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	Hyperthermophile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments - that is, hotter than around 60°C. The optimal temperatures are between 80°C and 110°C; in fact, the recently-discovered "Strain 121" [1] has been able to double its population during 24 hours in an autoclave at 121°C (hence its name).
		Hyperthermophiles were first discovered in the 1960s in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
		The protein molecules in the hyperthermophiles are required to exhibit hyperthermostability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hyperthermophile (383 words)

	Extremophile Research - NSF Hyperthermophile Symposium 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima, grows optimally at 80°C by the fermentation of carbohydrates and disposes of excess reductant by evolving H2.
		Purification, biochemical, and physiological characterization of an L-aminoacylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus
		The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus displayed cold adaptation growth kinetics similar to that observed in E. coli, suggesting that it possesses a novel cold-adaptation response.
	www.che.ncsu.edu /extremophiles/nsf/symposium2000_after.html (6395 words)

	hyperthermophile
		The first to be identified, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, which is both a hyperthermophile and an acidophile, was found in the late 1960s in a hot, acidic spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
		The majority are archaea, although some cyanobacteria and anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria grow well at 70 to 75°C (158 to 167°F).
		Another hyperthermophile that lives in deep-sea vents, Methanopyrus, is of special interest because of its ancient genetic make-up.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/H/hyperthermo.html (352 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hyperthermophile
		My laboratory is focused on the physiology, biochemistry and ecology of marine hyperthermophiles that grow optimally around 100°C and the geomicrobiology of deep-sea hydrothermal environments at life’s upper temperature limit.
		Hyperthermophilic sulfur reducers from the East Pacific Rise deep-sea hydrothermal vents (from Holden et al., 1998).
		The most heat-resistant of all known hyperthermophiles are the anaerobic archaea, including members of the genuses Pyrolobus, Pyrodictium, and Pyrococcus.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hyperthermophile (1124 words)

	Hydrogenase of the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is an Elemental Sulfur Reductase or Sulfhydrogenase: Evidence ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hydrogenase of the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is an Elemental Sulfur Reductase or Sulfhydrogenase: Evidence for a Sulfur-Reducing Hydrogenase Ancestor -- Ma et al.
		Hydrogenase of the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is an Elemental Sulfur Reductase or Sulfhydrogenase: Evidence for a Sulfur-Reducing Hydrogenase Ancestor
		Biochemical and molecular characterization of the [NiFe] hydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus litoralis
	intl.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/90/11/5341 (715 words)

	UMass Amherst Microbiology \| Faculty
		Some of these organisms, called hyperthermophiles, grow optimally at temperatures between 80 and 105°C without sunlight or O 2 and can grow on volcanically-derived H 2 and CO 2 as well as on iron and sulfur compounds from the surrounding minerals.
		The current need is to better understand the growth and physiology of these subsurface hyperthermophiles and to further develop biogeochemical models that predict the significance of their activity in subsurface environments based on predicted levels of energy sources (especially H 2, CO 2, Fe, and S) and fluid chemistry (pH, redox).
		My research focuses on the physiology and genomics of hyperthermophilic archaea that grow near 100°C and the geomicrobiology of the geothermal environments where these organisms are found.
	www.bio.umass.edu /micro/faculty/holden.html (828 words)

	Read about Hyperthermophile at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Hyperthermophile and learn about Hyperthermophile ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments - that is, hotter than around 60°C. The optimal temperatures are between 80°C and 110°C; in fact, the recently-discovered "Strain 121"
		cyanobacteria are able to tolerate temperatures of around 70°C. Many hyperthermophiles are able to withstand other environmental extremes - for instance, high acidity or radiation levels.
		The most hardy hyperthermophiles thus known live on the
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Hyperthermophile (248 words)

	Hyperthermophile: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Most hyperthermophiles are extremophile (extremophile: an extremophile is an organism, usually unicellular, which thrives in or requires "extreme"...
		The most hardy hyperthermophiles thus known live on the superheated (superheated: in physics, superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling delay) is the phenomenon...
		Thermophile (Thermophile: a thermophile is an organism - a type of extremophile - which thrives at...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/hyperthermophile (217 words)

	SPECTRAL SIGNATURES OF HYPERTHERMOPHILE MATS AND ASSOCIATED SINTER IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Absorptions characteristic of the hyperthermophile organism are often observed in the sinter around the spring edge, in association with active sinter deposition, even when such biota are not visible, suggesting that organics occur at some level.
		Inactive sinter (including sinter-sand and -fragments and solid sinter) often display the same characteristic absorptions as observed in active mats, despite the fact that they are dry, at ambient temperature, and display no visible biota.
		These results indicate that the hyperthermophile organisms are being trapped in the sinter and that some of their associated organic compounds are preserved, such that they are recognizable at a later time.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_79174.htm (467 words)

