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Topic: Hypercycle

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	Universität Witten/Herdecke \| hypercycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the original context of chemistry, the hypercycle is a set of chemical reactions, which mutually catalyze the other reactions so that the chain of reactions becomes closed and forms a cycle.
		The hypercycle shows completely new properties as compared to the constituent parts; in particular, it includes mechanisms of self-organization and reproduction, if there is an inflow of structurally related matter-energy.
		Synergy is a general phenomenon in evolution which leads to the emergence of new units of selection, in the sense of "evolutionary ratcheting", that is, units of which the formerly independent parts can no longer reproduce without the specific functions that are realized by that unit.
	notesweb.uni-wh.de /wg/wiwi/wgwiwi.nsf/name/evec_hypercycle-EN (345 words)

	Botany online: How Did Life Evolve? Prerequisites being required for Development of Living Systems
		In a hypercycle, a nucleic acid instructs the synthesis of several or many same protein molecules that again participate in the synthesis of new nucleic acid molecules.
		As a consequence, mutations can accumulate in a hypercycle, too, since the dragging along of erroneous information (the so-called genetic load) has no significant disadvantage as long as the rate of production is higher than that of decay.
		A hypercycle containing information about the synthesis of proteins able to catalyze the production of required amino acids from their precursors, for example, would be superior.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e41/41b.htm (2362 words)

	Self-organization
		The origin of life itself from self-organizing chemical systems, in the theories of hypercycles and autocatalytic networks.
		As mentioned above, phenomenon from mathematics and computer science such as cellular automata, random graphs, and some instances of evolutionary computation and artificial life exhibit features of self-organization.
		Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster The Hypercycle: A principle of natural self-organization, 1979, Springer ISBN 0387092935
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/self_organization (1895 words)

	[hpv] Hypercycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		I heard the Hypercycle was actually based on the appearance of the Avitar 1000 SWB prototype which didn't go into production due to safety reasons.
		I have ridden Hypercycles on short rides and consider the handling extremely unsafe and would not ride one again on anything other than a perfectly smooth, flat road for a short distance at relatively low speed.
		I only took the Hypercycle over that loop to confirm to myself how bad the bike really is and don't recommend anyone else attempt to ride one over a bump.
	www.ihpva.org /pipermail/hpv/2001-April/015110.html (586 words)

	Preprint: Evolving Towards the Hypercycle: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This allows us to study the sequence evolution of hypercyclically coupled molecular replicators in addition to considering their population dynamics and spatial organization.
		We find the sequence evolution of each of the hypercyclically coupled populations proceeds (after an inital selection-dominated phase) in a drift-like manner that can be described by a diffusion process in sequence space.
		Kimura's theory of neutral evolution is therefore applicable on long time-scales despite the fact that the hypercycle exhibits extreme periodic changes in population sizes and that are governed solely by frequency-dependent selection.
	www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de /Publications/ABSTRACTS/04-012abs.html (174 words)

	Hypercycles
		Eigen and P. Schuster proposed the model of hypercycles [1], as a hypothetical stage of macromolecular evolution, which could follow quasispecies.
		According to (2),(3), the concentration dynamics in a particular hypercycle is described by the nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which were analyzed [1] by qualitative methods.
		In order to consider the hypercycles competition explicitly, let's suppose, that any coacervate splits into two parts, when its volume exceeds a certain critical value, and that the total volume of all types of hypercycles is restricted by some constant:
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /HYPERC.html (517 words)

	[hpv] Hypercycle
		Actually, I believe the HyperCycle was based on some stuff Julian Smith built in the 1960's...
		I > have ridden Hypercycles on short rides and consider the handling extremely > unsafe and would not ride one again on anything other than a perfectly > smooth, flat road for a short distance at relatively low speed.
		I only took the Hypercycle over that loop > to confirm to myself how bad the bike really is and don't recommend anyone > else attempt to ride one over a bump.
	www.ihpva.org /pipermail/hpv/2001-April/015113.html (676 words)

