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Topic: Hypotonia

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	Generalized hypotonia
		Generalized hypotonia refers to decreased postural tone that involves the four extremities and the trunk.
		Hypotonia or low postural tone is assessed by evaluating the patient while awake.
		A certain degree of generalized hypotonia during the first month of life is normal in neonates born before 34 weeks gestation.
	pediatricneuro.com /alfonso/pg87.htm (266 words)

	Hypotonia: Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
		Hypotonia means "low tone," and refers to a physiological state in which a muscle has decreased tone, or tension.
		An increase in the occurrence of hypotonia in recent years is correlated with increased survival rates of infants born significantly premature, since these children are at increased risk for neurological problems.
		Hypotonia itself is not associated with decreased intellectual development, but the underlying cause may pose significant risks for developmental delay and mental retardation.
	health.enotes.com /neurological-disorders-encyclopedia/hypotonia (1385 words)

	Hypotonia: Encyclopedia of Children's Health
		Hypotonia, also called floppy infant syndrome or infantile hypotonia, is a condition of decreased muscle tone.
		Hypotonia is also characterized by problems with mobility and posture, lethargy, weak ligaments and joints, and poor reflexes.
		When hypotonia is caused by an underlying condition, that condition is treated first, followed by symptomatic and supportive therapy for the hypotonia.
	health.enotes.com /childrens-health-encyclopedia/hypotonia (3278 words)

	Early Recognition and Intervention is the Key to Recovery for Hypotonia
		Benign congenital hypotonia (BCH) is a nonprogressive neuromuscular disorder that is present at birth.
		When hypotonia is not progressive and no causes are found, the decision is often left to parents at what point they wish to stop looking for answers.
		Congenital hypotonia is not benign: early recognition and intervention is the key to recovery.
	www.earlychildhoodmichigan.org /articles/8-03/CohenWhitt8-03.htm (1781 words)

	Hypotonia Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Hypotonia is a medical term used to describe decreased muscle tone (the amount of resistance to movement in a muscle).
		Hypotonia may be caused by trauma, environmental factors, or by genetic, muscle, or central nervous system disorders, such as Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, Prader-Willi syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, and Tay-Sachs disease.
		When hypotonia develops in the adult years, it may be due to diseases associated with cerebellar degeneration (such as multiple sclerosis, Friedreich’s ataxia, or multiple system atrophy) in which neurons in the cerebellum -- the area of the brain that controls muscle coordination and balance -- deteriorate and die.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/hypotonia/hypotonia.htm (479 words)

	HYPOTONIA: Contact a Family - for families with disabled children: information on rare syndromes and disorders
		Often children with hypotonia have good arm and leg movements but the range of movements at the hips, elbows and knees is excessive.
		In a significant number of cases hypotonia is merely a reflection of increased joint laxity and the term 'benign hypermobility syndrome' is often used in these cases.
		In some children the hypotonia might be the manifestation of an underlying more complex condition, such as the chromosomal disorder Prader-Willi syndrome.
	www.cafamily.org.uk /Direct/h63.html (677 words)

	Hypotonia
		Hypotonia is a serious medical condition that entails abnormally decreased muscle tone, and is almost always found as early as infancy.
		Infants who suffer from hypotonia are often described as feeling and appearing as though they are "rag dolls" and are unable to bend their ligaments while they are able to extend them beyond normal lengths.
		Mild hypotonia is often diagnosed by physical and occupational therapists through a series of exercises designed to assess developmental progress, or observation of physical interactions.
	www.mrsci.com /Symptoms/Hypotonia.php (648 words)

	Hypotonia - Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, Prevention, ...
		Hypotonia, also called floppy infant syndrome or infantile hypotonia, is a condition of decreased muscle tone.
		Hypotonia is also characterized by problems with mobility and posture, lethargy, weak ligaments and joints, and poor reflexes.
		When hypotonia is caused by an underlying condition, that condition is treated first, followed by symptomatic and supportive therapy for the hypotonia.
	www.healthofchildren.com /G-H/Hypotonia.html (3346 words)

	Hypotonia - Health Centers
		Infants with hypotonia seem floppy and feel like a "rag doll" does when held.
		Hypotonia is often a sign of a worrisome abnormality and may suggest the presence of central nervous system dysfunction, genetic disorders, or muscle disorders.
		Most of the disorders associated with hypotonia also cause other symptoms that, when taken together, will suggest a particular disorder.
	www.channel3000.com /encyclopedia/6864262/detail.html (442 words)

	hypotonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It can range from mild hypotonia, which may not be noticed for many years, to profound hypotonia which interferes with breathing.
		Hypotonia can be caused by a wide range of conditions, some of which have other characteristics.
		If the hypotonia is due to a problem in the muscles, that means something about the structure of the muscles makes it harder for them to contract.
	www.geocities.com /abnormaldiversity/hypotonia.html (255 words)

