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Topic: Hypertext fiction

	Hypertext - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Foreshadowing hypertext was a simple technique used in various reference works (dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc.), consisting of setting a term in small capital letters, as an indication that an entry or article existed for that term (within the same reference work).
		Nelson coined the word "hypertext" in 1965 and helped Andries van Dam develop the Hypertext Editing System in 1968 at Brown University; Engelbart had begun working on his NLS system in 1962 at Stanford Research Institute, although delays in obtaining funding, personnel and equipment meant that its key features were not completed until 1968.
		The development of hypertext fiction, a branch of electronic literature, has coincided with the growth and proliferation of hypertext development software and the emergence of electronic networks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypertext (1348 words)

	Hypertext fiction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature found mostly online, characterized by non-linearity and reader interaction.
		The first hypertext fictions were published prior to the development of the World Wide Web, using software such as Storyspace and Hypercard.
		Michael Joyce's Afternoon, a story is generally considered the first hypertext fiction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypertext_fiction (182 words)

	Introduction to Research Project on Hypertext Fiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Students on campuses across the country are plugging into hypertext fiction, the new genre many English professors are calling the latest in post modern literary theory.
		If hypertext is merely an extension of postmodern fiction, or a manifestation of postmodern theory, then perhaps the best way to study and teach it lies within that realm.
		As David Paddy, who uses hypertext fiction in his course on the postmodern novel, suggests, "ideally, we should try to view hypertext fiction not as written fiction that happens to be on the computer, but as a unique genre wholly shaped by its technological context" (qtd in Academe).
	www.uwm.edu /~vkuhn/maintro.html (544 words)

	Hypertextual Dynamics in A Life Set for Two
		Sections of a hypertext with a parallel structure--such as three groups of nodes describing race relations in different cities--could be presented as one group of variable nodes controlled by states rather than as three separate paths.
		For example, in fiction they could facilitate character or plot development by ensuring that noncontiguous nodes pertaining to a specific character or sequence of events are always encountered in a prescribed order and at a prescribed position (near the beginning, middle, or end) in a reading.
		Hypertext and electronic books are edging text ever further from the structural paradigms of print, but there is still a lot of open road ahead, especially in the direction of new poetry and fiction.
	www.wordcircuits.com /kendall/essays/ht96.htm (6392 words)

	January 6, 1998: Some Thoughts on Writing Hypertext Fiction
		Similarly, within a hypertext, you could be within a scene about a young pilot’s dream of flight, and click on say “soaring” and jump to a scene in which that pilot is soaring into the side of a mountain.
		The difference between regular fiction and hypertext fiction, however, is that in a hypertext the reader both interprets the data that they’re given, and has a greater degree of choice in the way that they navigate it.
		In writing our collaborative hypertext novel, we found it useful to think of the apparatus and structure of the novel as a “ride.” What we, as hypertext authors, set up, is the narrative equivalent of a transportation system: we even consciously adopted a metaphor based on the CTA, Chicago’s public transportation system.
	www.unknownhypertext.com /owlhypertext.htm (1315 words)

	HYPERTEXT POETRY AND FICTION
		Hypertext poetry and hypertext fiction are new genres of literature that use the computer screen as medium, rather than the printed page.
		Hypertext fiction is a collective effort between reader and writer, where the writer provides interlaced web pages of text and the reader decides what order to read the pages.
		Hypertext has been a predictable mate for postmodern theorists, who believe in uncertainty and that texts are open to endless, shifting readings.
	course1.winona.edu /geddy/Eng353/hypertext_poetry_and_fiction.htm (562 words)

