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Topic: Hypersensitivity

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	Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis - American Lung Association site
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (also called allergic alveolitis) is a disease in which the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs become inflamed when certain dusts are inhaled to which the person is sensitized or allergic.
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis occurs most often in people exposed to certain organic dusts in their daily work or living, especially dusts which contain fungus spores from mold.
		Also known to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis are dusts from moldy sugar cane and barley, maple bark, cork, animal hair, bird feathers and droppings, mushroom compost, coffee beans, and paprika.
	www.lungusa.org /site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=849121 (937 words)

	Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Acute and Chronic) Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment by MedicineNet.com
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an inflammation of the lung (usually of the very small airways) caused by the body's immune reaction to small air–borne particles.
		Chronic (long–term) hypersensitivity pneumonitis causes lung scarring (fibrosis).
		The most important treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is avoidance of repeated exposures to the offending particles.
	www.medicinenet.com /hypersensitivity_pneumonitis/article.htm (590 words)

	Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases of the Lungs: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) is a type of inflammation in and around the tiny air sacs (alveoli) and smallest airways (bronchioles) of the lung caused by an allergic reaction to inhaled organic dusts or, less commonly, chemicals.
		In a slower form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (subacute form), cough and shortness of breath may develop over days or weeks and sometimes may be so severe that the person needs to be hospitalized.
		The diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis depends on the clinical features, identification (if possible) of the dust or other substance causing the problem, and evidence of the person's exposure to the suspected agent, as determined by the presence of antibodies on a blood test.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec04/ch051/ch051b.html (783 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs due to breathing in a foreign substance, usually certain types of dust, fungus, or molds.
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis usually occurs in those who work in places where there are high levels of organic dusts, fungus, or molds.
		Lung changes due to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis may be seen on chest x-ray.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000109.htm (493 words)

	Hypersensitivity diseases.
		These are examples of type II hypersensitivity reactions in which the drug binds to the cell surface and serves as a target for anti-drug IgG antibodies that cause destruction of the cell (see Fig.
		Unlike the immediate hypersensitivity reactions described so far, which are mediated by antibodies, delayed-type hypersensitivity or type IV hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by antigen-specific effector T cells.
		Hypersensitivity reactions mediated by T cells can be activated by modified self proteins, or by injected proteins such as those in the mycobacterial extract tuberculin.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?tool=bookshelf&call=bv.View..ShowSection&searchterm=hypersensitivity&rid=imm.section.1756 (1933 words)

	Hypersensitivity reactions
		Hypersensitivity reactions can be divided into four types: type I, type II, type III and type IV, based on the mechanisms involved and time taken for the reaction.
		Type II hypersensitivity is also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity and may affect a variety of organs and tissues.
		Type II hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by antibodies of the IgM or IgG classes and complement (Figure 2).
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /ghaffar/hyper00.htm (1439 words)

	Hypersensitivity Vasculitis \| Vasculitis Foundation
		Hypersensitivity vasculitis (HV) is often used to describe different types of vasculitis related to drug reactions, skin disorders or allergic vasculitis; however this is not always the correct use of the term.
		It should be noted that having three of these criteria does not always distinguish HV from other forms of vasculitis, particularly when the only or first symptom of vasculitis is a skin rash.
		The presence of skin vasculitis, usually red spots, is the main symptom in hypersensitivity vasculitis.
	www.vasculitisfoundation.org /hypersensitivityvasculitis (746 words)

	Hypersensitivity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The hypersensitivity is antigen-specific (as one might expect for an antibody-mediated reaction).
		this type of hypersensitivity develops as a result of systematic exposure to an antigen and is dependent on i) the type of antigen and antibody and ii) the size of the resulting complex (click here for more information).
		Type III hypersensitivities can be ascertained by intradermal injection of the antigen, followed by the observance of an "Arthus" reaction (swelling and redness at site of injection) after a few hours.
	www.cehs.siu.edu /fix/medmicro/hyper.htm (1020 words)

	Additional Reading - Dentinal Hypersensitivity
		Addy M, Mostafa P, Newcombe RG: Dentine hypersensitivity - the distribution of recession, sensitivity and plaque.
		Kanouse MC, Ash MM Jr: The effectiveness of a sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice on dental hypersensitivity.
		Kim SJ: Hypersensitive teeth: Desensitization of pupal sensory nerves.
	www.dentalcare.com /soap/ce18ej/dhread.htm (653 words)

