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Topic: Hypoparathyroidism

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Parathyroid hormone

Vitamin D3

Hypocalcemia

Hyperparathyroidism

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome

Parathyroid gland

Rickets

Haemochromatosis

Tetany

Hypopituitarism

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Idiopathic hypoglycemia

Endocrinology

Hypothyroidism

Tremor

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	Hypoparathyroidism: under-activity of the parathyroid glands.
		Hypoparathyroidism is the state of decreased secretion or activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
		Hypoparathyroidism is a TERRIBLE complication of parathyroid or thyroid surgery.
		Like all patients with hypoparathyroidism, this disease is characterized by hypocalcemia (too low calcium levels), hyperphosphatemia (too high phosphorus levels), but they are distinguished by the fact that they produce PTH but their bones and kidneys do not respond to it.
	www.endocrineweb.com /hypopara.html (1110 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine (endocrinology), hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands, leading to decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
		In contrast to hyperparathyroidism (hyperfunction of the parathyroids), hypoparathyroidism does not have consequences for bone.
		Long-term treatment of hypoparathyroidism is with calcium and Vitamin D3 supplementation (D1 is ineffective in the absence of renal conversion).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypoparathyroidism (395 words)

	Article - Hypoparathyroidism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There are three categories of hypoparathyroidism, (1) deficient parathyroid hormone secretion, (2) inability to make an active form of PTH, and (3) inability of the kidneys and bone to respond to PTH (Muir, 1998).
		Congenital hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the person is born without parathyroid tissue.
		This consists of a diagnosis of HDR (Autosomal Dominant Hypoparathyroidism, Deafness, and Renal Dysplasia) which can be autosomal dominant or not because of a mutation or a small deletion on one of the chromosomes, probably chromosome 10.
	www.pens.org /articles/floyd-j.htm (1042 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism \| aHealthyAdvantage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hypoparathyroidism is the result of a decrease in production of parathyroid hormones by the parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid glands in the neck.
		The destruction of the gland by radiation is a rare cause of hypoparathyroidism.
		Symptoms in the advanced and continuous stages of hypoparathyroidism include splitting of the nails, inadequate tooth development and mental retardation in children, and seizures.
	www.ahealthyadvantage.com /topic/topic100586985 (682 words)

	► Hypoparathyroidism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hypoparathyroidism is the clinical condition caused by a lack of parathyroid hormone.
		The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is injury to the parathyroid glands during head and neck surgery.
		Risk factors for hypoparathyroidism include recent thyroid or neck surgery, family history of parathyroid disorder, or history of certain autoimmune endocrine diseases such as Addison's disease.
	www.marylandhospital.org /ency/article/000385.htm (341 words)

	Endometriosis
		Autoimmune polyglandular deficiency--an inherited form of hypoparathyroidism where antibodies cause the failure of the adrenal glands, ovaries, and the parathyroid glands.
		Transient hypoparathyroidism, a temporary form of hypoparathyroidism that can be seen after exploratory surgery of the parathyroids (for suspected hyperparathyroidism).
		Common symptoms and manifestations of isolated hypoparathyroidism are chiefly those of low blood calcium: muscle spasms, tetany, facial grimacing, and, in extreme cases, laryngeal spasm, and seizures.
	www.targetwoman.com /athene/ovaries (1101 words)

