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Topic: Hypocaust

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	St. Albans Museums web site - Verulamium Museum
		A short walk across the park is the new hypocaust building, which presents in situ an original Roman mosaic floor and its underfloor heating system, once part of a large house.
		The hypocaust building is open during musuem opening hours and has free entry.
		The Roman walls and hypocaust are in the park with a path leading to them from the car park.
	www.stalbansmuseums.org.uk /verulamium_museum.htm (360 words)

	Heating & Ventilation Event 2007 - Roman Hypocaust
		Hypocaust heating was used by the Romans in their villas throughout the colder climates in Europe, including Britain, as they expanded their empire.
		There were three kinds of hypocaust: floor heating only, heating via floors and walls, and a warm-air system in which the air was admitted to the room through holes in the floor (sound familiar?).
		Around the second century AD, the hypocaust pillars were abandoned and instead smoke ducts were formed in the subfloor, radiating from the furnace and connected to wall flues (by the earliest ductwork contractors?).
	www.handvexhibition.com /page.cfm/link=45 (314 words)

	Hypocaust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ruins of the hypocaust under the floor of a Roman villa.
		A derivation of hypocaust, the gloria, had been in use in Castile until the arrival of modern heating.
		A picture of the skeleton of a dog found in the hypocaust of a bath in Germany; it had apparently crawled beneath the floor seeking warmth and been asphyxiated by the fumes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypocaust (260 words)

	The Data Center Journal - The First Raised Floors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In Ancient Rome the raised floor or the Hypocaust was used as a method to exhaust gases from the fire that warmed the bath water.
		The Hypocausts other benefit is that it was used to warm the flooring of the bath space which was likely cold tiling or a form of concrete.
		The chamber of the Hypocaust was used to carry the hot air from the furnace that was used to heat the bath waters.
	www.datacenterjournal.com /News/Article.asp?article_id=41 (307 words)

	Inveresk House - Hypocaust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The remains of a hypocausted building lying in the grounds of Inveresk House, East Lothian, form a fragment of the original building uncovered in 1783 during the construction of the present Inveresk to Musselburgh road (Inveresk Brae).
		Over 200 years of exposure to the elements have caused some decay to the structure which no longer is as extensive as when first discovered or recorded a century later by Robert Sruart in 1845.
		The remains consist of a square hypocausted room, 2.60 m by 3.60 m (extant internal measurements), with stone wall foundations preserved on the north and east sides and stone wall footings only on the south side (see 6 in drawing).
	home.comcast.net /~guyharper/ih/hypo.htm (940 words)

	Hypocaust - LoveToKnow 1911
		In colder countries, as for instance in Germany and England, the living rooms were all heated in a similar way, and round Treves (Trier) both systems have been found in two or three Roman villas, with the one flue for the ordinary rooms and several wall flues for the hot baths.
		In England these hypocausts are found in every Roman settlement, and the chief interest in these is centred in the magnificent mosaic pavements with which the principal rooms were laid.
		Many of the pavements found in London and elsewhere have been preserved in the British or the Guildhall museums; and in some of the provincial towns, such as Leicester and Lincoln, they remain in situ many feet below the present level of the town.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Hypocaust (231 words)

	Caldarium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The floor has been removed to reveal the pillars of the hypocaust.
		This was a very hot and steamy room heated by a hypocaust, an underfloor heating system.
		This was the hottest room in the regular sequence of bathing rooms; after the caldarium, bathers would progress to the tepidarium and the frigidarium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caldarium (189 words)

	Trent Concrete - Case Studies
		Trent Concrete supplied unique 'hypocaust' units to the National College for School Leadership on the Jubilee Campus in Nottingham.
		The units are cranked soffit panels suspended from the underside of the first floor slab, enabling all services to be housed in the void formed between the panel and the floor slab.
		The units are in a high-quality, self-finished, lightly etched white reconstructed stone mix with dolomite for additional sparkle.
	www.trentconcrete.co.uk /case_studies/jubileecampus.htm (252 words)

	Jewish Magic in the Roman Bathhouse
		such as the underfloor heating system known as the hypocaust and wall heating elements such as the terra cotta tubuli were very significant in that it made the heating of large bathhouses far more practical.
		The hypocaust functioned by heating the marble floor, which was raised on pillars, from beneath by means of a wood or charcoal fire.
		That the hypocaust itself is a Roman innovation is challenged by Yegul in Baths and Bathing in Late Antiquity, (pg.
	www.winds.org /~frost/words/writings/magic.html (2725 words)