	Writing instrument for persons having hypotonia and method of use thereof - Patent 6623135
		Hypotonia is a condition of low or weak muscle tone, and is a symptom of many diseases.
		Hypotonia is generally found in young children, although it may also be found in adults.
		Hypotonia is sometimes also used as an indicator of specific syndromes in children; for example, hypotonia is symptomatic of children having an extra 21.sup.st chromosome, which is the cause of Down syndrome.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6623135.html (2574 words)

	Hypotonia - Health Centers
		Infants with hypotonia seem floppy and feel like a "rag doll" does when held.
		Hypotonia is often a sign of a worrisome abnormality and may suggest the presence of central nervous system dysfunction, genetic disorders, or muscle disorders.
		Most of the disorders associated with hypotonia also cause other symptoms that, when taken together, will suggest a particular disorder.
	www.thebostonchannel.com /encyclopedia/6864262/detail.html (569 words)

	Hypotonia - Real Stories - Sharing our stories of our hypotonic little ones! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		My goal is to create a site full of personal stories to help other people understand hypotonia and see that it maybe isn't as bad as you thought when you first heard those words roll off the pediatrician's tongue.
		Hypotonia can be a symptom of a condition or can occur alone.
		If the child's hypotonia isn't a symptom of a syndrome or brain trama, it seems to be a condition that leaves even the most intelligent doctors confused and unable to tell you what to expect regarding your child's future development.
	www.freewebs.com /hypotonia (318 words)

	hypotonia \| \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Hypotonia is a condition of abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength.
		Hypotonia is not a specific medical disorder, but a potential manifestation of many different diseases and disorders that affect motor nerve control by the brain or muscle strength.
		Recognizing hypotonia, even in early infancy, is usually relatively straightforward, but diagnosing the underlying cause can be difficult and often unsuccessful.
	www.babylon.com /definition/hypotonia/All (159 words)

	Fact Sheet: Hypotonia
		Hypotonia is a symptom of many cerebral, spinal, genetic, or muscular diseases.
		Children with hypotonia are sometimes labeled "floppy" because they have the look and feel of a rag doll.
		Treatment programs include the use of positioning techniques to teach the child how to move about horizontally, how to lie on his or her side, to sit, etc. Sensory programs to teach the child to respond to stimuli (sight, sound, taste, smell, touch) are also used.
	www.bridges4kids.org /Disabilities/articles/HypotoniaFacts.html (677 words)

	Hypotonia, Floppy, Medical Malpractice.
		Hypotonia is often a sign of a worrisome abnormality and may suggest the presence of
		Note: Hypotonia is often a symptom of a bigger problem, often times atrributable to Dr. and/or hospital error (medical malpractice).
		If your baby is diagnosed with hypotonia, cerebral palsy, erbs palsy, brachial plexus, or other related problems and you are concerned that it may have been caused by a mistake or negligence, you should contact the Law offices of Jason A. Waechter for review.
	www.birthlaw.com /shoulder_dystocia_hypotonia.cfm (451 words)

	Hypotonia is a condition of abnormally low muscle tone
		Since hypotonia is most often diagnosed during infancy, it is also known as "floppy infant syndrome" or "infantile hypotonia." Infants who suffer from hypotonia are often described as feeling and appearing as though they are "rag dolls" or a "sack of jello," easily slipping through one's hands.
		Mild or benign hypotonia is often diagnosed by physical and occupational therapists through a series of exercises designed to assess developmental progress, or observation of physical interactions.
		Along with normal pediatric care, specialists who may be involved in the care of a child with hypotonia include developmental pediatricians (specialize in child development), neurologists, neonatologists (specialize in the care of newborns), geneticists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech therapists, orthopedists, pathologists (conduct and interpret biochemical tests and tissue analysis), and specialized nursing care.
	www.livingwithcerebralpalsy.com /page.php?pg=230 (1753 words)

	Hypotonia: symptoms, treatment, prevention, complications, risks, long-term outlook
		Hypotonia is a condition characterized by severely reduced muscle tone.
		Hypotonia may be caused by trauma, environmental factors, or by genetic, muscle, or central nervous system disorders.
		When hypotonia is caused by an underlying condition, that condition is treated first, followed by symptomatic and supportive therapy.
	www.mamashealth.com /muscle/hypo.asp (273 words)

	eMedicine - Congenital Myopathies : Article by Glenn Lopate, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hypotonia is the clinical hallmark of congenital myopathies.
		It presents in the neonatal period as head lag; lack of flexion of the hips, knees, and elbows; external rotation of the hips; diffuse weakness in facial, limb, and axial muscles; and reduced muscle mass.
		Onset occurs in infancy or early childhood and is characterized by hypotonia and proximal weakness.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic76.htm (5732 words)

