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Topic: Hypotheses


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In the News (Sun 6 Dec 09)

  
  Hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scientists generally base such hypotheses on previous observations or on extensions of scientific theories.
Normally, scientific hypotheses have the form of a mathematical model.
While some people are temped to term such hypotheses "laws", this would be a mistake since the nature of a hypothesis is explanatory and the nature of a law is descriptive (e.g.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypothesis   (1112 words)

  
 Hypotheses
These hypotheses are important to guide and support the determination of sample size and design for the NCS and are essential to assure that specific research questions can be addressed by the study.
The set of research questions and their corresponding hypotheses garnered from this exercise forms the foundation of the NCS and together provides: a rationale for a long-term, prospective study of approximately 100,000 children; the scientific framework to define the NCS, including sample design, data collection, etc; as well as a "public identity" for the NCS.
Working hypotheses developed by the multiple teams of scientists are posted in a summarized format as an efficient and dynamic reference of the current questions to be addressed by the study.
www.nationalchildrensstudy.gov /research/hypotheses   (587 words)

  
 Hypothesis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
Unlike theories, which are broad conceptual explanations, hypotheses are short and specific statements which guide scientists in making their observations about the natural world.
Hypotheses are the way the ideas of a theory are linked to and tested in the reality of the world.
Once formed, some of his theory's predictions about how the world works suggested hypotheses that were immediately verified, but other predictions were so far ahead that they waited a half-century before technology allowed their testing.
www.bigbend.edu /soc/tcas/hypoth.htm   (862 words)

  
 Hypotheses
The hypotheses (rules) that are applied to the behavior of light follow from the previous considerations and an analysis of the examples discussed later.
Since they are interactive, they must all be considered as part of a single package in order to evaluate their relationship to the physical behavior of light.
Hypotheses #1 and #2 are suggested by Maxwell’s equations of electro­magnetism.
home.earthlink.net /~chkingston/Hypotheses.htm   (279 words)

  
 Variables and Hypotheses
Descriptive hypotheses are always phrased in the form of a question regarding some aspect of the research question.
Hypotheses also are as specific as possible and deal in behaviors rather than attitudes or general feelings.
In the above hypotheses we planned to study anxiety levels, as measured by GSR recordings under the conditions of the client discussing his pending death.
www.sahs.utmb.edu /pellinore/intro_to_research/wad/vars_hyp.htm   (1818 words)

  
 RedOrbit - Science - Sexual Segregation in Ruminants: Definitions, Hypotheses, and Implications for Conservation and ...
Distinguishing proximal correlates of sexual segregation from hypotheses capable of explaining the near-ubiquitous occurrence of this behavior among polygynous ruminants should be the standard for future research.
The important point is that the 2 primary hypotheses for sexual segregation could interact to produce a variety of outcomes with respect to quality of diets obtained by sexes in different environments, which cannot be interpreted readily without an awareness of how predation risk and nutritional needs of sexes lead to their niche separation.
Hypotheses also should explain the widespread nature of sexual segregation, not confuse cause and effect, and be testable (Tables 2 and 3).
www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=117355   (8023 words)

  
 HYPOTHESES AND SENSITIZING CONCEPTS
Quantitative researchers tend to express their research question as testable hypotheses.  However, some exploratory quantitative studies might use sensitizing concepts and questions, but this is less common.
If you are interested in how people make sense of and understand their everyday experiences, how they order and organized their interactions, how they perceive and define reality, and prefer typologies and narrative descriptions over causal explanations, you will most likely prefer qualitative methods and should develop sensitizing concepts and questions.
Hypotheses are statements about the empirical world that are logically derived from theory.
www.mtsu.edu /~jbwallae/3040/lectur04.htm   (568 words)

  
 Writing Hypotheses
A hypotheses should not be confused with a theory.
All of these are examples of hypotheses because they use the tentative word "may.".
A lot of difficulties in writing hypotheses can be traced back to the simple lack of writing skill.
www.accessexcellence.org /21st/TL/filson/writhypo.html   (927 words)

  
 4.6 The reduction hypotheses for test set selection
We present three hypotheses to limit the size of the test set, by reducing the number of cases that must be tested, while preserving the integrity of the test set.
The incrementallity hypotheses are particular in that they do not apply for the construction of individual test cases, but for the construction of test sets based on other test sets.
The incrementallity hypotheses take advantage of the complex, but strong relationship between the test sets of two specifications for two programs, so that unchanged methods need no further testing, and so that test sets defined for a parent class to reduce the test sets to be selected to test the descendant class.
lglwww.epfl.ch /Team/SB/PhD/html/phd.1c.html   (1563 words)

  
 Saudi Aramco World : Piri Reis and the Hapgood Hypotheses   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
In what was a vital aspect of the developing hypotheses, they also concluded that Mallery's "mountains" -the mountains not discovered until this century - were, on the Piri Reis map, the small cluster of islands shown at the bottom toward the right (see page 19).
In addition to other, admittedly fanciful theories, Velikovsky hypothesized that Venus and Mars had once disturbed the rotation of the earth on its axis; he was not only belittled but threatened.
Since they knew the earth was a globe and that the land mass to the north was frozen, it was logical that there should be a land to the far south, balancing that to the north.
www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198001/piri.reis.and.the.hapgood.hypotheses.htm   (8959 words)