	eMedicine - Hypoparathyroidism : Article by Paul S Thornton, MB, BCh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Transient hypoparathyroidism is common during the first few days of life in preterm infants, infants of mothers with diabetes mellitus, infants of mothers with hypercalcemia, and infants with prolonged delay in parathyroid gland responsiveness.
		DiGeorge syndrome (ie, hypoparathyroidism, T-cell abnormalities, cardiac anomalies) is associated with abnormal development of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches from which the parathyroids derive embryologically and represents an example of a defect in parathyroid gland development.
		Hypoparathyroidism incurred during neck surgery may be transient or permanent depending upon the extent of injury and preservation of the parathyroid glands.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1125.htm (3982 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism
		Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by weakness, muscle cramps, abnormal sensations such as tingling, burning, and numbness (paresthesia) of the hands, excessive nervousness, loss of memory, and headaches.
		In some hypoparathyroid conditions, there may also be pernicious anemia, dry and coarse skin, patchy hair loss (alopecia), thin scant eyebrows, patches of skin that have lost the pigment (vitiligo), and mental depression.
		Hypoparathyroidism is treated with calcium, ergocalciferol and dihydrotachysterol (forms of vitamin D).
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord703.htm (1304 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism
		Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder associated with insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, the inability to make a usable form of parathyroid hormone, or the inability of kidneys and bones to respond to parathyroid hormone production.
		Hypoparathyroidism either may be inherited or acquired; the acquired form usually results from parathyroid surgery or an underlying disorder, such as cancer or neck trauma.
		In the acute phase of hypoparathyroidism, calcium will be administered intravenously; diuretics may be prescribed in that circumstance as well to prevent over excretion of calcium in the urine and to reduce the amount of calcium and vitamin D needed.
	brainybrawn.com /IMCAccess/ConsConditions/Hypoparathyroidismcc.html (934 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism - MedPix Medical Image Database and Teaching Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Particularly suggestive of hypoparathyroidism are intracranial calcifications of the basal ganglia that may later coalesce into homogeneous masses.
		The clinical syndrome of pseudotumor cerebri in association with hypoparathyroidism was reported as early as 1959 by Palmer et al.
		In hypoparathyroidism and PHP, calvarial thickening and hypoplastic dentition are helpful clues, although Paget's disease, sickle cell anemia, and even metastasis may produce increased thickening and sclerosis of the calvarial vault.
	rad.usuhs.mil /medpix/radpix.html?mode=single&comebackto=mode=geo_browse&recnum=1568 (592 words)

	Resource Library: Find information on Hypoparathyroidism at MerckSource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hypoparathyroidism is the disease caused by a lack of PTH.
		DiGeorge syndrome is a childhood disease in which hypoparathyroidism occurs due to a total absence of the parathyroid glands at birth.
		The risk factors for hypoparathyroidism include recent thyroid or neck surgery, a family history of parathyroid disorder, or certain autoimmune endocrine diseases such as Addison's disease.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hc_women_content_adam.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcnszSzcontentzSzadamzSzencyzSzarticlezSz000385zPzhtm (609 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism
		Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormones by the parathyroid glands, the small, oval glands located near the thyroid gland in the neck.
		Symptoms and findings associated with Hypoparathyroidism may include weakness, muscle cramps, excessive nervousness, headaches, and/or increased excitability (hyperexcitability) of nerves resulting in uncontrollable twitching and cramping spasms of certain muscles such as those of the hands, feet, arms, and/or face (tetany).
		Hypoparathyroidism may result from absence of the parathyroid glands at birth, occur due to or in association with a number of different underlying disorders, or result from removal of or damage to the parathyroid glands.
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/nord703.asp (489 words)

	Endotext.com - Diseases of Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism
		Primary hypoparathyroidism is caused by a group of heterogeneous conditions in which hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia occur as a result of deficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion.
		A patient with neonatal hypoparathyroidism was found to be homozygous for a partial deletion acquired from both parents [17], and a pair of siblings with homozygous mutations has been reported recently [18].
		The goal of treatment in hypoparathyroid states is to raise the serum calcium sufficiently to alleviate acute symptoms and prevent the complications of chronic hypocalcemia [129].
	www.endotext.org /parathyroid/parathyroid9/parathyroid9.htm (6001 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism and too little parathyroid hormone. A complication from parathyroid surgery and thyroid surgery.
		The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are synonymous with hypocalcemia and can range from quite mild (tingling in the hands, fingers, and around the mouth) to more severe forms of muscle cramps leading all the way to tetany (severe muscle cramping of the entire body), and convulsions (this is very rare!).
		Hypoparathyroidism occurs when an inexperienced surgeon removes all four parathyroid glands, or removes a couple and kills the remaining one(s) because they were not careful enough.
		A lot of hypOparathyroid patients are now taking Forteo or have tried it in the past to help them cope with the loss of their own parathyroid glands.
	www.parathyroid.com /hypoparathyroidism.htm (2994 words)

	Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by a mutation in the gene for the transcription factor GCMB -- Ding et al. ...
		Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by a mutation in the gene for the transcription factor GCMB -- Ding et al.
		Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by a mutation in the gene for the transcription factor GCMB
		Genomic DNA from four unrelated subjects with familial isolated hypoparathyroidism was amplified using oligonucleotide primers flanking exon 1 (left panel) or exon 2 (right panel); the proband shown in Figure 1 corresponds to subject 2.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/108/8/1215 (4119 words)

