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Topic: Hypertensive retinopathy

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	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 8, Ch. 99, Retinal Disorders
		Hypertensive retinopathy occurs in chronic essential hypertension, malignant hypertension, and toxemia of pregnancy.
		Hypertensive retinopathy and hypertensive arteriosclerosis are primarily managed by medical control of the hypertension.
		Nonproliferative retinopathy (formerly known as background retinopathy) is characterized by increased capillary permeability, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, and edema.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section8/chapter99/99a.jsp (942 words)

	Retinopathy, Hypertensive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the early stages of hypertensive retinopathy, narrowing and compression (vasoconstriction) of the arterioles of the retina occurs.
		Additional abnormalities associated with hypertensive retinopathy include narrowing (occlusion) of the arteries and veins of the retina, the abnormal development of a sac due to widening (dilation) of the retinal artery wall (retinal artery aneurysm) and/or the formation of a blood clot (infarct) in the layers of membranes behind the retina (choroid).
		Renal retinopathy is characterized by abnormalities affecting the retina (retinopathy) that are associated with hypertension and abnormalities affecting the kidney (renal abnormalities).
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord328.htm (1013 words)

	Hypertensive Retinopathy
		The patient with hypertensive retinopathy, as expected, suffers from hypertension.
		However, the hypertension may be unknown to th e patient and the eye exam may yield the first clue to this relative asymptomatic systemic disease.
		Hypertensive retinopathy presents with a ‘dry’ retina (few hemorrhages, rare edema, rare exudate, and multiple cotton wool spots) whereas diabetic retinopathy, in comparison, presents with a ‘wet’ retina (multiple hemorrhage, multiple exudate, extensive edema, and few cotton wool spots).
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/SECT41b.HTM (541 words)

	WRAL.com - Health Encyclopedia - Hypertensive Retinopathy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina caused by high blood pressure.
		Grade IV hypertensive retinopathy includes swelling of the optic nerve and of the visual center of the retina (macula).
		Control of high blood pressure (hypertension) is the only treatment for hypertensive retinopathy.
	www.wral.com /encyclopedia/6861356/detail.html (469 words)

	Hypertensive Retinopathy
		Hypertension also increases the risk for developing numerous other retinal problems, including retinal vein occlusion and worsening of diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.
		Hypertension may also cause problems with the optic nerves and choroid (vascular layer underneath the retina).
		Hypertension is common in the middle-aged and elderly.
	www.esi-in.com /hypertensive_retinopathy.htm (270 words)

	Shoppers Drug Mart - Health & Wellness
		Some of the kinds of damage that your doctor may see in your retina are hypertensive retinopathy, a complication of high blood pressure (hypertension), and diabetic retinopathy, a complication of long-term diabetes.
		It's unusual for hypertension to impair vision, but hypertensive retinopathy can lead to blockage of retinal arteries or veins which, in turn, may eventually result in the loss of vision.
		Diabetic retinopathy is a deterioration of the blood vessels in the retina.
	www.mediresource.com /sdm/sdm/english/disease_detail.asp?disease_id=196 (813 words)

	HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY Paul Chous, M.A., O.D. Doctor of Optometry
		Aside from diabetic retinopathy, there are several other distinct retinal diseases that are more often associated with diabetes, though they certainly can occur in non-diabetes patients as well.
		Hypertensive retinopathy, damage to the retina from chronic and/or acutely elevated blood pressure, leads to abnormal narrowing and stiffening of the retinal arterioles, serum, lipid and protein leakage in addition to bleeding from retinal capillaries, and even swelling of the optic nerve.
		As with diabetic retinopathy, ischemia (lack of blood supply) to surrounding retinal tissue may occur, which can lead to profound vision loss, as well as the formation of new, abnormal blood vessels ("neovascularization") and neovascular glaucoma, both of which can cause blindness.
	www.diabetesincontrol.com /issue190/chous.shtml (672 words)

	Hypertension-related eye damage more common in blacks than whites
		Retinopathy is an important sign that a person's hypertension (high blood pressure) has progressed to a severe stage, causing organ damage.
		Even though the thinking has been that fls have an excess risk of hypertensive retinopathy, few existing studies make this connection, and the studies were not based on patient groups representative of the general population.
		The prevalence of retinopathy in fls was reduced by about 53 percent, after adjusting the findings to account for the severity of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-03/aha-hed032003.php (662 words)

