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Topic: Hypercalcemia

Related Topics

Hypocalcaemia

Paraneoplastic phenomenon

Renal cell carcinoma

Inflammatory breast cancer

Cancer

Breast cancer

Lung cancer

Parathyroid gland

Calcium in biology

Colon cancer

EDTA

Vomiting

Symptom

Hypokalemia

Ulcer

	Hypercalcemia
		Humoral hypercalcemia is mediated by circulating factors secreted by malignant cells without evidence of bony disease.[5,6] It is now believed that hypercalcemia is due to the release of factors by malignant cells that ultimately cause calcium reabsorption from bone.[1] One such factor is a PTH-like protein known as parathyroid hormone-related protein or peptide (PTHrP).
		Rapid diagnosis of hypercalcemia may be complicated because symptoms associated with hypercalcemia are characteristically nonspecific and are easily attributed to chronic or terminal illness.[1,2] Symptom severity may be due in part to confounding factors such as previous cancer treatment, drug-disease state interactions, or comorbid pathologies.
		Symptoms of hypo- or hypercalcemia are due to abnormalities in the ionized fraction of the plasma calcium concentration.
	www.medhelp.org /lib/cancernet/304462.htm (2760 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hypercalcemia
		Hypercalcemia is an excessive amount of calcium in the blood.
		Hypercalcemia affects from 0.1 to 1% of the population.
		Patients with hypercalcemia secondary to conditions such as cancer or granulomatous disease may have a poor prognosis due to the underlying disease itself rather than to the hypercalcemia.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000365.htm (723 words)

	p000320b - Hepatic Malignancies and Hypercalcemia
		Abstract: Hypercalcemia is a relatively common problem seen in the presence of malignancy, and is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder in patients with cancer.
		It is estimated that hypercalcemia occurs in 10% to 20% of patients with cancer.
		Hypercalcemia of unknown cause was found in eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (5.3%) and seven with cholangiocarcinoma (17.5%).
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/p000320b.html (546 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - Hypercalcemia in Dogs: Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
		Hypercalcemia can be toxic to all body tissues, but major deleterious effects are on the kidneys, nervous system, and cardiovascular system.
		Diseases result in hypercalcemia by causing increased bone resorption of calcium, decreased renal excretion of calcium, increased GI absorption of calcium, increased serum binding of calcium to proteins/complexes, or a combination of these processes.
		Nonpathologic conditions associated with hypercalcemia include non-fasting (minimal increase), physiologic growth of young animals, laboratory error, and spurious as a result of lipemia or detergent contamination of the sample/tube.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00156.htm (1573 words)

	Hypercalcemia: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hypercalcemia is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder associated with neoplastic diseases, occurring in an estimated 10% to 20% of all adults with cancer.
		Hypercalcemia is associated with increased myocardial contractility and irritability.
		Glucocorticoids have efficacy as hypocalcemic agents primarily in steroid-responsive tumors (e.g., lymphomas and myeloma) and in patients whose hypercalcemia is associated with increased vitamin D synthesis or intake (sarcoidosis and hypervitaminosis D).
	www.acor.org /cnet/62737.html (7551 words)

	Hypercalcemia
		Hypercalcemia is an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood, usually more than 10.5 milligrams per deciliter of blood.
		Hypercalcemia generally develops as a late complication of cancer and the expected outlook is grim without effective anticancer therapy.
		Dietary calcium restriction is not necessary because hypercalcemia reduces absorption of calcium in the intestine.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/hypercalcemia.jsp (1846 words)

	Hypercalcemia
		Hypercalcemia is an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.
		Hypercalcemia may be a symptom of a chronic inflammatory disease called sarcoidosis.
		The most common causes of hypercalcemia are: poor kidney function, hyperparathyroidism, cancer, excessive intake of vitamin D, and therapy for peptic ulcers.
	www.mamashealth.com /blood/hypercal.asp (307 words)

	Hypercalcemia
		Hypercalcemia is a disorder in which the level of calcium in the blood is too high.
		However, hypercalcemia may cause such high levels of calcium in the body that the kidneys are overworked and become unable to excrete the excess.
		Response to treatment is shown by the disappearance of the symptoms of hypercalcemia and a decrease in the level of calcium in the blood.
	www.medhelp.org /lib/cancernet/504462.htm (2424 words)