	Asia Pacific Arts Online Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		With a name derived from the scientific term used to define the theoretical stage in macromolecular evolution, L.A.'s Hypercycle, gave a pulsating and energetic performance by producing sporadic musical twists that expanded and contracted rhythmically.
		To get a better picture of Hypercycle's image, take the four Beatles (during their "Hard Day's Night" phase), add an Asian to the group, tousle their hair a bit, replace the pointed boots with some sneakers, and you've got the semi-modern equivalent of the Beatles only with more grunge and less clean cut.
		Despite Hypercycle's failed attempts at joke making, they were able to prove that they were not comedians but great musicians who have the potential to succeed; it just requires patience and a bit more practice on their part.
	www.asiaarts.ucla.edu /070303/20030703_hypercycle.html (679 words)

	AMA Superbike (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		HyperCycle principle Carry Andrew briefly stated today in a phone conversation with yours truly that he is through with AMA roadracing and will be "leaving the industry".
		Sources close to Suzuki and HyperCycle have stated to amasuperbike.com that Suzuki was fined $4000 per DQ for the latest infractions.
		Hypercycle's Jason Pridmore frequents this Web site quite often and did say in an Email to us last week that he was completely ignorant of the fact that the HyperCycle frames were illegal.
	www.superbikeplanet.com /n0727a.htm (232 words)

	Motorcycle Online: Daily News 3/19/98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Team HyperCycle Suzuki, which finished first and second in the March 6 Daytona Teamline 750 Supersport race, has been fined by the AMA a total of $8000 for illegal engine modifications.
		HyperCycle Suzuki riders Jason Pridmore and Nicky Hayden's Daytona results have been voided and their prize money forfeited.
		HyperCycle plans to appeal the ruling at the next round of the AMA MBNA Superbike series at Laguna Seca.
	www.motorcycle.net /mo/mcdaily98/day0319.html (613 words)

	Biological examples of MSTs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		hypercycle was developed by Eigen and Schuster (1979).
		Green arrows indicate the amplifying effect of one autocatalytic component on another (i.e., the presence of one component increases the rate of selfreproduction of another component).
		Thus, hypercycles may develop by duplicating of the original gene and subsequent differentiation of genes.
	pcp.lanl.gov /BIOLEXAM.html (932 words)

	NetLogo User Community Models: hypercycle
		The original concept of a hypercycle was critized by John Maynard Smith because a parasite molecule will destroy a hypercycle.
		Hogeweg and Boerlijst showed 1990 by using a cellular automata a hypercycle will be stable despite by an 'infection' of a parasite because of the spatial structures a hypercycle will emerge.
		Number of hypercycle states which are used in the current settings.
	ccl.northwestern.edu /netlogo/models/community/hypercycle (932 words)

	The Birth and Death Process of Hypercycle Spirals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The behavior of hypercycle spirals in a two-dimensional cellular automaton model is analyzed.
		A barrier exists between two spirals if the phase synchronization hypothesis is taken into account, and the occurrence rate of pair decay (the simultaneous disappearance of two spirals) can be explained by the random walk simulation with the barrier.
		A hypercycle system can live long if the spirals in the system are somewhat unstable, since new spirals cannot emerge when existing spirals are too stable.
	www.alife.org /alife8/abstracts/sub676 (134 words)

	Metasystem Transitions in Biology
		The idea of a hypercycle was developed by Eigen and Schuster (1979).
		Green arrows indicate augmenting effect of one autocatalytic component on another (i.e., the presence of one component increases the rate of selfreproduction of another component).
		These augmenting effects close in a bigger loop which is a hypercycle.
	www.gypsymoth.ento.vt.edu /~sharov/biosem/metasys/metasys.html (1431 words)

