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Topic: Hyperreflexia

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	Hyperreflexia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hyperreflexia is defined as overactive or overresponsive reflexes.
		Examples of this can include twitching or spastic tendencies, which are indicative of upper motor neuron disease as well as the lessening or loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways (disinhibition).
		Should it be caused by illicit or genuine use of medication/stimulants, then it may involve removing these drugs from their healthcare.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hyperreflexia (156 words)

	- Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Chicago
		Autonomic hyperreflexia is a reaction of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system to over-stimulation.
		In patients with spinal cord injury, autonomic hyperreflexia may be caused by pain, fecal impaction, bladder distension, pressure sores, or suctioning.
		Prevention of autonomic hyperreflexia includes avoidance of medications that exacerbate or cause this condition.
	www.nmh.org /nmh/adam/adamencyclopedia/HIEArticles/001431.htm (513 words)

	Research - Center for Translational Neuroscience (CTN) - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
		Such hyperreflexia is thought to produce spasticity, which becomes increasingly problematic in the chronic condition.
		The first clinical application of this technology showed that, after MBET training, the habituation of the H-reflex, the electrical equivalent of the tendon tap reflex, was increased to normal levels.
		That is, the hyperreflexia was reduced and spasticity was eliminated.
	www.uams.edu /ctn/research/kiser.asp (294 words)

	Capsaicin And Neurogenic Detrusor HyperReflexia In Multiple Sclerosis
		HyperReflexia of the Urinary Bladder: Possible role of the efferent function of the Capsaicin sensitive primary afferents
		We have studied the possibility of treating Detrusor HyperReflexia refractory to IntraVesical Capsaicin in patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injuries, thereby providing insight into the mechanism of action of RTX on Sensory Neurons and its possible future pharmacological and clinical use.
		This study demonstrates the importance of the efferent function of the CSPA in the PathoGenesis of HyperReflexia.
	members.tripod.com /ThJuland/detrusor.html (1210 words)

	Motor > Abnormal
		Hyperreflexia is one of the signs of a UMN lesion.
		There is hyperreflexia of the right knee jerk (3+) with a rightsided crossed adductor response (the crossed adductor contraction occurred because of the increased right leg tone which resulted in reflex contraction of the adductor magnus with the very slight stretch of this muscle caused by tapping the opposite knee).
		Hyperreflexia is one of the signs of the UMN syndrome.
	library.med.utah.edu /neurologicexam/html/motor_abnormal.html (593 words)

	Autonomic Dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In various studies the incidence of detrusor hyperreflexia can be as common as 45 to 90 percent of the patients that have an OAB.
		If the patient has detrusor hyperreflexia that is causing the OAB, then many of these patients will respond to an antimuscarinic medication such as Detrol LA or Ditropan XL.
		Recent studies and the clinical trials that I have been involved with using the injectable subcutaneous dopamine agonist, apomorphine, there appears to be an association with an improvement in the symptoms of over active bladder.
	www.pdasd.org /site/index.asp?page=86622&DL=7246 (1792 words)

	Multiple Sclerosis Quarterly Report » Blog Archive » Bladder Symptoms and Multiple Sclerosis
		The symptoms associated with detrusor hyperreflexia include urgency, frequency, a need to awaken at night to urinate, and urgency incontinence, which is incontinence preceded by the need to urinate.
		This is the opposite of hyperreflexia, and is known as “areflexia.” Both of these conditions can result in urine being retained in the bladder.
		In this study, patients who had detrusor hyperreflexia and urge incontinence had an electrical device similar to a heart pacemaker surgically implanted to stimulate the sacral nerves (usually at the level of the third sacral vertebra, or S3).
	www.unitedspinal.org /publications/msqr/?p=63 (2421 words)

