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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hypaspist
		The hypaspists were an elite infantry unit in the army of Philip II of Macedon and his son, Alexander the Great.
		There is some debate about the arms and armour that the hypaspists carried; however, as the campaign went on Alexander re-fitted most of his troops, and the hypaspists adapted well to the guerrilla warfare required in Bactria and Sogdia between 329 and 327 BC.
		Anson, E.M. Alexander's Hypaspists and the Argyraspids" Historia 30 (1981)117-120 -+-
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hypaspist (363 words)

	Hypaspists - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Hypaspistai, or hypaspists (shieldbearers), were elite foot guardsmen as used by Alexander the Great's Macedonian army.They often fought on the right of the Foot Companions; the right was the position of honor in most Greek armies.
		The hypaspists were raised from the whole kingdom rather than on a cantonal basis; they were the King's Army rather than the army of the kingdom.
		Alexander was subsequently to reorganise the whole army along these lines in order to strengthen his authority over the otherwise powerful local allegiance felt by his men.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hypaspists (247 words)

	[TMP] "Confusion over Macedonian units and titles" Topic
		The Hypaspists may have fought equipped as phalangites, or as fast-moving hoplites as depicted in the film and possibly on the Alexander sarcophagus.
		Hypaspists were lighter armored than the phalangites (no leg greaves).
		Hypaspists and peltasts often followed in the wake of the Companion Cavalry to dispatch broken troops.
	theminiaturespage.com /boards/msg.mv?id=125956 (927 words)

	Hypaspists
		Hypaspistai, or hypaspists (shieldbearers), were elite foot guardsmen as used by Alexander the Great's Macedonian army.
		They often fought on the right of the Foot Companions; the right was the position of honor in most Greek armies.
		The hypaspists were raised from the whole kingdom rather than on a cantonal basis; they were the King's Army rather than the army of the kingdom.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/hy/hypaspists.html (254 words)

	Battle of Gaugamela
		Bessus commanded the left flank with the Bactrians and Scythians and Mazaeus[?] commanded the right flank with the Syrian and Median cavalry.
		Alexander commanded the Macedonian right flank himself, with the Companion cavalry[?] and the Hypaspists[?], and Parmenio[?] the left flank, with the Thessalian and greek allied cavalry.
		Alexander turned his line and charged this gap with a wedge consisting of the Companion cavalry and the Hypaspists.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Battle_of_Gaugamela.html (499 words)

	Hypaspists - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Hypaspistai, or hypaspists (shieldbearers), were elite foot guardsmen as used by Alexander the Great's Macedonian army.They often fought on the right of the Foot Companions; the right was the position of honor in most Greek armies.
		The hypaspists were raised from the whole kingdom rather than on a cantonal basis; they were the King's Army rather than the army of the kingdom.
		Alexander was subsequently to reorganise the whole army along these lines in order to strengthen his authority over the otherwise powerful local allegiance felt by his men.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Hypaspist (247 words)

	Good ex. of historically accurate Macedonian army? - Total War Center Forums
		It is more likely that the Hypaspists fought as phalangites (pikemen) in the same model as the pezhetairoi in pitched battle, and as flexible heavy infantry when tackling special missions or rough ground.
		Hypaspists on the right flank to attack there since they are considered the strongest infantry units and they are used to break down the enemy Left (Alexander's right) as Alexander and the cavalry flank and destroy the enemy Left.
		Perhaps the hypaspists and the phalanx taxis nearest were pursuing the defeated Persian infantry reserves.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?p=2279407#post2279407 (2207 words)

	TALK:HYPASPISTS : Encyclopedia Entry
		As I understand it, the Hypaspists are a more mobile fighting force than the phalangites (foot companions).
		They did not fight in a phalanx but could move around a lot faster to aid the Cavalry wherever they were needed.
		Yes, the Hypaspists was a mobile fighting force, the were the elite of the ancient Macedonian infantry, but they fought in a phalanx, however, not as the Pezhetairoi, but as Hoplites.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Talk:Hypaspists (313 words)

	Alexander's battles
		This forest of spades erects a formidable obstacle against all forms of attack, traditional phalange, cavalry, and even elephantery; because an elephant which was wounded by a lance never does not forget the danger that it represents; it moves back, thus giving the bad example to his comrades neophytes.
		The hypaspists were used for the diversions, with the steps of night, fast forwardings...
		Frightened by the violence and the brusqueness of this attack, Cardaques hardly resist and release foot, vigorously continued by all the line Macedonian which, as soon as it conquered the sufficient ground, carries out a change of direction towards the left so as to form a hook with the line of the taxeis.
	pagesperso-orange.fr /miltiade/GB/alexander's_battles.htm (3837 words)