	Timo Niroma: Sunspots: Summary of supercycles and a hypercycle of 2289 years.
		Sunspots: Summary of supercycles and a hypercycle of 2289 years.
		Summary of supercycles and a hypercycle of 2289 years.
		The supercycle of Gleissberg (72-83 years) and the 200-year one (actually at least 180-220, possibly 170-230 years) are the most important short-range supercycles and have been treated in earlier parts.
	personal.inet.fi /tiede/tilmari/sunspot7.html (3101 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - hypercycle theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Keywords: fitness landscapes • hypercycle theory • information theory • percolation theory • self-organized criticality • simple living systems • statistical physics.
		Keywords: anticipatory systems • autopoiesis • cellular automata • computation • hypercycle theory • robotics.
		Keywords: hypercycle theory • origin of life • physicalism • reduction.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Keyword/H/HypercycleTh.html (107 words)

	hypercycle's Xanga Site
		I just wanted to let everybody know that Hypercycle is officially broken up.
		Hypercycle kicked out some jamz last night at LongBoards in San Diego.
		Hypercycle is playing at the RT’s Longboard Bar and Grill this Thursday in
	www.xanga.com /home.aspx?user=hypercycle (351 words)

	HYPERCYCLE
		Hypercycle Airducts (race version) for Suzuki GSX-R line
		Hypercycle Airducts (street performance version) for Suzuki GSX-R line
		Hypercycle Pressurized Airbox (race only) for GSXR Line
	www.hypercycle.com (120 words)

	GameDev.net - Game Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A evolutionary body that regulates the intrinsic intelligence of Living and Artifical Living systems.
		Developed in 1979 Eigen, M. and P. Schuster, hypercyclic systems have become primary factor in the study of evolving systems.
		Since 1999, the Bionic Bros. GmbH lauched the development of an ALife gaming system based on the Eigen - Schuster Proposal.
	www.gamedev.net /dict/term.asp?TermID=937 (75 words)

	VFR Discussion Group > Corbin seats from hypercycle
		I'm looking to get a Corbin Gunfighter and Lady seat as the stock is a literal pain in the ass.
		I tried the number for Hypercycle but only got a recorded message.
		Jan 13 2004, 06:44 PM If you email Hypercycle they should get back to you.
	www.vfrdiscussion.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t4790.html (1252 words)

	The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self Organization
		You may also be able to place a request for this book via these links: BN.com, Half.com, Books-A-Million, Overstock.com, and Powell's Books
		Choose shipping options for a more accurate estimate of shipping price and delivery time
	isbn.nu /0387092935 (321 words)

	Publications
		with P. Schuster and R. Wolff, Dynamical Systems under Constant Organization Part 1:A Model for Catalytic Hypercycles, Bull.
		with P. Schuster and R. Wolff, Dynamical Systems Under Constant Organization Part 3: Cooperative and Competitive Behavior of Hypercycles, J.
		with P. Schuster, A Mathematical Model of the Hypercycle, Dynamics of Synergetic Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, (1980), pp.
	homepage.univie.ac.at /Karl.Sigmund/publications.html (2297 words)

	Symmetry-breaking and Molecular Evolution/2
		The linkage to nucleotide coenzymes such as NAD would have served to create a bifurcation of redox potential in the molecular milieu contributing to the diversity of reacting species.
		This gives at least one possible role for Eigen's hypercycle concept however the process could have also been more chaotic, consisting of a population of molecules undergoing various generic transformations with net inflow of carboxylic acids and net emission of CO and transfer of H, due to generic transformations as illustrated in fig 11(b).
		Several steps may have been driven by sunlight photolysis.
	www.dhushara.com /book/biocos/symevol2.htm (5484 words)

	Error Propagation in the Hypercycle
		We study analytically the steady-state regime of a network of n error-prone self-replicating templates forming an asymmetric hypercycle and its error tail.
		We show that the existence of a master template with a higher non-catalyzed self-replicative productivity, a, than the error tail ensures the stability of chains in which m
		This paper has been announced in the following
	ideas.repec.org /p/wop/safiwp/99-09-063.html (145 words)

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