	Mosquito Bite Hypersensitivity in Cats
		Mosquito bite hypersensitivity is a relatively common disease in cats that occurs during the summer months in warm climates.
		Mosquito bite hypersensitivity can look like many other skin problems in cats including ringworm, food allergy, eosinophilic plaque, lupus erythematosus, squamous cell carcinoma (a cancer) and bacterial infections.
		The diagnosis of mosquito bite hypersensitivity is based on the signs of disease, season of the year, biopsy results, and improvement of the lesions when the cat is confined in a mosquito-free area for 4 to 7 days.
	www.peteducation.com /article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1332&articleid=194 (338 words)

	eMedicine - Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed : Article Excerpt by Walter Duane Hinshaw
		Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are inflammatory reactions initiated by mononuclear leukocytes.
		Delayed hypersensitivity is a major mechanism of defense against various intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria, fungi, and certain parasites, and it occurs in transplant rejection and tumor immunity.
		For example, in contact hypersensitivity reactions, the epidermis is involved; in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), lung tissue is involved.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/Hypersensitivity-Reactions--Delayed.htm (526 words)

	Pain hypersensitivity
		This hypersensitivity arises because our pain pathways actually increase in sensitivity when they relay pain messages, and the mechanisms of this sensitization are beginning to be revealed.
		Pain hypersensitivity after an injury helps healing by ensuring that contact with the injured tissue is minimized until repair is complete – an adaptive response.
		Peripheral sensitization is a reduction in threshold and an increase in responsiveness of the peripheral ends of nociceptors, the high-threshold peripheral sensory neurons that transfer input from peripheral targets (skin, muscle, joints and the viscera) though peripheral nerves to the central nervous system (spinal cord and brainstem).
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /en/pain/microsite/science4.html (1506 words)

	Allergy, Hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal and skin irritation are known side effects of fluoride ingestion
		Allergy, Hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal and skin irritation are known side effects of fluoride ingestion.
		Thus although all four reports reached a similar conclusion that fluoride was unlikely to produce allergic or hypersensitivity effects, the 1993 reports (2,4) refer to those published in 1991 (1,3) and are not completely independent.
		They usually refer to type 1 immediate hypersensitivity, mediated by specific IgE antibodies in genetically predisposed individuals and resulting in symptoms characteristic of eczema, urticaria, rhinitis, asthma and anaphylaxis, although it is noted that several types of allergic states encompass all the mechanisms described by Gell and Coombs (21).
	www.fluoridation.com /adverse.htm (6620 words)

	Case report - Hypersensitivity to denture materials
		It is therefore suggested that in cases where a hypersensitivity reaction with systemic manifestations to a denture base resin is suspected, questioning with regard to other reactions to colourants and patch testing for dyestuffs should be considered in addition to the use of a resin with no colouring agents in construction of replacement prostheses.
		Although no definite hypersensitivity to acrylic per se appears to have been identified at this time, it was decided to provide her with vulcanite dentures, with which she appeared to cope very well for a number of years.
		It is therefore suggested that in cases where a hypersensitivity reaction with systemic manifestations to the denture base resin is suspected, the use of a resin with no colouring agents incorporated should be considered to exclude the possibility of hypersensitivity to dyestuffs.
	www.nature.com /bdj/journal/v187/n7/full/4800278a.html (2151 words)

	Visceral Hypersensitivity
		Specifically, it has been shown that patients with IBS have hypersensitive responses to distension of the rectum, whereas their tolerance to somatic stimuli is normal or even increased.
		Conclusion: The visceral hypersensitivity in IBS seems to be related to alterations in the nervous system rather than biomechanical parameters such as the tension and strain of the gut wall.
		Visceral hypersensitivity or decreased pain thresholds to distension of the gut is considered to be a biologic marker for IBS and is present in most patients with this gastrointestinal disorder.
	www.paratuberculosis.net /40does_map_cause_irritable_bowel_syndrome/visceral_hypersensitivity (802 words)

	AJRCCM -- Year in Review : Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
		The lower incidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in smokers is a well-known clinical association.
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was diagnosed on the basis of high-resolution computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, and, if necessary, surgical lung biopsy.
		Six significant predictors of hypersensitivity pneumonitis were identified: (i) exposure to a known offending antigen, (ii) positive precipitating antibodies to the offending antigen, (iii) recurrent symptoms, (iv) inspiratory crackles, (v) symptoms within 4 to 8 hours of exposure, and (vi) weight loss.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/collection/yir176 (457 words)

	eMedicine - Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed : Article by Walter Duane Hinshaw
		Granulomatous hypersensitivity reactions: Diseases in which delayed hypersensitivity is the major pathophysiological response include tuberculous leprosy, TB, sarcoidosis, and schistosomiasis.
		On rare occasions, the reaction to a delayed hypersensitivity skin test may be extreme and result in axillary lymphadenopathy and fever.
		Tuberculin hypersensitivity skin reactions: If the Mantoux reaction is positive, patients may require consultation with a pulmonologist or an infectious disease specialist.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1100.htm (2756 words)