	The Chronicle: Information Technology: October 2, 1998
		In a hypertext narrative, for instance, a reader might encounter a screen or two of text describing a sex scene, click to a seemingly unrelated passage about an argument between the two intimate characters, click to an excerpt from a famous novel that relates to the hypertext story, then click back to the sex scene.
		That hypertext novel, afternoon, a story (Eastgate Systems, 1987), immerses readers in the mind of a man who realizes one afternoon that the victims of a car accident he witnessed that morning may have been his ex-wife and son.
		Joyce's students will regard hypertext fiction by semester's end is still an open question, but then, so is the future of the genre.
	chronicle.com /free/v45/i06/06a02601.htm (1827 words)

	The Rationale of Hypertext (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hypertexts allow one to navigate through large masses of documents and to connect these documents, or parts of the documents, in complex ways.
		HyperText provides the means for establishing an indefinite number of "centers", and for expanding their number as well as altering their relationships.
		With hypertext, as with the Net, the separate parts of the ensemble (nodes on the Net, files in a hypertext) are independently structured units.
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /public/jjm2f/rationale.html (8510 words)

	Hypertext Courses
		She describes the confrontation (students had previously studied Eliot, DeLillo, and Lowell) as A Small Odyssey, and her hypertext essay is extremely interesting.Many students hated the hypertext at first, but later found it extremely rewarding; intensive classroom collaboration seems to have been the key.
		Hypertext poet Robert Kendall (A Life Set for Two) will be teaching an advanced class in hypertext poetry and fiction for the New School's remote learning program this fall.
		Hypertext literature comes in all shapes and sizes, from Judy Malloy's Its Name Was Penelope, a small (196 Kbytes) stand-alone poetry collection, to John McDaid's Uncle Buddy's Phantom Funhouse, which comes in a box containing five floppy disks, two cassette tapes, a sheaf of publisher's page proofs, and a "Getting Started" manual.
	www.hypertextkitchen.com /Courses.html (3323 words)

	Special K: Hypertext Fiction- Better than Interactive Fiction? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hypertext fiction is similar to interactive fiction in that they are both stories where the reader can chose what happens.
		Interactive fiction is only written by one author, who can do anything he (or she) wants, without regard to the ideas laid down by other writers (and perhaps even readers).
		The author of hypertext fiction may want a story to take a particular direction, but find that after several readers have added to the story, it will be all but impossible to bring it back to the author's original intentions.
	blogs.setonhill.edu /VanessaKolberg/005142.html (915 words)

	VictoriaMara: Hypertext Fiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We have all been using hypertext and playing games, and we are almost to the point of understanding.
		Hypertext Fiction is games that can go anywhere and do anything.
		Hypertext Fiction is just like normal hypertext as in it is audio-visually stimulating, but here the story line is anything a person can or wants to think up.Hypertext fiction is now over fifteen years old, and during these years hypertext has often been conceptualized using spatial metaphors.
	blogs.setonhill.edu /VictoriaMara/004880.html (211 words)

	Hyper-What?: Some Views on Reader Discomfiture with Hypertext Fiction by Lawrence J. Clark
		Bernstein challenged his audience, which included hypertext systems designers and programmers as well as hypertext fiction authors, to create hypertexts that include elements of mystery, fun, satire, and even "inspired silliness." Another key issue that Bernstein noted is that in today's complicated, information-saturated world, what many people want is not more complication, but simplicity.
		This "problem," of course, is not unique to hypertext fiction, and has been a common complaint of uninitiated readers who are first introduced to many forms of experimental fiction, such as the postmodern works of Thomas Pynchon.
		I find that most hypertext fiction works I read today still have the same problem; this is one of the major complaints of my students, most of whom are being introduced to hypertext fiction for the first time.
	english.ttu.edu /kairos/4.1/coverweb/clark (1300 words)

	Open Directory - Arts: Literature: Reviews and Criticism: Theory: Hypertext (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Encyclopaedia and Hypertext - Hypertext as an object of philosophical reflection.
		The three main research topics are From Encyclopaedia to Hypertext, Hypertext and Text Theory, and The Image Atlas of Aby Warburg.
		Hipertulia - Forum whose aim is to introduce hypertext and hyperfiction to the Spanish-speaking public.
	www.dmoz.org /Arts/Literature/Reviews_and_Criticism/Theory/Hypertext (471 words)

