah, and Ruth A. Stockey. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)*
		Two fossil poroid hymenophore fragments, one Cretaceous, the other Eocene, were obtained from marine calcareous concretions collected on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
		The poroid hymenophore is a characteristic of a number of extant basidiomycete taxa, including the Boletales, Poriales and Hymenochaetales.
		It is unlikely that the fleshy, ephemeral, terrestrial basidiomata of the Boletales would be preserved in a marine environment and thus the specimens are interpreted as belonging to basidiomycete lineages with persistent, leathery or corky basidiomata.
	www.botany2002.org /section7/abstracts/2.shtml (239 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Hymenophore 2/mm, poroid to irpiciform, Milky White.",roll 1 9+10,IJ;, - Ganodermataceae/Polyporaceae,Ganoderma cf., -, -, -, -,Aphyllophorales,Polypore,JAM,128,06/09,Naomi Clum,NCC,998, -, -,"Cinchona Botanical Gardens, Blue Mts., Portland Parish", -,LM-WF,1433, -, -, -,18,5,7,76,40,30,stump, -, -, -,"Pileus 8-15 cm, Dark Gray Brown 20, just before margin Fawn Color 25, margin Milky White, zoned, bumpy, hard cruct, margin sterile, dry.
		Hymenophore poroid to irpiciform, 1-2/mm, Milky White, several tube layers, sessile.
		Hymenophore poroid, 10/mm, Cream color, very thin.",roll 4 exp 26-28,IJ;, - Polyporaceae, -, -, -, -, -,Aphyllophorales,Polypore,JAM,155,06/11,N. Clum,NCC,9920, -, -,"Hollywell Park, Fairyglade trail, 3/4 to CatherineOs Peak, St. Andrew Parish", -,LM-RF,1400, -, -, -,18,4,52,76,42,23,rotting log, -, -, -,"Fruiting body resupinate, pale Clay Pink 30 to pale Vinaceous Buff 31, dry.
	luq.lternet.edu /data/lterdb86/data/JamaicaFungi.csv (6917 words)

	aphllophorales lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Auriscalpiaceae: in California most typically characterized by a basidiocarp with a laterally attached stipe, a spinose hymenophore, a woody consistency, and a habitat growing out of conifer cones; pileus hirsute; dimitic; gloeocystidia darkening in sulpho-aldehyde; spores amyloid, minutely echinulate.
		Ganodermataceae: hymenophore porose; basidiocarp surface usually hard and often varnished; basidiospores with spines located from the inner wall but not projecting out of the outer wall.
		Thelephoraceae: basidiomes terrestrial, humicolous, or a few lignicolous; hymenophore smooth, warty, or wrinkled; spores ornamented, typically brown, non-amyloid, and non-cyanophilous; dark context becomes green with KOH due to thelephoric acid.
	www.humboldt.edu /~dll2/bot359b/aphyll/intaphy1.htm (373 words)

	Descriptions
		Hymenophore bright brick red, reddish brown or deep orange, drying darker.
		One collection (from Metrosideros bartlettii) had the hymenophore of many of the basidiomes eaten away by the larvae of a fly belonging to the Cecidomyidae.
		When the larval frass was squashed, ;he contents were found to be made up entirely of packets of hymenophore tissues of the fungus with the microscopic features intact.
	nzfungi.landcareresearch.co.nz /html/data_descriptions.asp?from=attributes&ID=06-XRH-77&NAMEPKey=422 (705 words)

	LABORATORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		hymenophore types- lamellate (with gills), porose or tubulose (with tubes), spinose, wrinkle to pitted, or smooth.
		Bolbitiaceae: basidiospores rusty brown and with an apical germ pores; pileus cuticle a derm (the hyphae are arranged perpendicular to the pileus surface and appear cellular in view (i.e.
		Lepiotaceae: basidiocarps with white spores; free gill attachment; sphaerocysts absent in the trama; gill trama not parallel to subparallel.
	www.humboldt.edu /~dll2/bot359b/agar/intagar1.htm (381 words)

	Palaeos Fungi: Glossary A
		The hymenophore is a collective term for the fleshy structures that bear the hymenium.
		Thus, in a gilled mushroom, all the gills constitute the hymenophore, and the hymenium is the layer of cells on the surface of those gills.
		Although the hymenophore may be convoluted and enclosed within the fruiting body, the hymenium still has to be, in some sense, on the 'outside' of the hymenophore in order for either of these structure to qualify for their names.
	www.palaeos.com /Fungi/Lists/Glossary/GlossaryA.html (2198 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It is characterized by a hairy, orange-brown pileus and an orange, smooth hymenophore.
		This species is characterized by the zoned, dark grey, somewhat hairy pileus and the purplish to dark purple, smooth hymenophore.
		This species is characterized by the brownish, zoned pilues and the smooth brown, smooth hymenophore in which setae are found.
	www.humboldt.edu /~dll2/bot394/woodrot/stereum.htm (258 words)