	Whole-Genome DNA Microarray Analysis of a Hyperthermophile and an Archaeon: Pyrococcus furiosus Grown on Carbohydrates ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Whole-Genome DNA Microarray Analysis of a Hyperthermophile and an Archaeon: Pyrococcus furiosus Grown on Carbohydrates or Peptides -- Schut et al.
		Whole-Genome DNA Microarray Analysis of a Hyperthermophile and an Archaeon: Pyrococcus furiosus Grown on Carbohydrates or Peptides
		a hyperthermophile or a nonhalophilic archaeon by using the
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/185/13/3935 (718 words)

	Stimulated interaction between alpha and beta subunits of tryptophan synthase from hyperthermophile enhances its ...
		In order to elucidate the relationship between the features of the subunit association and the thermal stability of the tryptophan synthase, the subunit association and thermal stability were examined by isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively, in comparison with those of the counterpart from E. coli.
		The negative values of the heat capacity change and enthalpy change upon the subunit association were much lower in the hyperthermophile protein than in the mesophile one, indicating that the conformational change of the hyperthermophile protein coupled to the subunit association is slight.
		This increment in denaturation temperature due to complex formation could be quantitatively estimated by the increase in the association constant compared to that of the counterpart from E. coli.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/M210893200v1 (380 words)

	J. Biochem. 130, pp. 107-118 (2001)[body text]
		In the case of hyperthermophile proteins, the thermal denaturation is generally irreversible and only a few small proteins are reported to be reversibly denatured (24, 25).
		In hyperthermophile proteins, ion pair networks on the protein surface are usually assumed to be stabilizing (4, 9, 46).
		From these results and those previously reported, we can conclude that a hyperthermophile protein does not have special factors responsible for its extremely high stability, and that the conformational structure is superior in the combination of positive and negative factors for stabilization compared to a mesophile protein.
	wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp /jbiochem/jb/130-1/1faaedtx.htm (4770 words)

	Investigators and Program Directors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The proteins obtained from hyperthermophilic organisms that live at temperatures above 90°C are far more thermostable than the homologous proteins from organisms that live at more moderate temperatures (mesophiles).
		A popular postulate is that hyperthermophile proteins are less prone to unfold due to an assumed higher degree of structural rigidity.
		In contrast to this hypothesis, using NMR hydrogen exchange techniques, we have shown that near room temperature essentially all of the backbone hydrogen bonds of the Pf rubredoxin are transiently broken for exchange with bulk water on the millisecond timescale.
	www.wadsworth.org /resnres/bios/hernandez.htm (475 words)

	Department of Biological Sciences
		We use a novel approach to this problem by developing and characterizing two model systems that are well-suited for measuring the energetics of DNA binding and distortion.
		These are obtained from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus and are similar to proteins with direct biomedical relevance which have proven to be difficult to characterize energetically.
		W.P. Peters, S.P. Edmondson, and J.W. Shriver (2004) "Thermodynamics of DNA Binding by the Hyperthermophile Chromatin Protein Sac7d" J. Mol.
	www.uah.edu /colleges/science/biology/shriver.htm (588 words)

	Pressure-induced thermostabilization of glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus -- Sun et ...
		Pressure-induced thermostabilization of glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus -- Sun et al.
		hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf), and a recombinant GDH mutant
		Mechanism of pressure-induced thermostabilization of proteins: Studies of glutamate dehydrogenases from the hyperthermophile Thermococcus litoralis
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/abstract/8/5/1056 (288 words)

	Plasmid'96 Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Plasmids are also essential to design vectors and other genetic tools which are presently missing in hyperthermophilic archaea.
		Hyperthermophiles have attracted much attention recently because of their biotechnological potential and their strategic position in early life evolution (1).
		This organism, which has been isolated from a deep sea hydrothermal vent, grows in anaerobic conditions between 67C and 102 with an optimum at 96*C. Sequence analysis of the plasmid pGT5 has revealed that it could replicate via the rolling-circle (RC) mechanism and belongs to the family of RC plasmid pC194 (3).
	www-archbac.u-psud.fr /LabHome/SMarsin/PosterGraz96.html (648 words)

	Helicase and nuclease activities of hyperthermophile Pyrococcus horikoshii Dna2 inhibited by substrates with RNA ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Helicase and nuclease activities of hyperthermophile Pyrococcus horikoshii Dna2 inhibited by substrates with RNA segments at 5'-end.
		Helicase and nuclease activities of hyperthermophile Pyrococcus horikoshii Dna2 inhibited by substrates with RNA segments at 5'-end.These activities depend on MgCl(2) concentrations.
		Both the helicase and nuclease activities of Dna2Pho were inhibited by substrates with RNA segments at the 5'-end of flap DNA, whereas the nuclease activity of Dna2 from S. cerevisiae was reported to be stimulated by RNA segments in the 5'-tail (Bae, S.-H., and Seo, Y. Biol.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9695890.html (184 words)