  
 Jonathan Treasure: Herbal Hypotheses
The physical and chemical sciences long ago recognized that observations are not superior to hypotheses in generating scientific progress nor are hypotheses superior to observations.
In Medical Hypotheses, the authors' responsibility for the integrity, precision and accuracy of their work is paramount.
Herbal Hypotheses aims to set out radical ideas, speculation and hypotheses about herbal medicine, based on Horrobin's recognition that theory is as essential as observation in medical practice, and by extension, in the development of a modern herbal medicine.
www.herbological.com /herbalhypotheses.html   (657 words)

  
 Libanius, Hypotheses to the Orations of Demosthenes   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
Summary does play a major role in the hypotheses to the longer speeches, but Libanius’ main task was to read each speech and reconstruct the history of events leading up to it.
The hypotheses do not pretend to replace the experience of reading the speeches; they are intended simply to serve as introductions for the novice reader.
The length of individual hypotheses varies, dictated mostly by the complexity of the case at hand and the amount of background material that Libanius believes needs to be provided in order for someone to read the speech with understanding.
www.stoa.org /projects/demos/article_libanius?page=1&greekEncoding=UnicodeC   (559 words)

  
 Hypotheses   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
There is no formal hypothesis, and perhaps the purpose of the study is to explore some area more thoroughly in order to develop some specific hypothesis or prediction that can be tested in future research.
The way we would formally set up the hypothesis test is to formulate two hypothesis statements, one that describes your prediction and one that describes all the other possible outcomes with respect to the hypothesized relationship.
The important thing to remember about stating hypotheses is that you formulate your prediction (directional or not), and then you formulate a second hypothesis that is mutually exclusive of the first and incorporates all possible alternative outcomes for that case.
www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/hypothes.htm   (788 words)

  
 Hypotheses for the origin and spread of BSE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
An attempt is made to put forward the arguments for and against each of the hypotheses but the space needed for this may be too great and hence further contacts are given.
On the other hand hypotheses must be explored to try to prevent a recurrence of events similar to the BSE outbreak.
This is partly described by J Axelrad in Medical Hypotheses 1998;50:259-64 (0044 1455 292738) and by Alan Ebringer in various publications in: see Medline.
www.priondata.org /data/A_hypoth.html   (12919 words)

  
 PSY325: The Psychology of Close Relationships @ Haverford College
You may wish to elaborate on one of your hypotheses for you research proposal (although you don't have to).
Discussion of hypotheses will begin the second week of class (so there is no need to write one for Week 1).
An excellent hypotheses (that receives full credit) will (1) succinctly state a testable prediction, (2) generally and briefly describe a reasonable means of testing the hypothesis, (3) demonstrate a knowledge of the relevant topic (i.e., show how your hypothesis is related to the readings), and (4) not exceed 1 page.
www.haverford.edu /psych/ble/teaching/psy325/hyp.htm   (711 words)

  
 Hypotheses
It sometimes bothers people that scientific facts, hypotheses, laws, and theories generally can't be proven to be true.
Certainly, if the hypotheses generate different predictions it will be a simple matter to pick the best one - as long as it is feasible to carry out the experimental tests.
If two hypotheses can't be distinguished experimentally, choose the simpler one.
www.batesville.k12.in.us /physics/PhyNet/AboutScience/Hypotheses.html   (1595 words)

  
 Experimental Questions and Hypotheses
One of the ways that you can tell if you have written an "answerable" experimental question is to try and reduce the question down into variables (see "variables" module).
Another way of differentiating among experimental hypotheses is to contrast directional and non-directional hypothesis.
More specific and stringent predictions are used more frequently in areas in which a great deal is already known, while less stringent predictions and questions are more common in "exploratory" studies, in areas where a great deal is not known.
web.umr.edu /~psyworld/questions.htm   (577 words)

  
 EPA Supersite - Carnegie Mellon University - Hypotheses   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
The first group of hypotheses fall solely under the purview of the EPA Supersite program and can be tested with atmospheric measurements related to meteorology and air quality, specifically gas-phase pollutant concentrations and the size and composition of PM.
A wide range of data will be collected under funding primarily from DOE that will supplement the ambient measurements and support other aspects of the measurement program such as indoor air quality assessment.
Aerosol Properties: The interactions of particles with water (growth, deliquescence, crystallization, existence of metastable phases, and cloud droplet formation) and their optical properties will be quantified as a function of their chemical composition.
homer.cheme.cmu.edu /hypotheses.htm   (334 words)

  
 Formatting Hypotheses
Students need to be reminded frequently, that a hypothesis is still valid even when results are the opposite of what is predicted because it will still shed light on the true nature of the relationship being tested.
Hypotheses that predict unrelated variables are also useful.
For example, "If the period of a pendulum is related to its mass, then increasing the mass will increase the period." As it turns out, the mass has no effect at all, as the student will discover while testing this hypothesis.
www.accessexcellence.org /21st/TL/filson/formathypo.html   (760 words)

