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Topic: Hyperkalemia

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	Hyperkalemia - January 15, 2006 -- American Family Physician
		Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening metabolic problem caused by inability of the kidneys to excrete potassium, impairment of the mechanisms that move potassium from the circulation into the cells, or a combination of these factors.
		Hyperkalemia may occur when one of these mechanisms is impaired because of renal failure, renal hypoperfusion (e.g., volume depletion, congestive heart failure), or hypoaldosteronism.
		Hyperkalemia caused by the use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic renal failure and metabolic acidosis may respond to sodium bicarbonate supplementation.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20060115/283.html (3592 words)

	Hyperkalemia
		Hyperkalemia is a condition where you have too much potassium in your blood.
		If you have severe hyperkalemia, you will be admitted to the hospital to stabilize your condition and for further tests.
		The medications that treat hyperkalemia are meant to stabilize heart function, promote the movement of potassium from the bloodstream back into the cells, and encourage the excretion of excess potassium.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsConditions/Hyperkalemiacc.html (916 words)

	Hyperkalemia - Health Centers News Story - WCVB Boston
		Hyperkalemia is a condition caused by higher than normal levels of potassium in the bloodstream.
		Hyperkalemia occurs when the level of potassium in the bloodstream is higher than normal.
		Hyperkalemia may be caused by medications, including medications that affect kidney function (potassium sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene) and potassium supplements (especially intravenous potassium).
	www.thebostonchannel.com /encyclopedia/6861643/detail.html (1297 words)

	Hyperkalemia
		Hyperkalemia can be caused by an overall excess of body potassium, or by a shift from inside to outside cells.
		Hyperkalemia can occur from a variety of causes, including the consumption of too much of a potassium salt; the failure of the kidneys to normally excrete potassium ions into the urine; the leakage of potassium from cells and tissues into the bloodstream; and from acidosis.
		Hyperkalemia can be measured by acquiring a sample of blood, preparing blood serum, and using a potassium sensitive electrode for measuring the concentration of potassium ions.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/hyperkalemia.jsp (1212 words)

	s020417a - Hyperkalemia - ECG Diagnosis
		Electrocardiogram in Hyperkalemia: electrocardiographic pattern of anteroseptal myocardial infarction mimicked by hyperkalemia-induced disturbance of impulse conduction.
		Abstract: Hyperkalemia is a common cause of electrolyte induced cardiac conduction disturbance.
		Hyperkalemia, by affecting conduction in Purkinje fibers of ventricular muscle, or both, disturbed the normal sequence of septal and anterior wall depolarization and resulted in an ECG pattern that mimicked that of anteroseptal myocardial infarction.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch01/s020417a.html (757 words)

	Electrolytes and Hyperkalemia
		Hyperkalemia is most common in people with kidney disorders, especially those who do not watch their potassium intake; the elderly, who are experiencing age-related organ deterioration; and people with diseases that affect kidney function.
		Another cause of hyperkalemia is acidosis, a condition in which too much acid in the blood causes muscles to take up the excess acid in exchange for a release of potassium into the blood.
		Severe hyperkalemia is treated with an intravenous (IV) solution of insulin and glucose, which causes the cells to absorb the excess potassium from the blood.
	www.lifexpand.com /hyperkalemia-a-85.html (595 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hyperkalemia
		Hyperkalemia is a condition caused by higher than normal levels of potassium in the bloodstream.
		Hyperkalemia occurs when the level of potassium in the bloodstream is higher than normal.
		Hyperkalemia may be caused by medications, including medications that affect kidney function (potassium sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene) and potassium supplements (especially intravenous potassium).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001179.htm (1112 words)