	Drug hypersensitivity syndrome. DermNet NZ
		The diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation of the triad of high fever, extensive skin rash and organ involvement, supported by a finding of eosinophilia (increase of eosinophil white cells in the blood) and abnormal liver function tests.
		As Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome can occur up to eight weeks after first exposure to the responsible drug, a great degree of care is required when determining the responsible medicine.
		Because genetic factors are suspected in Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome, first-degree relatives should be alerted to their elevated risk of developing hypersensitivity reactions to the same medicine(s).
	www.dermnetnz.org /reactions/drug-hypersensitivity-syndrome.html (573 words)

	Powerwatch - Electrical Hypersensitivity
		Electrical Hypersensitivity (ES) is an illness that is both highly controversial and little understood.
		Electrical Hypersensitivity (ES), a Modern Illness, which includes chapters on what ES is, what triggers it, how it develops and affects people.
		It describes the known biology of ES and some of the theories that are being researched.
	www.powerwatch.org.uk /gen/sensitiv.asp (4397 words)

	Hypersensitivity - Allergy - information page with HONselect
		Hypersensitivity - Allergy - information page with HONselect
		Narrow term(s): - Drug Hypersensitivity - Environmental Illness - Hypersensitivity, Delayed - Hypersensitivity, Immediate - Immune Complex Diseases - Latex Hypersensitivity - Wissler's Syndrome
		Narrow term(s): - Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Conjunctivitis, Allergic, Urticaria, Vasculitis, Hypersensitivity
	www.hon.ch /HONselect/Selection/C20.543.html (354 words)

	Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis / Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
		Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), also called hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), is a complex syndrome.
		Thus, diagnosis and treatment remain a challenging task.
		The book includes a carefully selected list of about 2000 reference works also taking into account articles which are otherwise hard to find for scientists and physicians confined to the English language only.
	www.dustri.com /be/3097.html (228 words)

	Different Origin of Insect Hypersensitivity in Icelandic Horses? - Hestafréttir.is
		Insect bite dermal hypersensitivity (IBDH) might have a different origin in Icelandic horses than in horses of other breeds, according to a study completed by researchers at the University of Bristols school of Clinical Veterinary Science in the United Kingdom.
		Insect bite dermal hypersensitivity is a type I hypersensitivity (allergic) response to the bites of certain gnats (those in the genus Culicoides).
		In Iceland, IBDH does not occur because gnats are not present, however researchers note an exceptionally high incidence of this condition in Icelandic horses that have been imported to mainland Europe.
	www.icehorsenews.com /news.asp?View=Article&ID=840 (596 words)

	Home \| aHealthyme.com
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis refers to an inflammation of the lungs caused by repeated breathing in of a foreign substance, such an organic dust, a fungus, or a mold.
		The combination of antigen and antibody produces acute inflammation, or pneumonitis (a hypersensitivity reaction), which later can develop into chronic lung disease that impairs the lungs' ability to take oxygen from the air and eliminate carbon dioxide.
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is sometimes called "allergic alveolitis." "Allergic" refers to the antigen-antibody reaction, and "alveolitis" means an inflammation of the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and CO are exchanged, the alveoli.
	www.ahealthyme.com /article/gale/100084736 (1685 words)

	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction to Mycobacterium avium in household water CHEST - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction to Mycobacterium avium in household water
		The possibility of MAC hypersensitivity pneumonitis from showering raises potential implications in the investigation of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
		The classification of this pulmonary response to MAC is further complicated by the increasing observations of histopathologic and bronchoscopic differences between "classic" hypersensitivity pneumonitis and MAC-associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_2_127/ai_n11852120 (939 words)

	eMJA: 3. Drug hypersensitivity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Drug allergies, which comprise 5%–10% of ADRs,4 are hypersensitivity reactions that involve an immune mechanism (IgE- or T cell-mediated, or, rarely, involving an immune complex or cytotoxic reaction).
		All other hypersensitivity drug reactions without an immune mechanism (5%–10%) — or in which an immunological process is not proven — are classified as non-immune (or non-allergic) hypersensitivity reactions (Box 1).
		The most important step in assessing a possible ADR is to take a detailed clinical history — to assess causality, determine the underlying mechanism (pharmacological effect or hypersensitivity reaction) and assess whether the reaction may be allergic in nature (ie, immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction).
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/185_06_180906/thi10282_fm.html (4389 words)

	Delayed Type Hypersensitivity
		Robert Koch, the discoverer of the tubercule bacillus was the first to demonstrate a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in 1882.[2] Koch attempted to use his killed tuberculin preparation as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine.
		Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is another form of T cell mediated immunity that is characterized as DTH and is closely related to the protein in adjuvant reaction.
		Delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
	dermatology.cdlib.org /DOJvol5num1/reviews/black.html (4414 words)

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