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Topic: Hypotension

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	Orthostatic Hypotension: Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
		Orthostatic hypotension refers to a reduction of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure that occurs when the heart contracts) of at lest 20 mmHg or a diastolic pressure (pressure when the heart muscle relaxes) of at least 10 mmHg within three minutes of standing.
		Orthostatic hypotension can be caused by several different disorders that affect the entire body (systemic disorders), the central nervous system (CNS, consisting of the brain and spinal cord), and the autonomic nervous system (peripheral autonomic neuropathy) or as a result of taking certain medications that are commonly prescribed by clinicians.
		Nonsymptomatic orthostatic hypotension is a threat for falls or syncope and could be treated by preventive measures that include avoiding warm environments and increasing one's blood pressure by squatting, stooping forward, or crossing one's leg.
	health.enotes.com /neurological-disorders-encyclopedia/orthostatic-hypotension (1274 words)

	What Is Hypotension?
		Hypotension is blood pressure that is lower than 90/60 mmHg.
		Hypotension can be dangerous if a person falls because of dizziness or fainting.
		Shock, a severe form of hypotension, is a life-threatening condition that is often fatal if not treated immediately.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /health/dci/Diseases/hyp/hyp_whatis.html (518 words)

	Orthostatic hypotension in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Postural hypotension was significantly associated with postural dizziness, but it cannot be determined clinically just from the presence of postural dizziness because the sensitivity for diagnosis of postural hypotension is low.
		Postural hypotension may indeed be worsened after insulin injection (because of the insulin-mediated muscular vasodilatation) [3] and/or in the postprandial phase (because of the digestion-related vasodilatation of the splanchnic bed) [4].
		However, the observation that postural hypotension was detected in 15.4% of non-diabetic subjects (compared with 28.4% of diabetic patients) may suggest that a rather high proportion (up to 50%) of diabetic patients meeting the defined criteria of postural hypotension in the experimental protocol used by the authors may not indeed have diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
	www.d4pro.com /idm/site/orthostatic_hypotension_in____.htm (1131 words)

	Orthostatic Hypotension
		Orthostatic hypotension is a sign of autonomic dysfunction and dysautonomia in adults and in children.
		However, the experience of transient hypotension often associated with the symptom of lightheadedness with standing is common among teenagers and is familiar to pediatricians.
		Transient orthostatic hypotension in children and teenagers is a normal phenomenon related to the relative rapidity of blood translocating from the thorax to the dependent parts of the body during orthostasis.
	www.nymc.edu /fhp/centers/syncope/orthostatic_hypotension.htm (350 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 86, Hypotension
		Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly may be due to age-related physiologic changes in blood pressure regulation, to certain disorders, or to use of certain drugs (see Table 86-1).
		Orthostatic hypotension is often provoked by common hypotensive stresses such as dehydration, use of hypotensive drugs, or the Valsalva maneuver during voiding.
		Chronic orthostatic hypotension is usually due to disorders of the autonomic nervous system and is associated with symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (eg, a fixed heart rate, incontinence, constipation, inability to sweat, heat intolerance, impotence, fatigability).
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec11/ch86/ch86b.jsp (1052 words)

	Hypotension - Better Health Channel.
		Hypotension, or low blood pressure, means that the pressure of blood circulating around the body is lower than normal, or lower than expected, given the environmental conditions.
		Orthostatic hypotension means that the blood vessels don’t adjust to a standing position and, instead, allow the blood pressure to drop, which causes a feeling of lightheadedness.
		Hypotension, or low blood pressure, means that the pressure of blood circulating around the body is lower than normal, or lower than expected.
	www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au /bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Hypotension?OpenDocument (658 words)

	Hypotension Summary
		Blood pressure is continuously regulated by the autonomic nervous system, using an elaborate network of receptors, nerves, and hormones to balance the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, which tends to raise blood pressure, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which lowers it.
		It is believed that this form of hypotension is caused by a disordered or aging autonomic nervous system not compensating appropriately while digestion takes place.
		The cardinal symptom of hypotension is lightheadedness or dizziness.
	www.bookrags.com /Hypotension (1194 words)