	Hymenomycete - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Formerly a taxonomic group of basidiomycetes, now understood as polyphyletic assemblage of basidiomycetes, the term refers to fungi with fruit bodies whose hymenophore develops either not enclosed or only so with a veil (velum), which is called a gymnocarpic or hemiangiocarpic ontogeny, respectively.
		Puffballs, on the other hand, have gasterocarpic development (hymenophore enclosed).
		This page was last modified 20:34, 26 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hymenomycete (79 words)

	Descriptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Hymenophore dark brown (5E6) to very dark brown.
		One packet labelled "best" and "pale brick" in Colenso's handwriting contains several almost intact basidiomes in a good state of preservation, all showing pale brown (5D4) hymenophores with a faint glaucous sheen, whereas all the other specimens, including the type, are very dark brown in the dried state.
		but the latter has a hymenophore of a different colour, smaller, tetrasporic basidia, no hyphoid pleurocystidia, and sometimes a rudimentary stipe.
	nzfungi.landcareresearch.co.nz /html/data_descriptions.asp?from=attributes&ID=06-XRH-77&NAMEPKey=16352 (752 words)

	Glossário
		hymenophore: C surface bearing the hymenium M the organs covered by the hymenial layer (lamellae, tubes, spines etc.).
		mediostratum: the central strand of divergent hymenophoral trama.
		trama: C (hymenophoral) Fig 26, the mass of cells forming the 'flesh' of the fungus M in wider sense the flesh of a fruiting body, in narrower sense the lamellae trama, cap trama, stipe trama excluding surface tissue (subcuticle, hypoderm, cortex, subhymenium, etc.).
	www.dbio.uevora.pt /ectoiberica/GUME/Glossary.html (6315 words)

	Abstract 3137 from Intl. Bot. Congress 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		PHYLOGENY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE POROID HYMENOPHORE IN THE HYMENOCHAETACEAE
		Hymenophore pore layer presence-absence is a major feature of generic descriptions in the Hymenochaetaceae, morphologies vary from corticoid Hymenochaete to poroid Phellinus.
		Thus, poroid hymenophore evolution does not appear to be monophyletic in this family.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/ibc99/ibc/abstracts/listen/abstracts/3137.html (133 words)

	Australian Biological Resources Study - Fungi of Australia GLOSSARY
		boletinoid: of a hymenophore, with a structure intermediate between lamellae and pores.
		fruit-body: a general term for the multicellular spore-bearing structures in both macrofungi and microfungi; alternative terms are carpophore, sporocarp and sporophore; hymenophore has a more restricted meaning.
		hymenophore: a spore-bearing structure (a fruit-body), especially a basidioma, or that portion of it bearing the hymenium.
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/glossaries/fungi/index.html (10621 words)

	Stereum hirsutum (skórnik szorstki)
		Hymenophore smooth; fresh vivid orange-yellow or ochre, in old specimens ochre or light brown, brown-orange.
		Hymenophore in faded colours of ochre, coffee and milk (neither yellow nor orange).
		Hymenophore has toned colours of pale orange-yellow, brown-ochre, grey-ochre.
	www.grzyby.pl /gatunki/Stereum_hirsutum.htm (618 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Cantharellus cibarius can be recognized by the hymenophore which is ridged and blunt-edged, the smooth pileus, and the Clitocyboid stature.
		Cantharellus formosus is recognized by the convex shape of the pileus, the pinkish color of the hymenophore and of the basidiospore deposite, and the tendency of the hymenophore to stain brown.
		pallidifolius is associated with tanbark oak, has a hymenophore that is usually composed of blunt ridges or folds that may become poroid, and the pileus is more irregular in shape and paler yellow in color.
	www.humboldt.edu /~dll2/bot360/mushroom/htmfiles/ccib.htm (182 words)

	Evolution of gilled mushrooms and puffballs inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences -- Hibbett et al. 94 (22): 12002 -- ...
		Derivation of Gasteromycetes from Hymenomycetes involves the evolution of an enclosed hymenophore.
		In addition to the evolution of an enclosed hymenophore, derivation of Gasteromycetes from Hymenomycetes entails changes in
		In the absence of ballistospory, diverse spore dispersal mechanisms have evolved among Gasteromycetes (28).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/22/12002 (3134 words)

	Mycology at Oregon State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Cap can be broad, depressed, or hollow in centre with large scales and a lobed margin.
		Hymenophore surface is white, buff, yellow, or ochre with blunt, shallow, forking, decurrent veins.
		Stalk is continuous with cap and can be centred or off-centre, tapering toward the base and becoming hollow with age.
	scarab.cordley.orst.edu /shrooms/webpages/text/gom_flo.html (96 words)