	Case Vignettes in Neurology
		Examination on admission to Napa State Hospital four months before death showed him to be vacant and uncommunicative, demented, unsteady on his feet, nearly blind with minimally reactive pupils, incontinent of urine, and intermittently agitated with generalized hyperreflexia, and Babinski signs.
		Just prior to death he was increasingly vacant, demented and uncommunicative, unsteady on feet, nearly blind with unreactive pupils, incontinent of bladder and exhibiting hyperreflexia and Babinski signs.
		This is a 32 yr old male with onset of adrenal insuffiency at age 19 with a subsequent progressive course over 13 yrs with psychosis, confusional state, dementia, aphasia, seizures, cortical blindness, ataxia, upper motor neuron signs, and incontinence.
	medocs.ucdavis.edu /Neu/420/cases/cases99/CASE40.HTM (606 words)

	Central motor conduction in patients with anti-ganglioside antibody associated neuropathy syndromes and hyperreflexia ...
		Hyperreflexia was observed in all four limbs during
		tract is functionally impaired in patients with hyperreflexia.
		Hyperreflexia in Guillain-Barré syndrome: relation with acute motor axonal neuropathy and anti-GM1 antibody.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/73/5/568 (3446 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Autonomic Hyperreflexia (Autonomic Dysreflexia, Dysreflexia, Hyperreflexia)
		Healthopedia.com - Autonomic Hyperreflexia (Autonomic Dysreflexia, Dysreflexia, Hyperreflexia)
		Autonomic hyperreflexia is an abnormal triggering of the autonomic nervous system.
		Autonomic hyperreflexia occurs when an irritating stimulus occurs that the person cannot feel.
	www.healthopedia.com /autonomic-hyperreflexia (482 words)

	MICROMEDEX(R) Healthcare Series
		Other etiologies must be ruled out and the patient must not have recently started or increased the dose of a neuroleptic prior to the onset of effects.
		Hyperreflexia is common (Alderman and Lee, 1996; Power et al, 1995; Cano-Munoz et al, 1995; Chan et al, 1998).
		INCIDENCE - In a review of 127 reports of serotonin syndrome, hyperreflexia was reported in 70 (55%) patients (Mills, 1997).
	www.antidepressantsfacts.com /micromedex-serotonin-syndrome.htm (2875 words)

	spinalcord
		Patients often have sensory symptoms in the absence of detectable sensory deficits, whereas detectable motor signs may be found in the absence of motor symptoms
		hyperreflexia of the lower limbs + normoreflexia of the upper limbs => lesion of the thoracic or lumbar cord
		hyperreflexia of the lower limbs + hyporeflexia of the upper limbs => cervical spondylitic myelopathy + radiculopathy, or cervical central cord pathology involving the LMNs to the upper limbs
	www.jeffmann.net /NeuroGuidemaps/spinalcord.html (2736 words)

	Tolterodine (Detrol) For Detrusor HyperReflexia In Multiple Sclerosis
		In order to assess the optimum dosage for use in future clinical studies, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter study was performed in 90 patients with Detrusor HyperReflexia and symptoms of Urinary Urgency, Frequency, and/or Urge Incontinence.
		There were no safety or tolerability concerns regarding any of the dosages of Tolterodine investigated, although 2 patients treated with a dosage of 4 mg bd experienced Urinary Retention that necessitated dosage reduction.
		The results of this study suggest that Tolterodine is well-tolerated and exerts a dose-dependent effect on Bladder function in patients with Detrusor HyperReflexia.
	members.tripod.com /ThJuland/detrol.html (516 words)

	ACP - Wisconsin Chapter - Undiagnosed Thyrotoxicosis In Presence Of Other Medical Problems
		Ashish Verma, M.D., Nikhil Shah, M.D., Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI A 41 year-old female with history of Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, neurogenic bladder and muscle wasting and hyperreflexia and joint deformity secondary to her Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis comes to ER for blood in the urine.
		While in the ER she was noted to have a heart rate in the 180s and was Supraventricular Tachycardia.
		This is her third hospitalization in 6 months which include neurological evaluations for tremors and hyperreflexia thought to be due to complications of Multiple Sclerosis, Pulmonary embolism evaluation for persistent tachycardia, and anxiety and depression thought to be due to her debilitation and other social situations like divorce.
	www.acponline.org /chapters/wi/associates/99/vignette12.htm (289 words)