	Pharmacy Times: Hypotension: Not a Normal Part of Aging
		Orthostatic hypotension (OH) was first described in 1815 but meant little until a century later when practitioners began recording "tilts": blood pressure (BP) and heart rate taken in increasingly upright positions.
		Hypotension is not a definitive diagnosis but rather a symptom of deregulation.
		Hypotension should not be summarily dismissed as a part of normal aging.
	www.pharmacytimes.com /Article.cfm?Menu=1&ID=3776 (1119 words)

	Hypotension Information on Healthline
		Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure.
		The term "hypotension" is usually used only when blood pressure has fallen so far that enough blood can no longer reach the brain, causing dizziness and fainting.
		Postural hypotension may occur if someone is taking certain drugs or medicine for high blood pressure.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/hypotension (627 words)

	The Analyst - Internet Health Report: Condition: Hypotension
		Postural hypotension occurs most frequently in people who are taking drugs to control high blood pressure (hypertension).
		Postprandial (after meals) hypotension is estimated to affect up to one-third of elderly people and is a common cause of dizziness and falls after eating.
		Neurally mediated hypotension occurs when there is an abnormal reflex interaction between the heart and the brain, both of which usually are structurally normal.
	www.digitalnaturopath.com /cond/C154401.html (2460 words)

	ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
		Thus, orthostatic hypotension consists of symptoms of dizziness, faintness or lightheadedness which appear only on standing, and which are caused by low blood pressure.
		Orthostatic hypotension is nearly universal in MSA, present in about 50% of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, and about 5% of patients with Parkinson's.
		Tilt table tests are not needed in orthostatic hypotension, but may be indicated in persons with fainting (syncope).
	www.dizziness-and-balance.com /disorders/medical/orthostatic.html (2197 words)

	Drug-Induced Orthostatic Hypotension
		Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a reduction in systolic blood pressure of at least 20mm Hg or in diastolic blood pressure of at least 10mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing as required by the consensus committee of the American Autonomic Society and the American Academy of Neurology.
		Drug-related orthostatic hypotension is known to be the primary cause of falls in the elderly.
		In a previous study, we found that orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson's disease was associated with modifications in ambulatory blood pressure including loss of circadian rhythm of blood pressure, increased diurnal blood pressure variability and postprandial hypotension.
	www.pitt.edu /AFShome/S/U/SUPER1/public/html/lecture/lec0632/surveillance.html (1513 words)

	Evaluation and Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension
		The diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension requires the occurrence of a sustained postural decrease in blood pressure that may be accompanied by symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion.
		Orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure occurs in patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, but only in association with signs of severe peripheral neuropathy (i.e., absent ankle reflexes and diminished sensation in the calves or thighs and hands).
		In contrast, orthostatic hypotension due to neurogenic causes is usually not amenable to correction of the underlying cause.
	www.neurosy.org /disease/otherdiseases/hypotension.shtml (2897 words)

	Neurally Mediated Hypotension
		Hypotension is the formal medical term for low blood pressure, and syncope is the term for fainting.
		It is likely that we all could develop neurally mediated hypotension provided that the conditions were sufficiently severe: for example, if we did not take in enough fluids or salt, were subjected to extremely prolonged periods of upright posture, or to very warm environments.
		For individuals with neurally mediated hypotension, a low salt intake may be unhealthy, and may move them from feeling good to developing the symptoms of fatigue and lightheadedness described earlier.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~mecfs/general/nmh1.html (2593 words)

	Understanding Low Blood Pressure -- the Basics
		Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure (less than 90/60).
		In such cases, it is known as postural hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, or neurally mediated orthostatic hypotension.
		Postural hypotension is considered a failure of the autonomic nervous system — the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary vital actions, such as the heartbeat — to react appropriately to sudden changes.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/54/61510.htm (664 words)

	eMedicine - Shock and Hypotension in the Newborn : Article by Sunil K Sinha, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hypotension refers to a blood pressure that is lower than the expected reference range.
		Similarly, hypotension is not synonymous with shock, but it may be associated with the later stages of shock.
		Its role in the management of systemic hypotension is uncertain, but serial measurements through an appropriately placed umbilical venous or other central venous catheter may help to guide volume expansion in suspected hypovolemia.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2768.htm (5236 words)