	Merck Vet. Edition - Hypoparathyroidism
		In hypoparathyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism), either subnormal amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are secreted, or the hormone secreted is unable to interact normally with target cells.
		Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in adult dogs usually is the result of diffuse lymphocytic parathyroiditis that causes extensive degeneration of chief cells and replacement by fibrous connective tissue.
		Certain cases of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in animals (including man) with histologically normal parathyroids may be due to lack of the specific enzyme in chief cells that converts the pro-PTH molecule to the biologically active PTH secreted by the gland.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/90407.htm (739 words)

	Health & Beauty: information and advice to make your life healthy and your body beautiful (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hypoparathyroidism is a combination of symptoms resulting from deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
		Unlikely hyperparathyroidism, it is a very rare condition and results following surgery to the parathyroid or thyroid glands or even more rarely due to inherited disorders of the parathyroid glands.
		The inheritance of this condition is varied and in these cases the condition is manifested early in life and will require treatment with vitamin D. There is also a form a hypoparathyroidism which is known as ‘Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism’ which is extremely rare.
	ivillage.medicdirect.co.uk /diseases.asp?step=4&pid=353 (379 words)

	Hypocalcemia Due to Hypoparathyroidism
		The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism in
		Conclusion: HPT due to iron overload may develop in a significant number of thalassemia major patients, especially when chelation therapy is not optimal, therefore, all thalassemics should be carefully watched for this complication from early in their second decade.
		Hypoparathyroidism (HPT) secondary to siderosis in thalassemia patients was first described by Gabriele in 1971.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/205_206/00-035.htm (1637 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism
		Hypoparathyroidism, or under functioning of the parathyroid glands, is a rare condition that typically occurs as a consequence of damage during parathyroid or thyroid surgery.
		Hypoparathyroidism results in low blood calcium occurring immediately following parathyroid or thyroid surgery or more chronically in the case of spontaneous hypoparathyroidism.
		PTH levels in chronically low states or suspected postoperative hypoparathyroidism are helpful in both diagnosing the condition and determining the need for ongoing therapy.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/cs/pat/endo/para_hypo.html (146 words)

	Hypoparathyroidism
		Hypoparathyroidism is the clinical condition caused by a lack of PTH.
		Rarely, hypoparathyroidism is a side effect of radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism.
		PTH secretion may be impaired when blood levels of magnesium are low or when blood pH is too high, a condition called metabolic alkalosis.
	www.healthcentral.com /ency/408/000385.html (387 words)

	British Medical Journal: Oestrogen and calcium homeostasis in women with hypoparathyroidism - Lesson of the Week
		Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurs in 0.2%-0.3% of patients who undergo thyroid surgery[1]; it arises less frequently as an inherited or as an autoimmune disease.
		Further inquiry showed that her last menstrual period had been 3 months before the discovery of hypercalcaemia, and her postmenopausal status was confirmed by the finding of raised gonadotrophin concentrations (follicle stimulating hormone 93 U/l, luteinising hormone 109 U/l).
		Remission of hypoparathyroidism during lactation: evidence for a physiological role for prolactin in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7219_319/ai_57827480 (1125 words)

	IngentaConnect Hypoparathyroidism in systemic lupus erythematosus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We present the case of a man diagnosed with lupus and hypoparathyroidism.
		This combined diagnosis has very rarely been reported, which is surprising given the evidence that idiopathic hypoparathyroidism can be due to autoimmunity, the multiplicity of organ systems that lupus can affect and the evidence that other endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism do occur at increased rates in patients with lupus.
		Hypoparathyroidism does not always cause overt clinical symptoms but the resultant hypocalcemia be a significant health risk.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/arn/lu/2005/00000014/00000002/art00010?token=00681ccc621147fe60004e7247444f6d6222346b62687633502b333e3541333c4a2f246c3842577467524866342404860e7793db (163 words)

	An HDR (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, renal dysplasia) syndrome locus maps distal to the DiGeorge syndrome region on ...
		An HDR (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, renal dysplasia) syndrome locus maps distal to the DiGeorge syndrome region on 10p13/14 -- Lichtner et al.
		An HDR (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, renal dysplasia) syndrome locus maps distal to the DiGeorge syndrome region on 10p13/14
		HDR syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, renal dysplasia associated with del(10)(p13)).
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/37/1/33 (2835 words)

	Disease - Hypoparathyroidism - Hartford, Connecticut
		If you undergo thyroid or neck surgery, be watchful for early signs of hypoparathyroidism so that treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplements can be started promptly.
		Supportive care is necessary for an acute life-threatening attack or hypoparathyroid tetany (prolonged muscle contractions).
		Precautions are taken to prevent seizures or larynx spasms.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /12533.cfm (586 words)

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