	The Iowa Review Web: Contributors
		He also published a collection of hypertext poems with Eastgate, and is the editor of The New River, a hypertext journal.
		Robert Kendall's hypertext and interactive poetry has been published by Eastgate Systems (both on disk and on their Web site), The Little Magazine, and Version Box (Geneva, Switzerland).
		Stone Moons (Eastgate, forthcoming) is a large hypertext novel about a mother who fights Social Services and the moon for her autistic child.
	www.uiowa.edu /~iareview/mainpages/contribs.html (944 words)

	Hyperizons: Hypertext Fiction
		For those of you unfamiliar with it, hypertext fiction (aka hyperfiction, interactive fiction, nonlinear fiction) is a new art form that while not necessarily made possible by the computer was certainly made feasible by it.
		Readers seeking more extensive definitions of hypertext fiction are invited to browse through the Theory and Criticism section or, better yet, simply start reading a few works--artists always outstrip their would-be definers.
		May 5, 1997:The most recent additions are a couple of collaborative fictions seeking submissions; an academic satire by Doug Robinson, and an essay by Jeffrey Johnson and Maurizio Oliva that discusses a half-dozen or so Web hypertext fictions.
	www.duke.edu /~mshumate/hyperfic.html (631 words)

	alt.hypertext FAQ list
		is a compilation of resources on hypertext theory, hypertext fiction, and criticism, including many original essays and reviews.
		Hypertext is used in many computer-based technologies and so you can find hypertext in many fields of inquiry.
		There are however two main conferences for the discussion and study of hypertext in general: the Hypertext conference and Digital Arts and Culture (DAC).
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~jamie/hypertext-faq.html (2696 words)

	[alt.hypertext] Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ list)
		B. New hypertext literature (fiction and non-fiction) Announcements and discussion of works in hypertext and about hypertext are both appropriate in alt.hypertext.
		Jorn Barger's hypertext timeline is at .
		According to the definition of hypertext in the OED Additions series (see previous reference), he first introduced the term in 1965 at the 20th National Conference of the ACM.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/hypertext-faq (4020 words)

	E-Texts, E-zines, E-books, E-newspapers
		Some of the books in the "Fiction" category are also in hypertext format, but usually only to the extent of breaking a larger work into chapters.
		Hypertext fiction and tree fiction on the Web is an interesting article, with many useful links.
		Essays on hypertext and literature is a great resource if you're researching this new form, or if you'd like to write some yourself.
	www.efn.org /~djz/library.html (904 words)

	Socrates In The Labyrinth
		Socrates in the Labyrinth is a wide-ranging exploration of the relationships between hypertext, thought, and argument.
		But his keen understanding of both hypertext and postmodernism also shows that the relation between hypertext and "the end of the text" is more complex than is sometimes claimed.
		Socrates in the Labyrinth is one of the first works of hypertext non-fiction to examine and exploit the techniques of hypertext rhetoric discovered in the development of serious hypertext fiction.
	www.eastgate.com /catalog/Socrates.html (303 words)

	CMC Magazine: Tracing the Growth of a New Literature
		A decade ago, hypertext fiction came of age with the publication of Michael Joyce's Afternoon.
		With that work, Joyce moved hypertext fiction beyond the realm of games and programs into that of literature.
		In the last few years, hypertext fiction has been undergoing a sort of second childhood on the World Wide Web.
	www.december.com /cmc/mag/1996/dec/shumate.html (236 words)

	samplers2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Larsen has successfully shown that hypertext is not about disorganizing but about reorganizing text in patterns that are not linear but do certainly make sense.
		Deena Larsen shows a mastery of very different styles through the nine short fictions and a remarkable ability to build characters and atmospheres, but the best of Samplers is the deep understanding of how to structure fiction, an understanding that she has chosen to make visible through the map views.
		It is really a master´s lecture on how to write hypertext, curiously not exploiting a typical resource of hypertext fiction: disconcerting the reader losing her in a hidden structure.
	www.ucm.es /info/especulo/hipertul/samplers2.html (1039 words)