	Villa Photos - high res
		A deeper hole was dug to accommodate the hypocaust.
		The hypocaust room can be seen at the back, with the tubes projecting out of the top of the walls.
		The mosaic is transferred to the floor in the hypocaust, bedded down on lime mortar.
	www.gallica.co.uk /villa/photos_high.htm (410 words)

	Definition of hypocaust - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "hypocaust" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "hypocaust" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "hypocaust" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=hypocaust (60 words)

	Athena Review Image Archive: Vienne: Hypocaust at St.Romain-en-Gal
		Along the Rhône River was the commercial zone and associated residential quarter of St.Romain-en-Gal.
		In the 1st-3rd centuries AD this community had a number of private dwellings with hypocausts or furnaces with hot air vents.
		Similar hypocaust techniques were used in the caldarium or hot room of Roman baths.
	www.athenapub.com /vienhyp1.htm (113 words)

	Tockington Park Roman Villa
		The excavation reports are inconclusive as to the usage of individual rooms, although it’s fairly safe to assume that rooms 30-32 would have been the bath suite.
		Apart from the hypocaust tiles found in this area there is also evidence of the same in room 23.
		Many hypocaust pillars found beneath the broken bits of the pavement.
	romanbristol.tripod.com /avon/tockington.html (1476 words)

	CLAUDIA DAIN \| TO BURN
		Reaching down to rub the throbbing joint, she managed to wedge her hand against her rib cage so that she could hardly breathe and then scraped off half the skin on the back of her hand as she wrenched it free.
		As tight as the hypocaust was, it in no way warmed her.
		It would be wonderful to bake herself warm in front of a fire, her very own fire in her very own house, its light warming the room as much as its heat.
	www.claudiadain.com /to_burn.html (1131 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		This room and its waters, like the tepidarium, were heated by the hypocaust, the system's furnace.
		The hypocaust, below ground and stoked by slaves, heated a tank of water transported by pipe to the appropriate pool.
		The furnace heated the air drawn underneath the floor of the caldarium to heat its tiles.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/lostempires/roman/caldarium.html (197 words)

	Raychem Underfloor Heating chosen Hypocaust: News from Tyco Thermal Controls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Accordingly, Hypocaust is now a distributor for these and will have access to the full Raychem range of underfloor heating products, systems and technology.
		'This is the perfect fit for us.' commented Hypocaust Director, David Brearey, 'It is increasingly important to have a full choice of technologies in order to offer customers the most appropriate underfloor heating system for their application'.
		Jon Jones, Tyco Thermal Controls' Sales Manager was 'pleased, but not surprised' that Hypocaust found the Raychem systems the best electric systems option, and 'very happy that the results of Tyco Thermal Controls major investment in logistical support is being recognised in the marketplace'.
	www.buildingtalk.com /news/tyc/tyc127.html (332 words)

	roman hypocaust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Under the floor would be an empty space with brick or stone pillars at regular intervals to support the floor.
		There would be flues or channels within the walls that would carry the heat upwards and release it via vents into rooms on other storeys.
		In a bath house the caldarium, or 'hot room', would be positioned nearest the furnace and the frigidarium, or 'cold room,' would be the room furthest from the heat.
	www.smr.herefordshire.gov.uk /roman/hypocaust.htm (149 words)

	St. Albans Museums web site - Verulamium Museum
		A short walk across the park is the new hypocaust building, which presents in situ an original Roman mosaic floor and its underfloor heating system, once part of a large house.
		The hypocaust building is open during musuem opening hours and has free entry.
		The Roman walls and hypocaust are in the park with a path leading to them from the car park.
	stalbansmuseums.org.uk /verulamium_museum.htm (360 words)