	Retinopathy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Retinopathy is a general term that refers to some form of non-inflammatory damage to the retina of the eye.
		Many types of retinopathy are progressive and may result in blindness or severe vision loss or impairment, particularly if the macula becomes affected.
		Retinopathy is diagnosed by an optometrist or an ophthalmologist during ophthalmoscopy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Retinopathy (128 words)

	Hypertensive retinopathy -
		Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina due to high blood pressure (i.e.
		Early signs of retinopathy correlate less well with mortality and morbidity that used to be thought, but signs of accelerated or "malignant" hypertension indicate severe illness.
		The eye is an organ where damage is easily visible at an early stage, hypertensive retinopathy silver wire so regular eye examinations are important.
	www.medicalgeo.com /Med-Diseases-Ho---Hy/Hypertensive-retinopathy.html (315 words)

	[No title]
		The examiner opined that hypertension was aggravated by diabetes mellitus.
		The Board acknowledges that the RO denied service connection for hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy based on aggravation because the degree of aggravation is not readily ascertainable.
		Direct service connection for hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy cannot be granted because the evidence reflects that these conditions did not manifest until years after service, and there is no demonstrable nexus between hypertension and/or hypertensive retinopathy and service.
	www.va.gov /vetapp05/files2/0509997.txt (1020 words)

	Retinopathy, Arteriosclerotic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is characterized by bleeding in the retina, thick fluid oozing from the retina, impaired oxygenation of the retina, an abrupt reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle that may cause dying off of tissue (myocardial infarction), and hardening of the walls of the little arteries (arterioles) in the eye.
		Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy usually occurs as a result of progressive hardening of the blood vessels by calcification and loss of elastic tissue (arteriosclerosis).
		Hypertensive Retinopathy is a syndrome of changes in the retina caused by hypertension.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord327.htm (851 words)

	Discovery Health :: Diseases & Conditions :: hypertensive retinopathy
		Hypertensive retinopathy refers to damage to the retina of the eye that is caused by high blood pressure.
		When blood pressure is very high for a long period of time, the small blood vessels in the eye undergo a number of changes.
		The diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy begins with a medical history and physical exam.
	media.health.discovery.com /encyclopedias/illnesses.html?article=2386 (441 words)

	Flavay significantly improved retinal disorders including macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis ...
		Retinopathy is especially a problem for diabetics, who suffer from greatly increased capillary permeability in their eyes.
		Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness and any agent that can help to stem the effects of retinopathy is of value.
		In either case, diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness, and any agent that can help to stem the effects of retinopathy is of value.
	www.healthysource.com /eyes.html (2937 words)

	Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Hypertensive Retinopathy, and Other Retinal Diseases - New Treatments, May 2, 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The retinal vasculature responds to hypertensive insult with leakage of the precapillary arteriole as well as arteriolar narrowing, increased tortuosity and arterial venous nicking.
		Chronic hypertension results in intimal fibrosis, arteriolar sclerosis and predisposes to branch retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, microaneurysms, macroaneurysms, vitreous hemorrhage, epiretinal fibrosis as well as serous retinal detachments.
		The disc responds to hypertension with edema and hemorrhages, which is considered a sign of chronic hypertensive retinopathy age-related macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy, macular degeneration.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals3a/Hypertensive_Retinopathy.htm (795 words)

	Physicians & Students/ Hypertensive Retinopathy
		Group IV (i.e., malignant hypertension): abnormalities encountered in groups I through III, as well as swelling of the optic nerve head.
		Hypertensive choroidopathy frequently accompanies hypertensive retinopathy when the changes of group IV, and sometimes those of group III, are present.
		In the acute phase, yellow spots are visible at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium.
	www.eyeweb.org /hypertension.htm (293 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Hypertensive retinopathy - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Hypertensive retinopathy: Type of or association with medical condition Retinopathy.
		Retinopathy (medical condition): Retinopathy is damage to the retina at the back of the eye.
		For diabetic retinopathy it occurs because the tiny blood vessels in the retina are damaged by blood sugars from diabetes.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/hypertensive_retinopathy.htm (299 words)

	TTUHSC :: El Paso Campus- Opthalmology
		Hypertensive retinopathy can scar the retina, decrease vision, and even cause blindness.
		Many people are unaware they have hypertensive retinopathy.
		Most people with hypertensive retinopathy can still see well and have no symptoms.
	www.ttuhsc.edu /elpaso/som/ophthalmology/HRetinopathy.aspx (139 words)