	Macedonian Unit Organisation
		It is reasonable to assume Macedonian guards, the Hypaspists, were unlikely to have been sent in the advance force, as Philip's domestic situation was far from secure: his guards were needed at home.
		However at Hydaspes (Arrian 5.13.4) we are told of the Royal Hypaspists, the Royal Agema, and the rest of the Hypaspists, and he unconvincingly argues that the first is a subgroup of the second.
		When the Hypaspists were enlarged to 3000, the 500-strong units could be enlarged to 1000 men each, to give 3 units of 1000, or alternatively the two 500-strong units would be brigaded together and the others increased to 1000 each.
	www.ritsumei.ac.jp /~luv20009/GranicusNotes.html (2788 words)

	pothos.org - About Alexander's Army
		What is certain is that the hypaspists were outstanding infantry troops who were capable of performing a wide range of tasks.
		Common sense indicates the hypaspists must have been, in one way or another, a flexible and mobile adaption of the original Greek hoplite.
		It may have been that the hypaspists adopted this new name, or that the argyraspids were veteran units recruited from both hypaspist and phalanx battalions.
	www.pothos.org /content/index.php?page=army (3519 words)

	DBM Asiatic Early Successor Lists - Eumenid
		What Diodoros calls Hypaspists were in Alexander's time seemingly Persian guardsmen and to judge from Alexander's funeral vehicle, armed with traditional Persian spears.
		The Hypaspists of Eumenes are likely to have been (at least some of) these same Persians, since Peukestas was the satrap of Persian, and a keen promoter of Persian customs.
		Another theory is that Eumenes' Hypaspists were remnants of Alexander's Pezetairoi, cobbled together as a unit from the satraps' guards.
	www.ritsumei.ac.jp /se/~luv20009/EumenidDBM.html (1375 words)

	DBM - Alexandrian Imperial
		Most of the hypaspists and many of the other phalangites were sent west in 324 BC, and were replaced by Persian equivalents.
		Hypaspists: These were now 3000 strong, and perhaps even 4000 strong, since it is possible some younger ones remained after 3000 were sent home westwards in 324 BC - presumably the Macedonian guards depicted along with the Persian guards on Alexander's funeral vehicle, in which case they would probably be 1000 strong.
		At times Alexander took half his hypaspists on side expeditions, and since they were organised in units of 1000, a total of 3000 is not as easy to explain as a total of 4000.
	www.ritsumei.ac.jp /~luv20009/AlexImpDBM.html (1977 words)

	Royal Pikemen; Long Pikes? [Archive] - The Guild
		BTW hypaspist just means protector so it gives no real indication as to weather their spears were long or not.
		And it stated categorically that Hypaspists were equipped in a similar fashion as hoplites.
		While I can't remember if there is any direct reference to Hypaspists being armed like hoplites they were indeed very capable in melee with swords taking walls and fortresses, often the first in.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/archive/index.php/t-41874.html (307 words)

	Macedonian Unit Organisation
		It is reasonable to assume Macedonian guards, the Hypaspists, were unlikely to have been sent in the advance force, as Philip's domestic situation was far from secure: his guards were needed at home (Alexander was in exile, plotting his return at the time).
		These 4000 men are Pezetairoi (or Hypaspists, but this doesn't alter the argument if the Hypaspists were organised in a similar manner) because each man uses his 'sarissa' (pike) to level crops as he advances (1.3.4).
		When the Hypaspists were enlarged to 3000 men at Susa, the 500-strong units could be enlarged to 1000 men each, to give 3 units of 1000, or alternatively the two 500-strong units would be brigaded together and the others increased to 1000 each.
	www.ne.jp /asahi/luke/ueda-sarson/GranicusNotes.html (4075 words)

	Nicanor, son of Parmenion - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary)
		Nicanor commanded the elite Macedonian infantry regiment of the hypaspists, until his death, from illness, in 330 BC.
		We cannot be sure exactly when Nicanor took command of the hypaspists, although it is likely that the appointment followed Alexander's succession, following the murder of Philip (see Pausanias, assassin of Philip II) in 336 BC.
		He commanded the elite Macedonian infantry regiment of the hypaspists, until his death, from illness, in 330 BC.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Nicanor,_son_of_Parmenion (134 words)

	DBM - Alexandrian Expeditionary
		At least 8 elements of hypaspists and 1 of Companions must be in the CinC's command.
		Hypaspists: The core of every expedition, they later had a stronger establishment than initially, but by then, typically only half were taken, so the maximum number allowed is not as high as might be expected.
		Agrianians and archers: Alexander's favoured strike force on any expedition, their numbers were expanded later on, but unlike the hypaspists, they were sometimes still all taken.
	www.ritsumei.ac.jp /~luv20009/AlexExpDBM.html (584 words)