	Kretzer 1996
		Other characters that have been used to differentiate Boletinus from Suillus are the presence of clamp connections, a sterile stipe surface without glandular dots and the absence of fasciculate encrusted pleurocystidia.
		Finally, the most primitive clade within Suillus sensu lato seems to be formed by organisms with a very pronounced boletinoid hymenophore, that is with radially strongly elongated pores.
		It seems that the boletinoid hymenophore represents an intermediate evolutionary state between the gills found in related genera such as Gomphidius and Chroogomphus and the pores found in Suillus.
	plantbio.berkeley.edu /~bruns/papers/kretzer1996.html (3473 words)

	BOT 461/561: Lecture#11
		Basidiocarp - pileus that taper gradually to a stalk (cantharelloid) and may have a deeply depressed pileus center (funnel shaped)
		Folds in hymenophore resemble shallow attached gills that descend down the stalk
		Pileus may be zoned as in Trametes but the pores of the hymenophore are minute compared to the large diameter pores of Trametes
	www.oregonstate.edu /Dept/botany/mycology/bot461/class/lecture11.html (979 words)

	Leccinum in Costa Rica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Context not changing to blue green or dark blue in the lower half of the stipe; stipe scabers caramel colored to light brown.
		Pileus dark reddish brown; hymenophore yellow; stipe scabers tan to gray brown; stipe surface developing some red or yellow tones.
		Pileus light gray brown to tan; hymenophore white to orangish white; stipe scabers gray to fl; stipe surface white.
	www.nybg.org /bsci/res/hall/lecckey.html (285 words)

	hymenophore - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "hymenophore" is defined.
		Hymenophore : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		hymenophore : Webster's Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=hymenophore (118 words)

	Cretaceous and Eocene poroid hymenophores from Vancouver Island, British Columbia -- Smith et al. 96 (1): 180 -- ...
		Cretaceous and Eocene poroid hymenophores from Vancouver Island, British Columbia -- Smith et al.
		Cretaceous and Eocene poroid hymenophores from Vancouver Island, British Columbia
		Two fossil poroid hymenophore fragments, one from the Cretaceous
	www.mycologia.org /cgi/content/abstract/96/1/180 (293 words)

	Hydnellum caeruleum, the blue and orange Hydnellum. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for August 2003
		The gilled mushrooms belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and produce their spores on basidia, which are club-shaped structures that can be found lining the hymenophore (spore-bearing surface).
		Within the Basidiomycota, the mushroom (fruiting body) most often produces gills to bear the basidia, but there are a wide variety of other ways the surface area is increased, like pores, folds, or even in sacs.
		Although almost all toothed fungi were once placed in the genus Hydnum based on this one hymenophore character, modern systematics now recognizes many genera, at least 37 in at least 13 families.
	botit.botany.wisc.edu /toms_fungi/aug2003.html (1547 words)

	Artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Most of medicinal ingredients of G. lucidum are contained in its pileus (hymenophore).
		In order to produce "good" G. lucidum with striking medicinal effects, it is important to use good kinds of G. lucidum and to bring G. lucidum into thick pileus.
		The G. lucidum, which has thin hymenophore, is of low value.
	www.toi-reishi.com /reishi-cultivation.htm (2278 words)

	CA Boletes -- Gastroboletus subalpinus
		Context 0.3-1.5 cm thick at disc, soft, white or sometimes with sordid yellowish to olivaceous zones, in some slowly staining pinkish to grayish lavender when cut.
		Gleba tubulose, the tubes 1-3 cm long, but markedly diminished in length in both directions from the broadest point of the hymenophore; grayish yellow ("dark olive-buff" to "pale olive-buff"), with age becoming olive brown ("buffy citrine" to "citrine-drab").
		Tubes occasionally oriented vertically near the stipe-columella, but mostly curved and oriented 20 degrees from vertical to horizontal, or angled upward near edges of the hymenophore; pores small, less than 1 mm broad, concolorous with tubes, unchanging when bruised.
	www.mykoweb.com /boletes/species/Gastroboletus_subalpinus.html (501 words)

	Tylopilus ferrugineus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Both pileus and stipe are deep reddish-brown, the hymenophore, at first white, becomes fleshy-pink, and the mild, white context stains pinkish-reddish when cut.
		A similar species is Tylopilus badiceps (Peck) A.
		Smith and Thiers, with paler brown colors in pileus and stipe, and usually beveled margin.
	www.cortland.edu /nsf/BOLETES/5336TYFE.HTML (46 words)

	Mycotaxon: Volume 89 Article Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		ABSTRACT: Antrodiella micra (Basidiomycota, Aphyllophorales) from northeastern China is described and illustrated.
		It has resupinate or effused-reflexed basidiocarps, snow-white hymenophore when fresh, small pores (7-9 per mm), small and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, and it grows on wood of angiosperms decayed by some species of the Hymenochaetaceae.
		The new species resembles A. pallasii, which has pale yellowish pore surface when fresh, and somewhat larger pores (6-7 per mm).
	www.mycotaxon.com /vol/abstracts/89/89-389.html (126 words)

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