	Estrous influences on micturition thresholds of the female rat before and after bladder inflammation -- Johnson and ...
		One possible mechanism that could underlie inflammation-induced hyperreflexia during proestrus is hormonal modulation of the
		One possible mechanism that could underlie the inflammation-induced hyperreflexia of estrus is the influence of estrogen on
		The lack of hyperreflexia that was seen during metestrus and proestrus suggests that a mechanism exists to protect the bladder
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/1/R289 (3654 words)

	Stretch Hyperreflexia of Triceps Surae Muscles in the Conscious Cat after Dorsolateral Spinal Lesions -- Taylor et al. ...
		Stretch Hyperreflexia of Triceps Surae Muscles in the Conscious Cat after Dorsolateral Spinal Lesions -- Taylor et al.
		of the magnitude and duration of postoperative hyperreflexia.
		Interruption of the corticospinal tract could contribute to hyperreflexia after interruption of the DLF (Wagley, 1945
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/13/5004 (6926 words)

	AUA: Botulinum Toxin Injections Improve Detrusor Hyperreflexia and Neurogenic Incontinence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		CHICAGO, IL -- May 2 2003 -- Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injections into the detrusor muscle appears to be an effective treatment for detrusor hyperreflexia and neurogenic reflex incontinence.
		The findings are from an analysis of results in 200 patients with neurogenic incontinence due to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, spina bifida or myelomeningocele who were treated with botulinum toxin type A at 10 European centers over the last 5 years.
		All patients had detrusor hyperreflexia and incontinence resistant to high doses of anticholinergic agents or presented with severe side effects of the anticholinergic medication.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/2319FE.htm (458 words)

	Neuropathic pain with vesical and rectal hyperreflexia and cocontraction after pelvic surgery -- SHEMBALKAR et al. 70 ...
		Neuropathic pain with vesical and rectal hyperreflexia and cocontraction after pelvic surgery -- SHEMBALKAR et al.
		Neuropathic pain with vesical and rectal hyperreflexia and cocontraction after pelvic surgery
		The likely explanation for visceral hyperreflexia in our patients is increased barrage originating from injured sensory nerves,
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/70/3/410 (696 words)

	DBS-STN.org \| Research into Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Urinary dysfunction is common with PD. A typical dysfunction is detrusor hyperreflexia (involuntary contractions of the bladder causing reduced capacity and early desire to void, also known as overactive bladder) which can cause urgent urination, increased urinary frequency, and urge incontinence.
		It is unclear what exactly causes detrusor hyperreflexia but these authors implicate that affected areas include dopamine (chemical in the brain) receptors, the substantia nigra, and basal ganglia.
		They found that during the OFF phase patients showed “typical overactive bladder” a common sign of detrusor hyperreflexia in PD without DBS STN, which was not found during the ON phase.
	www.dbs-stn.org /research-details.asp?id=44 (301 words)

	USCA1 Opinion 03-2494
		The letter relied principally on Dr. Kolb's May 26, 1999 finding of hyperreflexia, noting that "[o]ur medical advisors indicate that bilateral hyperreflexia would not normally be a finding associated with radiculopathy." Glista's medical records, the letter stated, "confirm[ed] that [Glista] had neurological symptoms present and under investigation during [the] Pre-ex period which.
		Here, Unum argued, Glista had received treatment during the Pre-Ex Period for hyperreflexia, a symptom of PLS that, according to Dr. MacBride, could not be explained by radiculopathy.
		Although hyperreflexia was noted in his exam, Glista contends, Dr. Kolb's May 9, 2000 letter demonstrated that Dr. Kolb had ordered the EMG and MRI tests to address radiculopathy.
	www.ca1.uscourts.gov /cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=03-2494.01A (7838 words)

	Autonomic hyperreflexia
		This reaction may include high blood pressure, change in heart rate, skin color changes (pallor, redness, blue-grey coloration), and profuse sweating.
		The most common cause of autonomic hyperreflexia is spinal cord injury.
		In the spine-injured patient, attention to voiding habits, skin condition, and pain level may prevent autonomic hyperreflexia.
	www.pennhealth.com /ency/article/001431.htm (563 words)