	TOTALWAR.COM
		Most armies of Alexander's period were based heavily around hoplite infantry which operated in a tight phalanx formation and was therefore fairly slow-moving.
		He drilled them to operate in a wedge formation which concentrated the force of their charge into a single point and was devastating when employed against and enemy's flank or rear quarters.
		These were light to medium spearmen whose great strength was their ability to operate in a range of roles, filling in the gaps left by the heavier units.
	www.totalwar.com /microsites/en/alexander/newuni.htm (434 words)

	pothos.org - The Hypaspists, an elite infantry regiment
		The hypaspists were the elite infantry unit in the army of both Philip II and Alexander III.
		When Alexander crossed to Asia in 334 BC he had with him three battalions of hypaspists, each of 1,000 men.
		Nicanor died (of natural causes) in 330 BC; at some point after his death Alexander appointed as their new commander Seleucus, who later became satrap of Babylonia, and then king of much of the eastern empire.
	www.pothos.org /content/index.php?page=the-hypaspists (262 words)

	War Flute Ordo :: View topic - Alexander's Inheritance
		I stand to be corrected, but I thought the Hypaspists always acted as a link between the companions and the pike phalanx.
		If there are examples of the hypaspists being used as seperate units on different parts of the battlefield then fair enough, let them do so.
		Personally I like the idea that the Hypaspists fought only as roughly hoplite style phalangites in big battles but were also perfectly capable of acting as sort of super peltasts in the much more common sieges and skirmishes of day to day campaigning.
	www.warflute.org /ordo/viewtopic.php?t=467 (1041 words)

	First match: Gaugamela \| Strategos \| BoardGameGeek
		Alexander has phalanxes in the center, while veteran hypaspists, companion heavy cavalry and his own guard are deployed in the right wing, with a lone average light cavalry to protect their flank.
		His plan is to try a strike on his left, hitting the macedonian light cavalry hard thus menacing the companions and hypaspists flank, but this attacks fails, due primarly to the poor quality of the troops involved.
		In the right, the hypaspists, companions and Alexander guard strike hard but the persian cavalry manage to resist.
	www.boardgamegeek.com /geekforum.php3?action=viewthread&articleid=934087 (414 words)

	Silver shields [Archive] - The Guild
		altough the hypaspists were fague, there were sometimes metioned as spearthrowers.
		Alexander changed the Hypaspists into the Argyraspists when he stood on the brink of entering India (at some river).
		There he gave the 2000 or so most experienced Hypaspists and normal pikemen, silver shields and from then on they fought as pikemen almost exclusively (they had fought as pikemen as well earlier, but as mentioned they had done it all).
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/archive/index.php/t-44145.html (394 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		He intended to hold Antigonus' charge while using his elite Argyraspides phalanx to win in the center just as they had done at Paraitacene.
		The Argyraspides were a unit of Alexander's veteran hypaspists who had fought under Philip and then Alexander.
		Despite the fact that these battle hardened veterans were old enough to be their opponents' grandfathers, they were still highly respected and thought to be invincible in combat.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=battle_of_Gabiene (1061 words)

	Hypaspists - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary)
		Nicanor died (of natural causes) in 330 BC; at some point after his death their new commander was Seleucus, who later became satrap and then king of much of the eastern empire.
		E.M. Anson, "The Hypaspists: Macedonia's Professional Citizen-Soldiers", Historia 34, 1985, pp.246-248
		R.D. Milns, "Philip II and the Hypaspists", Historia 16, 1967, pp.509-512
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Hypaspists (223 words)

	[No title]
		Seleucus commands the Parthian cavalry on the left wing (opposing Demetrius, again at the head of the Hetairoi), with Craterus at his side, commanding the Bactrians.
		Craterus faces the overlapping end of the very large Antigonid phalanx: the Hypaspists and Spartans with Antigonus himself in command.
		This opens the way for both Antigonid flanks to be overwhelmed on the next turn, and Seleucus takes the enemy phalanx in the rear.
	www.grognard.com /xtr/reviews/alex.txt (3130 words)

	Royal Hypaspists
		The armament of the Macedonian hypaspist or Royal Shield bearer is difficult to pin down.
		It isn't clear when the hypaspist changed equipment from a light hoplite as pictured here to a phalangite, in fact they may have been equipped and ready for all occaisions.
		It is clear however that on guard duty the Hypaspist used a more normal sized spear since a famous anecdote relates how the hypaspists carried their spears in the Royal tent..
	www.ancientbattles.com /MacPhotos/AlexHypaspistsjjonas00.htm (198 words)

	Alexander's Battle Formation (image) [Archive] - Armchair General Forums
		Hypaspists on the right flank are special shield bearers-the best men in the army.
		This is because the phalanx carriers those enormous pikes pointing forward and if an attack comes from the right flank the phalanx may have a hard time turning right to face the attack.
		Under the square labeled "Hypaspists" it says "Elite heavy cavalry" which is an error.
	www.armchairgeneral.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-56261.html (147 words)

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