	Roman mosaic unearthed in St Albans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Probably not seen for nearly 2,000 years, the mosaic is made up of red or brown tessera in a grid of grey Purbeck marble.
		It may be from the corridor of a town house built close to the hypocaust.
		In Roman times hot air, stoked from a pit in a smaller adjoining room, was drawn underneath the floor of the hypocaust building, once part of a large house with up to 35 rooms.
	www.mirabilis.ca /archives/002070.html (144 words)

	channel4.com - Time Team 2004 - Whitestaunton
		Although the Romans were not the first to develop underfloor heating systems (examples have been found in the remains of a number of earlier civilisations), they did spread the idea far more widely than previously, warming the feet of citizens throughout the empire with their hypocaust heating systems.
		This ingenious heating system was at first a status symbol of the rich and wealthy, but later became a standard design in many public facilities and prominent houses.
		We decided to build a reconstruction of a hypocaust system so that we could show how these things were engineered.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/T/timeteam/2004_white_hypo.html (498 words)

	Remains of a Roman Hypocaust (2). photo - Martin Wheatley photos at pbase.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Hypocausts were used to heat the tepidarium (warm bath) and caldarium (hot bath).
		Furnaces directed hot air below the rooms, heating the brick pillars and the undersides of the floors.
		Few would have seen the hypocausts as they were underneath mosaic floors, which are now long gone.
	www.pbase.com /mpwheatley/image/17861681/large (71 words)

	New Hypocaust Building Opens (from This Is Hertfordshire)
		THE new hypocaust building, which houses a celebrated piece of St Albans' heritage, officially opened this week.
		The original building to house the hypocaust was built in the 1930s after archaeologists excavated part of the mosaic floor of a 60m-long Roman house.
		The old building, seen as a blot on the landscape and failed to meet fire regulations, was demolished 18 months ago.
	www.thisishertfordshire.co.uk /news/newsindex/display.var.612788.0.new_hypocaust_building_opens.php (300 words)

	Butser Ancient Farm - Lessons from the Roman Villa
		The early stages draw on the northern corner where considerable evidence of the hypocaust structures existed, including floor levels and an indication of the location of at least some of the wall flues.
		Returning to the article, the first evidence of the behaviour of the hypocaust was described as follows.
		Dr Peter J. Reynolds, "A New Hypocaust for the Millenium", ARA, The Bulletin of the Association for Roman Archaeology, Spring/Summer 1999.
	www.butser.org.uk /iaflrv_hcc.html (631 words)

	Hypocaust - OneLook Dictionary Search
		hypocaust : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Hypocaust : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		HYPOCAUST : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=Hypocaust&ls=a (220 words)

	Welcome to Hypocaust - Specialist in Electric Underfloor Heating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Hypocaust are the UKs leading independent under floor heating company, catering for self-builders, renovators, Do-It-Yourselfer's and large commercial applications.
		From electric cable to full water based pipe systems, for complete homes or individual rooms, Hypocaust create efficient, effective and reliable heating systems for your home or business.
		Please look around our website or click on the 'learn more' link to see how you can benefit from under floor heating, its so easy and simple that there really is no other choice.
	www.hypocaust.net (99 words)

	Technological Substitutions in Housing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Apparently, a hypocaust heating system isn't difficult to keep going, but requires certain skills to create in the first instance.
		So it would be possible to keep Roman architectural forms as long as your hypocaust works, with braziers for additional heat if a winter is particularly cold.
		But if the hypocaust is severely damaged, it might not be possible to repair easily.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/898157 (390 words)

	Nottinghamshire: history and archaeology \| Miscellaneous articles: Antiquities upon Shirewood Forest, and in the ...
		What led to this discovery was his having seen several small Tesserae, which the Romans used in their pavements, said to have been found in the north fields, where, in digging about a foot below the surface, the labourersa came to a wall, which, by following, Mr.
		In clearing out the earth, which was a foot deep to the floors, the walls of most of the rooms appeared to have been stuccoed and painted in the stripes of purple, red, yellow, and green.
		In clearing out the large hypocaust (g) several pieces of a smooth stucco floor were found, which Mr Rooke supposes to have been the floor of the Sudatorium and calida lavatio over the hypocaust.
	www.nottshistory.org.uk /articles/mansfieldwoodhousevilla.htm (731 words)

	Chesters.Roman Baths
		They might then spend some more time in the tepidarium before finishing in the cold room, the frigidarium, with a dip in the cold pool to close the pores.
		The Romans developed and ingenious system to heat the baths—the hypocaust.
		It involved raising the floor by pillars which left plenty of room for hot air from an external furnace, the praefurnium, to circulate.
	www.odysseyadventures.ca /articles/hadrian-wall/chesters_baths.htm (357 words)

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