	Acute Hypercalcemia
		Acute Hypercalcemia Associated with Malignancy: Bone resorption, local bone destruction and enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium are believed to be responsible for hypercalcemia associated with malignancy.
		The optimal administration rate of NaCl 0.9% is deter mined by the severity of hypercalcemia, the degree of volume contraction, the ability of the patient to tolerate fluid, and the overall clinical status of the patient.
		Therapy to treat acute hypercalcemia should be selected carefully with specific patient goals of preventing the consequences of acute hypercalcemia by decreasing serum calcium concentrations and preventing adverse experiences from antihypercalcemic medications.
	www.uspharmacist.com /oldformat.asp?url=newlook/files/feat/acf2e94.htm (2160 words)

	Hypercalcemia- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Hypercalcemia is too much calcium in the blood.
		Variations in the cause of hypercalcemia and the extent to which hypercalcemia is a clinical problem factor into the decision-making process.
		In hypercalcemia of malignancy (cancer), more specific therapy is required including a bisphosphonate, which lowers blood calcium levels.
	www.healthcentral.com /encyclopedia/408/590/Hypercalcemia.html (240 words)

	American Family Physician: A practical approach to hypercalcemia
		The principal challenges in the management of hypercalcemia are distinguishing primary hyperparathyroidism from conditions that will not respond to parathyroidectomy and knowing when it is appropriate to refer the patient for surgery.
		Evaluation of a patient with hypercalcemia (Figure 2) should include a careful history and physical examination focusing on clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia, risk factors for malignancy, causative medications, and a family history of hypercalcemia-associated conditions (e.g., kidney stones).
		Hypercalcemia mediated by excessive vitamin D responds to a short course of glucocorticoids if the underlying disease is treated.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_9_67/ai_102223717 (1255 words)

	eMedicine - Hypercalcemia : Article by Robin R Hemphill, MD, MPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hypercalcemia of this disorder may remain mild for long periods because some parathyroid adenomas respond to the feedback generated by the elevated calcium levels.
		Hypercalcemia associated with malignancy commonly is the result of breast or lung cancer and is caused by increased osteoclastic activity within the bone.
		Hypercalcemia associated with malignancy: Unlike PTH-mediated hypercalcemia, the elevation of calcium that results from malignancy generally worsens until therapy is provided.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic260.htm (4070 words)

	Zometa International - Understanding Hypercalcemia
		One of the causes of hypercalcemia is an increased amount of calcium being release from bone, as occurs in bone metastases (3, 4).
		Another cause of hypercalcemia is that the kidneys are not functioning correctly and are unable to filter enough calcium to lower blood levels to normal (3,4).
		Finally, a third cause of hypercalcemia is an increased absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract (this is a rare cause) (4).
	zometa.com /hcp/patient/un_hypercalc/hypercal.jsp (560 words)

	CANCER ASSOCIATED HYPERCALCEMIA
		Hypercalcemia is reported to occur in 10-20% of patients with malignancies.
		Hypercalcemia may be associated with BONE METASTASES in patients with solid tumors eg.
		Hypercalcemia is associated with a decreased effect of ADH on the renal tubules, leading to dehydration.
	www.uic.edu /classes/pmpr/pmpr652/Final/bressler/cancerhyper.html (1304 words)

	eMedicine - Hypercalcemia : Article by Ilene A Claudius, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In adults, hypercalcemia is the primary malignancy-associated endocrine/electrolyte disorder; it is present in 5% of all malignancies, or in 15 per 100,000 total patients.
		Williams syndrome, which is associated with a deletion of genes on chromosome 7, occurs as transient neonatal hypercalcemia, perhaps secondary to increased sensitivity to vitamin D. The syndrome is associated with characteristic elfin facies, mental retardation, and supravalvular aortic stenosis.
		Hypercalcemia may appear in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure due to the PTH increase stimulated by hyperphosphatemia.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1062.htm (5332 words)

	Hypercalcemia
		The main causes of hypercalcemia due to cancer are an increase in the amount of calcium absorbed from the bones, and an inability of the kidneys to excrete excess calcium.
		Because hypercalcemia effects quality of life and can be life-threatening if not treated, patients and their care givers should be aware of the symptoms.
		Hypercalcemia usually develops as a late complication of cancer, and its appearance is very serious.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cancer.gov/CDR0000062810.html (2673 words)