	Hypotension definition - High Blood Pressure (hypertension) and related information on MedicineNet.com
		Hypotension is the opposite of hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure).
		Hypotension is a relative term because the blood pressure normally varies greatly with activity, age, medications, and underlying medical conditions.
		Hypotensive drugs include blood pressure drugs, diuretics (water pills), heart medications (especially calcium antagonists- nifedipine / Procardia, beta blockers-propranolol / Inderal and others), depression medications (such as amitriptyline / Elavil), and alcohol.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3864 (303 words)

	Orthostatic Hypotension: Low Blood Pressure: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Orthostatic hypotension is an excessive decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up, resulting in reduced blood flow to the brain and dizziness or fainting.
		Orthostatic hypotension is not a specific disease but an inability to compensate quickly for changes in blood pressure.
		Orthostatic hypotension is caused by conditions that interfere with the compensatory mechanisms that control blood pressure.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec03/ch023/ch023c.html (880 words)

	Diagnose-Me: Condition: Hypotension
		The first step in treating hypotension is generally to increase fluid intake.
		Although a wide range of drugs (including phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine and the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs indomethacin and ibuprofen) have been used to treat hypotension, many of them are not consistently effective.
		Studies show that it is effective in improving standing blood pressure in those with postural hypotension related to nervous system dysfunction, such as in patients with Shy-Drager syndrome.
	www.diagnose-me.com /cond/C154575.html (2466 words)

	Low blood pressure (hypotension): Causes - MayoClinic.com
		Postural hypotension is especially common in older adults who are more likely to use antihypertensive drugs and to have problems with blood pressure regulation than younger people are.
		Although the end result is similar, neurally mediated hypotension differs from orthostatic hypotension in other important respects: It primarily affects young people, for instance, and rather than resulting from failed blood pressure regulation, it seems to occur because of a miscommunication between the heart and the brain.
		But in people with neurally mediated hypotension, nerves in the heart's left ventricle actually signal the brain that blood pressure is too high, rather than too low, and so the brain lessens the heart rate, decreasing blood pressure even further.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/low-blood-pressure/DS00590/DSECTION=3 (1657 words)

	Dizzy When I Stand Up: Postural Hypotension
		But chronic postural hypotension can be a debilitating condition, associated with increased risk of injury from accidents and falls, and obviously is a cause for concern.
		Postural hypotension is one of the more common side effects associated with these types of drugs.
		Sometimes the cause of postural hypotension is unknown (idiopathic, Shy-Drager syndrome).
	www.drdaveanddee.com /hypotension.html (891 words)

	Orthostatic Hypotension and Parkinson's Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person moves from lying down to standing.
		Orthostatic hypotension can be caused by the disease itself or by the medicines used to treat Parkinson’s disease.
		If the patient has significant symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, and it is not possible to change the medicines, then the doctor must treat the orthostatic hypotension itself.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/2300/2319.asp?index=9385 (737 words)

	Low Blood Pressure - Page 2
		Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure (under 90/60).
		Orthostatic hypotension is characterized by the body's inability to quickly regulate blood pressure after changes in position, so people may feel temporarily light-headed after standing up.
		Also known as neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated hypotension (NMH) is a condition in which the body does not regulate blood pressure well, especially when the person is upright.
	heart.health.ivillage.com /bloodpressure/hypotension2.cfm (643 words)

	UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-Orthostatic Hypotension
		Orthostatic hypotension is not a specific disease but rather a manifestation of abnormal blood pressure regulation due to a variety of causes.
		Clinically, orthostatic hypotension is characterized by a consistent fall in systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more and a concurrent drop in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg when standing from a supine position or during a head up tilt.
		To diagnose orthostatic hypotension, the patient should be allowed to rest in the supine position for at least 5 to 10 minutes after measuring blood pressure.
	www.med.ucla.edu /modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=113 (1774 words)

	Orthostatic Hypotension - NYU Medical Center, NYU Hospital, New York, NY
		Orthostatic hypotension is a condition of abnormal blood pressure regulation upon standing.
		Orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed when symptoms are present and there is a measured reduction in blood pressure while standing, which is relieved by lying down.
		When orthostatic hypotension is due to hypovolemia related to medications, an adjustment in the dosage or discontinuing the medication may be needed to reverse the condition.
	www.med.nyu.edu /patientcare/library/article.html?ChunkIID=34315 (544 words)

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