	Welcome to Eurotimes
		The prevalence of retinopathy was 7.7% among fls and 4.1% among whites.
		Among hypertensives, retinopathy affected 9.1% of fls and 5.3% of whites.
		Since hypertensive retinopathy is twice as common in African Americans than their white counterparts, Dr Wong suggested that controlling hypertension among African Americans may reduce the disparity.
	www.escrs.org /eurotimes/May2003/hypertension.asp (1209 words)

	Value of routine funduscopy in patients with hypertension: systematic review -- van den Born et al. 331 (7508): 73 -- ...
		of normotension in the absence of hypertensive retinopathy,
		the presence of hypertensive retinopathy was 2.22 (1.36 to 3.62),
		Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Wang Q. Hypertension and retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking in a population.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/331/7508/73 (2737 words)

	hypertensive retinopathy - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Retinal changes depend on factors such as the level of the blood pressure and the state of the arterioles.
		The primary response to hypertension is arteriolar spasm and narrowing.
		Patients with essential hypertension and elderly normotensives develop compensatory arterial changes such as silver wiring and AV nipping.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-1959460862.htm (158 words)

	Hypertensive Retinopathy
		The cotton wool spots in the para arcade area, flame shaped hemorrhages, and disc edema all indicate hypertensive retinopathy.
		As the hypertensive retinopathy is brought under control, the cotton wool spots (local infarcted areas in the nerve fiber layers) would be expected to dissapear in a few weeks.
		This patient represents the common co-existence of diabetic retinopathy and acute hypertension.
	telemedicine.orbis.org /bins/volume_page.asp?cid=2-64-157-350 (274 words)

	Hypertensive Retinopathy: high blood pressure and eye disease--symptoms, treatment and prevention. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hypertensive Retinopathy: high blood pressure and eye disease--symptoms, treatment and prevention.
		Hypertension can cause damage to the blood vessels in the retina, the area at the back of the eye where images focus.
		The only way to treat hypertensive retinopathy is to have your doctor diagnose and treat the hypertension.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=41998 (280 words)

	Eye Conditions > Hypertensive Retinopathy -- EyeMDLink.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hypertensive retinopathy refers to retinal complications that may occur with very high blood pressure.
		Patients with swelling of the optic nerve may have malignant hypertension, a severe form of high blood pressure with a diastolic (lower number) reading of 120 to 130 mm Hg or more.
		Treatment for patients diagnosed with hypertensive retinopathy is medical management of the high blood pressure.
	www.eyemdlink.com /Condition.asp?ConditionID=230 (169 words)

	Hypertensive retinopathy and incident coronary heart disease in high risk men -- Duncan et al. 86 (9): 1002 -- British ...
		Hypertensive retinopathy and incident coronary heart disease in high risk men -- Duncan et al.
		Hypertensive retinopathy consists of a spectrum of retinal vascular
		Hypertension and retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking in a population.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/86/9/1002 (3244 words)

	Absence of hypertensive retinopathy in a Turkish kindred with autosomal dominant hypertension and brachydactyly -- ...
		Absence of hypertensive retinopathy in a Turkish kindred with autosomal dominant hypertension and brachydactyly -- Hattenbach et al.
		Absence of hypertensive retinopathy in a Turkish kindred with autosomal dominant hypertension and brachydactyly
		The absence of hypertensive retinopathy in this novel form of inherited hypertension is due to an altered structure of retinal
	www.bjophthalmol.com /cgi/content/abstract/82/12/1363 (316 words)

	Hypertensive Retinopathy: Retinal Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina as a result of high blood pressure.
		Hypertension damages the small blood vessels in the retina, causing their walls to thicken and thereby narrowing the blood vessels' openings and reducing the blood supply to the retina.
		As hypertensive retinopathy progresses, blood may leak into the retina.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec20/ch234/ch234g.jsp (242 words)

	Hypertensive retinopathy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Subjected to excessively high blood pressure over prolonged time, the small blood vessels that involve the eye are damaged, thickening, bulging and leaking.
		Early signs of retinopathy correlate less well with mortality and morbidity than used to be thought, but signs of accelerated or "malignant" hypertension indicate severe illness.
		Papilledema, or optic disc edema, in patients with malignant hypertension
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypertensive_retinopathy (269 words)

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