	Hyperkalemia
		Hyperkalemia can occur from a variety of causes, including the consumption of too much of a potassium salt; the failure of the kidneys to normally excrete potassium ions into the urine; the leakage of potassium from cells and tissues into the bloodstream; and from acidosis.
		Patients with moderate or severe hyperkalemia may also develop nervous symptoms such as tingling of the skin, numbness of the hands or feet, weakness, or a flaccid paralysis, which is characteristic of both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia (low plasma potassium).
		Hyperkalemia can be measured by acquiring a sample of blood, preparing blood serum, and using a potassium sensitive electrode for measuring the concentration of potassium ions.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/hyperkalemia.jsp (1047 words)

	eMedicine - Hyperkalemia : Article by David Garth, MD
		Because hyperkalemia can lead to sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias, any suggestion of hyperkalemia requires an immediate ECG to ascertain whether electrocardiographic signs of electrolyte imbalance are present.
		Hyperkalemia is suggested in any patient with a predisposition toward elevated potassium level.
		In the presence of hypotension or marked QRS widening, intravenous bicarbonate, calcium, and insulin given together with 50% dextrose may be appropriate as discussed in Medication.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic261.htm (3548 words)

	Hyperkalemia causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment on MedicineNet.com
		Hyperkalemia is common; it is diagnosed in up to 8% of hospitalized patients in the U.S. Fortunately, most patients have mild hyperkalemia (which is usually well tolerated).
		Technically, hyperkalemia means an abnormally elevated level of potassium in the blood.
		While mild hyperkalemia probably has a limited effect on the heart, moderate hyperkalemia can produce EKG changes (EKG is an electrical reading of the heart muscles), and severe hyperkalemia can cause suppression of electrical activity of the heart and can cause the heart to stop beating.
	www.medicinenet.com /hyperkalemia/article.htm (499 words)

	CIGNA - Hyperkalemia
		Hyperkalemia is a condition caused by an abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood.
		Pathogenesis and therapy on non-oliguric hyperkalemia of the premature infant.
		Hyperkalemia: An adaptive response on chronic renal insufficiency.
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/nord750.html (1396 words)

	Hyperkalemia Revisited
		Hyperkalemia is a common cause of the cardiac arrhythmias seen in clinical practice.
		A clue that these electrocardiographic changes are due to hyperkalemia, and not to bundle branch disease, is that in hyperkalemia the conduction delay persists throughout the QRS complex and not just in the initial or terminal portions, as seen in left and right bundle branch block, respectively.
		Given the vast array of electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia, the difficulty in consistently identifying hyperkalemia on the basis of electrocardiographic abnormalities, and the fact that the electrocardiogram during hyperkalemia may progress from normal to that of ventricular tachycardia and asystole precipitously, physicians need to consider this diagnosis in patients at risk.
	www.arabmedmag.com /issue-31-08-2006/miscellaneous/main02.htm (4891 words)

	HYPERKALEMIA
		Hyperkalemia may have serious consequences (especially cardiac) and may also be indicative of the presence of serious associated medical conditions.
		Differentiate severe, true hyperkalemia, a potentially lethal condition for which treatment is the first consideration, from pseudohyperkalemia, and then assess for causal conditions.
		Outline an initial plan of management for a patient with hyperkalemia consistent with the cause and severity of the rise in potassium concentration.
	www.mcc.ca /Objectives_online/objectives.pl?lang=english&loc=obj&id=79-1-E (283 words)

	Hyperkalemia - Genesis Health System
		Hyperkalemia can also be caused by a disease of the adrenal gland called Addison's disease.
		Hyperkalemia may also result from severe burns or infections.
		Patients with moderate or severe hyperkalemia may also develop nervous symptoms such as tingling of the skin, numbness of the hands or feet, weakness, or a flaccid paralysis, which is characteristic of both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia (low plasma potassium).
	www.genesishealth.com /conditions/DetailedDisease/000688.aspx (1088 words)

	Hyperkalemia
		Untreated, hyperkalemia may be associated with up to 67% mortality, mainly due to the effect of the potassium imbalance on cardiac function.
		Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition, and treatment must be prompt and aggressive.
		Swedish massage may help to stimulate the kidneys; whether this is appropriate for a particular patient depends on his or her condition and the underlying cause of the hyperkalemia.
	metagenics.com /resources/imc/OneMedicineProf/ProfConditions/Hyperkalemiapc.html (1291 words)

	UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-Outpatient Hyperkalemia
		When evaluating asymptomatic hyperkalemia in the outpatient population, physicians should first consider the validity of the laboratory results.
		Thus, in the case of unexplained and asymptomatic hyperkalemia, the physician should first confirm that the specimen collection and analysis were correctly preformed.
		Hyperkalemia can be caused by problems with potassium redistribution, inadequate potassium excretion or excessive potassium intake.
	www.med.ucla.edu /modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=128 (864 words)

	Hyperkalemia due to drugs in diabetic patients American Family Physician - Find Articles
		Hyperkalemia Due to Drugs in Diabetic Patients Most clinicians are alert to the dangers of hypokalemia.
		Hyperkalemia resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was documented as early as 1979.(6,7) NSAID inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase) has been well established since 1971.
		Hyperkalemia was noted in patients with normal and impaired renal function receiving NSAID therapy and was associated with a reduction in plasma and urinary aldosterone levels.(8,9) These cases appeared to resemble the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n1_v39/ai_7530529 (811 words)

	Hyperkalemia - Alternative Medicine
		Hyperkalemia is a serious condition that must be treated promptly.
		The medications that treat hyperkalemia are meant to stabilize cardiac function, promote the movement of potassium from the bloodstream back into the cells, and encourage the excretion of excess potassium.
		Of primary concern is the effect of hyperkalemia on the heart.
	www.alternativemedicine.com /common/adam/DisplayMonograph.asp?storeID=02AD61F001A74B5887D3BD11F6C28169&name=ConsConditions_Hyperkalemiacc (1002 words)

	Potassium: Minerals and Electrolytes: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Probably the most common cause of mild hyperkalemia is the use of drugs that decrease blood flow to the kidneys or prevent the kidneys from excreting normal amounts of potassium.
		Hyperkalemia can also be caused by Addison's disease, in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of the hormone aldosterone, which stimulates the kidneys to excrete potassium (see Adrenal Gland Disorders: Addison's Disease).
		For mild hyperkalemia, reducing the potassium intake or discontinuing drugs that prevent the kidneys from excreting potassium may be the only treatment that is needed.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec12/ch155/ch155i.html (961 words)

	Hyperkalemia, High Potassium - New Treatments, January 2, 2007 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Diagnosis is indicated by the combination of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia and is confirmed by a low aldosterone and a low plasma cortisol level that does not respond to adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment.
		Hyperkalemia is especially common when these drugs are given to patients at risk for hyperkalemia (diabetics, renal failure, hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, advanced age).
		When urinary K excretion is low, yet blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels are not elevated and urine volume is at least 1 L daily and renal sodium excretion is adequate (about 20 mEq/day), then either a defect in the secretion of renin or aldosterone or tubular resistance to aldosterone is likely.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals2a/hyperkalemia.htm (736 words)

	Hyperkalemia
		Hyperkalemia is an abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood.
		Hyperkalemia is a symptom of another underlying medical condition.
		Depending upon the cause of Hyperkalemia, diuretics, insulin, beta-2 agonists or sodium polystyrene may be administered to increase the body's excretion of potassium.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord750.htm (1070 words)

	HYPERKALEMIA
		Patients at greatest risk for developing hyperkalemia are; patients with acute renal failure, patients on dialysis, diabetics and patients with chronic renal failure who are placed on medications which predispose to hyperkalemia.
		True hyperkalemia is caused by a positive potassium balance (increased potassium intake or decreased excretion) or an increase in net potassium shift from the intracellualar to the extracellular fluid compartment.
		For patients with only moderate hyperkalemia, no associated with EKG changes, it may be sufficient to use 1-2 doses of kayexalate and discontinue the drugs which may be predisposing the patient to hyperkalemia.
	www.wramc.amedd.army.mil /departments/medicine/nephrology/education/q&a/Hyperkalemia.htm (867 words)

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