  
 Null Hypotheses
In the null hypotheses considered here, the assumptions involve the absence of forces such as selection and drift, and predictions follow only from the assumptions of Mendelian genetics
These null hypotheses do not model reality, which is complex, but allow us to see how well real data conform or deviate from the model
Hypotheses allow the analysis and reconstruction of models: because nature is complex, it must be broken up into parts (deconstruction) to see how each part or force works on an individual basis, and then we have to figure out how the parts work together in the whole (reconstruction)
www.nyu.edu /pages/projects/fitch/courses/evolution/html/null_hypotheses.html   (748 words)

  
 Lesson3-2-1
This is why hypotheses, whether or not you explicitly write them all out and present them, actually also come in 'sets' for each related research question or problem statement!
The one family where it might be difficult for you to 'pre-guess' what might happen is the family of "descriptive" questions/statements.
So -- it may not be possible, or even desirable, to attempt to formulate and present hypotheses in the case of descriptive research studies.
jan.ucc.nau.edu /~mid/edr610/class/variables/hypotheses/lesson3-2-1.html   (2270 words)

  
 Alzforum: AD Hypotheses
Readers are invited to submit comments on the posted hypotheses as well as their own theories.
You are all encouraged to exchange ideas about how these diverse theories and data might be integrated into a more complete picture of the disease.
This department is devoted to the presentation and exchange of ideas regarding novel hypotheses, hunches, theories-in-progress, and wild speculation.
www.alzforum.org /res/adh/default.asp   (121 words)

  
 Programming hypotheses - JoeyLawrance
Each of these hypotheses should be testable and falsifiable.
After all, some of these hypotheses sound perfectly reasonable, but contradict one another!
That these ideas have more to do with psychology than computer science is no accident.
oregonstate.edu /~lawrancj/wiki/index.php/Programming_hypotheses   (203 words)

  
 All About Dolphins | In the Tank Section 2 (Hypotheses)
There are several hypotheses to explain why marine mammals become entangled in fishing nets.
Marine mammals that live in the open ocean do not understand the concept of a large barrier such as a gill net.
We can see whether the animals become used to the pingers by controlling how often, and for how long, we let different species hear the sounds.
teacher.scholastic.com /dolphin/tank2.htm   (373 words)

  
 Hypotheses in Research   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
Construct 3 directional hypotheses that relate to a criminal justice topic and make sense.
Construct 3 inverse directional hypotheses that relate to a criminal justice topic and make sense.
Construct 3 magnitude with difference hypotheses that relate to a CJ topic and make sense.
faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/308/308lect02.htm   (855 words)

  
 Psychology 470: Hypotheses Generation Notes   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
Life experience is a frequent source of hypotheses and the desire to better understand a social psychological phenomenon
For example, intelligence is often used to explain level of a person's general knowledge, ability to solve problems, apparent success in educational settings, etc. While intelligence does not exist as a real entity (and believing that it does illustrates the process of reification), the construct can lead to other, related predictions.
The rules by which these specific predictions (hypotheses) are generated is termed the "data language" of the theory.
www.cord.edu /faculty/covey/psy470/hypoth.html   (186 words)

  
 Medical Hypotheses
Medical Hypotheses is a forum for ideas in medicine and related biomedical sciences.
Papers in Medical Hypotheses take a standard scientific form in terms of style, structure and referencing.
The journal therefore constitutes a bridge between cutting-edge theory and the mainstream of medical and scientific communication, which ideas must eventually enter if they are to be critiqued and tested against observations.
www.harcourt-international.com /journals/mehy   (329 words)

  
 Hypotheses - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project
Empirical generalizations base themselves on observed regularities, but they don't stipulate the cause and effect themselves, only stating that 'A is related to B'.
Anyone could falsify the hypothesis by observing a single fl sheep.
"Hypotheses non fingo" : "I feign no hypotheses" -- Isaac Newton
www.blackvault.com /wiki/index.php/Hypotheses   (545 words)

  
 Working Hypotheses   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
Our working hypotheses about how community-based organizations contribute to empowerment are listed below.
These hypotheses are based on our interactions with CTC staff and participants as well as our background research.
For most of the hypotheses, these Research Questions are divided into questions about physical capacity and social capacity of the organization.
www.utexas.edu /lbj/rhodesprp/01_02/research/hypo.htm   (167 words)

  
 PFEL-GLOBEC: research hypotheses
he main hypotheses of the US GLOBEC NEP program focus on the relationships between physical and biological variations.
Differences in the mean structure and circulation of the subtropical and subarctic gyres of the north Pacific lead to significant differences in the gyres' responses to decadal forcing.
The basic mechanisms of decadal variability in the NEP are similar to those that produce shorter term (e.g., one to three year) variability, although the initiation regions, processes, or impacts may be different.
www.pfeg.noaa.gov /research/globec/RESEARCH/hypotheses.html   (293 words)

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