	SNc 01
		hyperreflexia restricted to the right side of her body
		hyperreflexia restricted to the left side of her body
		If this lesion later extended from the SNc ventrally into the cereral peduncle, hyperreflexia would become a possibility.
	www.med.uiuc.edu /m1/neurosci/Web_Neuro_2001/protected/quiz/quiz_Q&A/questions-with-words&pics/SNc_01.htm (266 words)

	DaytonDailyNews: Dayton, Ohio, news and information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A reaction of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system to over-stimulation which may include hypertension, change in heart rate, and diaphoresis (sweating).
		Conditions like carcinoid syndrome, thyroid storm, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and serotonin syndrome share many similar symptoms, but have a different underlying cause.
		The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
	www.daytondailynews.com /travel/healthfd/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001431.html (179 words)

	WE MOVE: Diagnostic Case Challenge: Lower Extremity Hyperreflexia and Clonus
		Learning objectives include identification of key spasticity-related elements in the patient history, recognition of tone and bony deformities as contributors to gait abnormality, and development of a treatment plan to address spasticity-related impairments.
		Case Overview: M.J. is a 7-year, 3-month-old boy who was referred for evaluation of abnormal gait with femoral anteversion and lower-extremity hyperreflexia.
		Funded by an educational grant from Medtronic, Inc., this interactive educational activity is a unique combination of background text and video, blended with challenging case studies designed to help physicians refine their diagnostic skills and learn about the most current approaches to treatment.
	www.imakenews.com /wemove/e_article000363131.cfm?x=b4KDm0s,b1QrWd7M,w (290 words)

	Autonomic Dysreflexia and Hyperreflexia
		Autonomic Dysreflexia or Hyperreflexia affects blood pressure in high level spinal cord injuries.
		Autonomic Dysreflexia, also known as Hyperreflexia, is a condition where the blood pressure in a person with a spinal cord injury (SCI) above T5-6 becomes excessivly high due to the over activity of the Autonomic Nervous System.
		Autonomic Dysreflexia is usually caused when a painful stimulus occures below the level of.spinal cord injury.
	www.apparelyzed.com /autonomic.html (842 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Autonomic Hyperreflexia: Treatment & Monitoring (Autonomic Dysreflexia, Dysreflexia, Hyperreflexia)
		The best treatment is to remove whatever is causing the autonomic hyperreflexia.
		Side effects vary depending on the medicines used to lower the blood pressure but may include allergic reactions.
		Autonomic hyperreflexia goes away quickly once the cause is removed.
	www.healthopedia.com /autonomic-hyperreflexia/treatment.html (367 words)

	Spinal Times: The Amy Alexander Foundation for Spinal Cord Injuries
		If you are unable to find the stimulus causing autonomic dysreflexia, or your attempts to receive the stimulus fail, you need to obtain emergency medical treatment.
		Since not all physicians are familiar with autonomic dysreflexia (hyperreflexia) and its treatment, you should carry a card in your wallet that describes the condition and the treatment required.
		The following are precautions you can take which may prevent episodes: If you have an indwelling catheter, keep the tubing free of kinks, keep the drainage bags empty and check daily for grits (deposits) inside of the catheter.
	spinaltimes.org /preventative.html (2594 words)

	Case Vignettes in Neurology
		About three years after onset of these movements, the patient became forgetful and eventually was forced to quit work as a postman because he could no longer remember the names of his patrons and became lost on the route.
		CT scans showed enlargement of the lateral ventricle frontal horns and mild widening of sulci.
		PE shows hyperreflexia and CT scan shows enlarged lateral ventricle horns with widened sulci.
	medocs.ucdavis.edu /neu/420/cases/cases99/CASE21.HTM (630 words)

	Clinical Trial: Botulinum-A Toxin Injection for Detrusor Hyperreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury: A Non-Surgical Approach.
		The purpose of the study is to determine whether Botulinum-A toxin injected in the bladder muscle will help prevent the frequency and degree of urinary incontinence in Spinal Cord Injured and Multiple Sclerosis patients.
		OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT The major aim of the present study is to use a double blind randomized clinical trial design to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of two different doses, 300 and 400 Units of Botulinum Toxin Type-A for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia (Neurogenic Bladder Overactivity).
		Botulinum toxin type a is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00262496 (1011 words)

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