	Eastgate Systems, Inc
		These outstanding hypertexts are collected in libraries and studied in universities and schools throughout the world, and have been widely discussed in the literature.
		In this darkly comic hypertext, the unnamed narrator will stop at nothing in her quest to get her boyfriend to say "I love you," and find a job that pays $60K.
		Shelley Jackson's brilliant, unforgettable hypertext novel Patchwork Girl is one of the great achievements of literary hypertext.
	www.eastgate.com (575 words)

	Hypertext Fiction Responses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It would definitely be more difficult to write a story in hypertext format because you have to keep in mind all of the possibilities.
		In hypertext you have to consider several different plot lines at once, possibly figuring out how to link them together at some point in the future.
		Hypertext format because you need to have several different storylines in mind before you start writing.
	www.uwosh.edu /departments/english/38-385/fictresp.html (650 words)

	Twilight - Hypertext Fiction Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hypertext is the presentation of information as a linked network of nodes that readers are free to navigate in a nonlinear fashion.
		Hypertext aficionados prefer writing in the "environment" of these software programs rather than in the traditional paper and ink for many different reasons.
		The concept of "hypertext fiction" is sometimes difficult for people -- especially those unfamiliar with computers and/or the World Wide Web -- to conceive.
	www.poprocks.com /journ/twilight.htm (742 words)

	OBSOLETE: The search for some hypertext fiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There is plenty of postmodern fiction on the net but it's mostly linear text (nothing "hyper" about it, even if some of it is delivered via the World Wide Web).
		Note that to meet my criteria for "interactive hypertext fiction", the reader has to be able to use hyperlinks to find his or her own path through the work -- there can't be a single straightforward path as in the traditional narrative.
		Nevertheless, in order to qualify as "fiction" a work must contain some form of narrative (i.e., a sequence of events in time) and characterization, however fragmented and polymorphous they may be.
	prentissriddle.com /hyperfiction.old.html (1618 words)

	Literary Resources -- Hypertext (Lynch)
		One of the most important theorists of hypertext.
		Index of original hypertext fiction and essays on the medium.
		Hypertext and Hypermedia Bibliography (Scott Stebelman, Seth Katz, and Jim Bonnett, Bradley Univ.)
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/Lit/hyper.html (347 words)

	CMC Magazine: Tracing the Growth of a New Literature
		Aside from the immediate problem of defining the words "good," "hypertext," and "fiction" singly or combined, the problem of genres and people's reading tastes makes the question completely unanswerable in the space of this short article.
		Matthew Miller's Trip is a hypertextual road novel that is one of the few Web fictions that manages to impart both a sense of narrative momentum and spatial organization.
		While the core narrative is slight--Marilyn's purse is or isn't stolen, she does or doesn't confront the thief--Wilson manages, in thirty-eight brief sections, to weave a dense texture.
	www.december.com /cmc/mag/1996/dec/shufict.html (1111 words)

	English 8710: Hypertext Fiction & Theory
		What are the relations between, on the one hand, the formal and generic properties of hypertext fiction and, on the other, the technical features of the medium and its organizational units: the node, the byte, the packet?
		Hypertext narratives, though, complicate this sense of displacement, for they indicate the extent to which literature is by no means an antiquated cultural form relegated to the obsolescent spheres of print—it has instead virtually transformed itself and this course will investigate how it has done so.
		Hypertext fiction projects are also welcome, but they should be accompanied by a short (4-5 pp.) critical analysis of the composition.
	www.english.ucsb.edu /faculty/rraley/courses/hypertext-W99.html (1708 words)

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