	Hypercalcemia
		Hypercalcemia is an increased level of calcium in the bloodstream.
		Treatment for hypercalcemia is based on a number of factors, including the condition of the patient and the severity of the hypercalcemia.
		The rate of hydration is based upon the severity of the hypercalcemia, the severity of dehydration and the ability of the patient to tolerate rehydration.
	www.caring4cancer.com /999.aspx (1760 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Understanding hypercalcemia
		In contrast to humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, local osteolytic hypercalcemia occurs when tumor growth in the skeleton leads to the release of calcium, presumably through the elaboration or stimulation of local cytokines and other osteoclast-activating factors.
		Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, previously referred to as benign familial hypercalcemia, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by a deactivating mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor in the parathyroids and the renal nephron (2).
		Unlike all other non-PTH-mediated forms of hypercalcemia, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and hypercalcemia due to lithium therapy usually are associated with normal to moderately elevated PTH levels.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2004/04_04/inzucchi.htm (2333 words)

	The Use of Zoledronic Acid, a Novel, Highly Potent Bisphosphonate, for the Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy -- ...
		The hypercalcemia of cancer: clinical implications and pathogenic mechanisms.
		Incidence of hypercalcemia in patients with malignancy referred to a comprehensive cancer center.
		Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/7/6/481 (4267 words)

	American Family Physician: Additional causes of hypercalcemia in infants
		In addition to the causes of hypercalcemia that were listed in the article, family physicians who take care of infants also may want to consider other etiologies (see accompanying table).
		The most common causes are iatrogenic administration of calcium (generally intravenously) and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, of which Williams syndrome is the severe variant.
		As with adults, if hypercalcemia is confirmed with an elevated ionized calcium level, the measurement of intact parathyroid hormone level is the pivotal step in evaluation of the causative disorder.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_12_69/ai_n6159469 (404 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Management of hypercalcemia
		Treatment of the patient with primary hyperparathyroidism is based on the degree of hypercalcemia present and the severity of symptoms.
		Because hypercalcemia may be a preterminal event, appropriate therapy needs to be considered in the context of the patient's overall therapeutic goals.
		Hypercalcemia is a common metabolic condition encountered in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2004/05_04/inzucchi.htm (2476 words)

	Reversal of Hypercalcemia with the Vitamin D Analogue EB1089 in a Human Model of Squamous Cancer -- Abdaimi et al. 59 ...
		Reversal of Hypercalcemia with the Vitamin D Analogue EB1089 in a Human Model of Squamous Cancer -- Abdaimi et al.
		Reversal of Hypercalcemia with the Vitamin D Analogue EB1089 in a Human Model of Squamous Cancer
		Pharmacology and use in the treatment of tumor-induced hypercalcemia and metastatic bone disease.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/14/3325 (3249 words)

	Hypercalcemia
		The causes of hypercalcemia or excessive blood levels of calcium are fairly well established in animals as well as man. In reptiles, they may include:
		Hypercalcemia in turn causes bone defects, cardiac changes, shock, renal hypertension and failure and death at especially high levels.
		The best way to avoid hypercalcemia is to not go overboard on vitamin supplementation, including supplementing D3 through oral vitamins.
	www.anapsid.org /hypercal.html (222 words)

	UPC Diagnosis Series - Evaluating Abnormal Test Results - HYPERCALCEMIA - Common Causes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gavle, Sweden: Hypercalcemia in 1.1% (176 of 16,401 health screen participants) with albumin adjusted calcium > 10.4 mg/dL) both on initial screening and on follow-up two years later [ref].
		Hypercalcemia is uncommon in infants and children [ref].
		In hypercalcemia of malignancy, the age and gender distributions of the underlying malignancies are the prime determinant of the age and gender distribution of the hypercalcemia [ref].
	www.medicine.uiowa.edu /Path_Handbook/upcmd/01030/common_causes.html (235 words)

	► Hypercalcemia
		Too much PTH is an important cause of hypercalcemia.
		Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia over all and is the most common cause of excess PTH.
		High PTH also causes the excess of calcium seen in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), a condition of benign hypercalcemia.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/000365.htm (400 words)

	Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Hypercalcemia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Hypercalcemia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		About underlying conditions: With a diagnosis of Hypercalcemia, it is important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing Hypercalcemia.
		Hypercalcemia as a complication: Other conditions that might have Hypercalcemia as a complication might be potential underlying conditions.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /h/hypercalcemia/underly.htm (204 words)

	Hypercalcemia
		It should be noted that kidney failure causes hypercalcemia and hypercalcemia causes kidney failure.
		For these reasons, we want to be absolutely certain about the hypercalcemia before launching the expedition that is the hunt for hypercalcemia.
		It should be obvious from this discussion that treatment of hypercalcemia is highly dependent on finding the underlying cause and treating that.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_hypercalcemia.html (1884 words)

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