	The crystal structure of the tryptophan synthase {beta}2 subunit from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		DeDecker, B.S., O'Brien, R., Fleming, P.J., Geiger, J.H., Jackson, S.P. and Sigler, P.B. (1996) The crystal structure of a hyperthermophilic archaeal TATA-box bindingprotein.
		Russell, R.J., Ferguson, J.M., Hough, D.W., Danson, M.J. and Taylor, G.L. (1997) The crystal structure of citrate synthase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus furiosus at 1.9 A resolution.
		Isupov, M.N., Fleming, T.M., Dalby, A.R., Crowhurst, G.S., Bourne, P.C. and andLittlechild, J.A. (1999) Crystal structure of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus.
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/271/13/2624 (4881 words)

	Reduced Temperature Dependence of Collective Conformational Opening in a Hyperthermophile Rubredoxin
		Spatially localized differences in the conformational dynamics of the rubredoxins from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf) and the mesophile Clostridium pasteurianum (Cp) are monitored via amide exchange measurements.
		For the multiple-turn region comprising residues 14-32 in both rubredoxins, the uniformity of both the exchange rate constants and the values of the activation energy at the slowly exchanging sites is consistent with a model of solvent exposure via a subglobal cooperative conformational opening.
		In contrast to the common expectation of increased rigidity in the hyperthermophile proteins, below room temperature Pf rubredoxin exhibits a larger apparent flexibility in this multiple-turn region.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/2001/40/i48/abs/bi0112560.html (252 words)

	E0152: Mad Structure Determination of a Histone from the Hyperthermophile Methanopyrus Kandeleri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, several prokaryotic hyperthermophiles have been identified which produce histone proteins and package DNA into nucleosomes.
		We are determining the crystal structure of a histone (MkaH) from the hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandeleri.
		We are therefor examining the possibilities of non-crystallographic symmetry coincident with a symmetry axis, twinning, or a super-cell to explain the high R factor.
	www.hwi.buffalo.edu /ACA/ACA98/abstracts/text/E0152.html (220 words)

	Frank Robb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We are attempting to define mutations that manipulate the protein chaperoning capacity of heat shock proteins from hyperthermophiles.
		(2001) Genomic sequence of hyperthermophile, Pyrococcus furiosus: implications for physiology and enzymology.
		nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a hydrothermal vent at the Okinawa Trough.
	www.umbi.umd.edu /~comb/faculty/robb/robb.html (1051 words)

	W0202: Crystal Structure of DNA Complexed with a Hyperthermophile Sequence General Binding Protein, Sac7D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The DNA sequences GCGATCGC and GTAATTAC have been co- crystallized with the high temperature DNA stabilizing protein Sac7d from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
		The crystal structure was solved by MIR methods and diffraction data was collected at -150C to 1.6 Å for the GCGATCGC/Sac7d complex and at room temperature to 1.9 Å for the GTAATTAC/Sac7d complex.
		The sequence general binding property of the protein is proposed to result from the ability of waters to bridge between the DNA minor groove and the protein.
	www.hwi.buffalo.edu /ACA/ACA98/abstracts/text/W0202.html (191 words)

	(Beta alpha)8-barrel proteins of tryptophan biosynthesis in the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima.
		(Beta alpha)8-barrel proteins of tryptophan biosynthesis in the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima.The genes were cloned by complementation in vivo of trp deletion strains of Escherichia coli.
		To better understand the evolution of a key metabolic pathway, we have sequenced the trpCFBA gene cluster of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima.
		Amino acid composition and sequence analyses of the protein products of T.maritima trpC (indoleglycerol phosphate synthase), trpF (phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase) and trpA (alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase) suggest that these thermostable (beta alpha)8-barrel proteins may be stabilized by additional salt bridges, compared with the mesostable forms.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/374987.html (198 words)

	Vent Geochemistry: Microbial Habitat
		The primary producers in this system are the wide variety of Bacteria and Archaea that utilize sulfur, hydrogen, methane and other compounds released by the reactions between seawater and magma beneath the 60,000 km-long Midocean Ridge system and other centers of seafloor volcanism.
		Some of the most intriguing of these microbes are the thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea, some of which have optimal growth rates at temperatures exceeding 100°C. The Archaea have specialized enzymes to cope with and thrive in this extreme temperature and pressure regime.
		These "extremozymes" are of great interest to the biotechnology community for many industrial applications, and the deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms are of particular interest because of the high pressure/high temperature environment.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /vents/chemistry/importance.html (560 words)

	index.html
		One of the main interests of our group is the analysis of polysaccharide and oligosaccharide breakdown and utilization by microorganisms adapted to extreme habitats.
		Current projects are aimed at the elucidation of the biochemical properties, the molecular structure and catalytic mechanism, the function(s) of non-catalytic domains, and the cellular localization of selected enzymes of T. maritima.
		Meissner, K., Wassenberg, D., and W. Liebl (2000) The ‘thermostabilising domain’ of the modular xylanase XynA of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima represents a novel type of binding domain with affinity for soluble xylan and mixed-linkage beta -1,3/beta -1,4-glucan.
	www.gwdg.de /~wliebl (653 words)

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