	Hypotonia (Muscle Weakness) - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston
		An infant with hypotonia exhibits a floppy quality or "rag doll" feeling when he or she is held.
		Hypotonia can be caused by a variety of conditions including those that involve the central nervous system, muscle disorders and genetic disorders.
		No specific therapy is required to treat benign congenital hypotonia, but children with this problem may periodically need treatment for common occurrences associated with hypotonia, such as recurrent joint dislocations.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1106/mainpageS1106P0.html (797 words)

	UK BCH - A Testing Time for Kids
		Hypotonia is not a diagnosis but a symptom - which can indicate any number of neuromuscular, metabolic or genetic disorders.
		Hypotonia can indicate specific syndromes - for example, hypotonia is symptomatic of children with an extra 21st chromosome, or Down syndrome.
		He invited people with hypotonia to e-mail him and the result is a e-mail support group more than 100-strong, with members from a number of countries, including USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Denmark.
	freespace.virgin.net /bch.hypotonia/testingtime.htm (1126 words)

	What is Hypotonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hypotonia, also known as Benign Congenital Hypotonia, is an abnormally severe loss of muscle tone.
		Children with hypotonia benefit from early intervention by occupational and physical therapy strategies that address their problems with mobility and posture.
		Early identification and treatment of hypotonia is essential since the child's inability to explore his environment in a typical fashion can lead to cognitive delays.
	www.psllcnj.com /what_is_hypotonia.htm (199 words)

	Hypotonia, Benign Congenital
		The symptoms of the various disorders formerly called benign congenital hypotonia are low muscle tone (hypotonia) of voluntary skeletal muscles and diminished resistance of the muscles to stretching.
		The disorder is characterized by diminished muscle tone (hypotonia) with generalized weakness of skeletal muscles; diminished or absent tendon reflexes; feeding and swallowing difficulties; and/or an increased susceptibility to respiratory infections leading to potentially life-threatening complications.
		The other principal disorders that cause hypotonia at birth, or in the first three months, are central core disease, minicore disease, myotubular myopathy, and congenital myotonic dystrophy.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord329.htm (1357 words)

	Genes at Work - Topics in Genetics
		Infants with congenital myotonic dystrophy, in addition to severe hypotonia and myopathic facies often hold their feet in a plantar-flexed position.
		Parents may not be aware of their own diagnosis and therefore the family history is not always helpful in diagnosing myotonic dystrophy.
		Both Mendelian and mitochondrial myopathies can present at birth and muscle tissue may need to be sent for EM studies and mitochondrial DNA analysis in addition to routine histology if one is considering a mitochondrial disorder.
	www.umdnj.edu /genesatwork/topics/pediatrics/10_pediatrics.htm (518 words)

	National Women's Newborn Services Clinical Guideline - Neonatal Hypotonia
		Congenital hypotonia is a relatively common diagnosis in the newborn period.
		Weakness is uncommon in central hypotonia except in the acute stages.
		Infants with a peripheral cause for their hypotonia may be at increased risk for problems during labour, delivery and resuscitation and develop hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.
	www.adhb.govt.nz /newborn/Guidelines/Neurology/Hypotonia.htm (572 words)

	WHICH RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TONGUE PROTRUSION AND JOINT LAXITY / HYPOTONIA IN DOWNS? AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON ...
		As for the tongue protrusion, I thought that "we are dealing with an overstimulation of the hypoglossus nerve nucleus, with unintentional repetition of the protrusion movement of the tongue." (Cocchi, 2004).
		If the ligamentous laxity / hypotonia has a role as a cause of the tongue protrusion it should be possible to find that the population where both symptoms appear, is the same, and that there is a statistically meaningful level of correlation between these same symptoms.
		- positive or negative presence of the symptom "lagamentous laxity/ hypotonia (I evaluated its presence according to three degrees of severity: +, ++, +++) and positive or negative presence of the symptom "tongue protrusion" (I evaluated its presence according to two degrees of severity: +/-, +).
	www.stress-cocchi.net /Down43.htm (1799 words)

	My Hypotonia Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		She mentioned hypotonia (low muscle tone), which is a term Mommy saw on a message board after she posted a message about her concerns.
		When I was first born, she would have to put a bib on me, a burb cloth on her lap, and a nursing pad in the nursing bra or milk would be everywhere.
		Mommy can't remember what percentile I am in now at age 3, but she thinks I was around the 50th percentile (whatever the percentile is for a 3 year old weighing 34.8 pounds).
	members.tripod.com /newmomjune03-ivil/hypotoniastory.html (516 words)

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