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Topic: Hypotonic

Related Topics

Hypertonic

Plasmolysis

Cell (biology)

Cell potential

Protoplasm

Isotonic

Plasma membrane

Semipermeable membrane

Osmosis

Solution

Concentration

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	British Journal of Pharmacology - Specific inhibition of stretch-induced increase in L-type calcium channel currents ...
		The present results suggest that cell swelling by hypotonic solution increases the L-type calcium channel currents in canine basilar artery and that herbimycin-sensitive PTK activity is primarily involved in the enhancement of calcium channel currents.
		Hypotonic superfusion was employed, as it provides an alternative way to apply mechanical stress to a cell (Matsuda et al., 1996; Xu et al., 1996; 1997).
		As to the effect of herbimycin A, a cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinase of 60,000 dalton, known as c-Src, is widely distributed in smooth muscle cells (Di Salvo et al., 1989) and is a common target of herbimycin A (Uehara et al., 1989; Uehara, 1997).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v130/n4/full/0703360a.html (0 words)

	Hypotonic Duodenography \| AHealthyMe.com
		Hypotonic duodenography is an x-ray procedure that produces images of the duodenum.
		Hypotonic duodenography may be ordered to detect tumors of the head of the pancreas or the area where the pancreatic and bile ducts meet the small intestine.
		Hypotonic duodenography is also referred to as x ray of the duodenum or simply as duodenography.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100586990 (799 words)

	Hypotonic swelling-induced Ca2+ release by an IP3-insensitive Ca2+ store -- Mohanty et al. 281 (2): C555 -- AJP - Cell ...
		in response to hypotonic swelling is reversible and proportional to
		This increase in response to hypotonic swelling is
		to that in response to hypotonic swelling (3).
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/2/C555 (4407 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Hypotonic
		In biology, a hypotonic cell environment is one with a lower concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm.
		In a hypotonic environment, osmosis causes water to flow into the cell.
		The opposite of hypotonic is hypertonic; the intermediate state is called isotonic[?].
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/hy/Hypotonic (135 words)

	Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are several main causes of hypotonic cerebral palsy: acquired hypotonic cerebral palsy from head injury or asphyxiation, congenital hypotonic cerebral palsy from infections during pregnancy, jaundice, or lack of oxygen to the brain.
		Acquired hypotonic erebral palsy- This type of cerebral palsy occurs when there is damage to the brain after the time of birth.
		Congenital hypotonic cerebral palsy- This type of cerebral palsy occurs when there is an incident which takes place before birth or near birth which damage the motor centers of the brain.
	www.cerebral-palsy-information.com /cerebral_palsy_information/types_cerebral_palsy/hypotonic_cerebral%20_palsy.htm (862 words)

	AllRefer Health - Hypotonia (Decreased Muscle Tone, Floppy, Hypotonic Infant)
		Hypotonia is often a sign of a worrisome abnormality and may suggest the presence of central nervous system dysfunction, genetic disorders, or muscle disorders.
		Hypotonic infants rest with their elbows and knees loosely extended, while infants with normal tone tend to have flexed elbows and knees.
		Infants with normal tone can be lifted with the parent's hands placed under the armpits, while hypotonic infants tend to slip between the hands as the infant's arms rise unresistingly upward.
	health.allrefer.com /health/hypotonia-info.html (0 words)

	Cerebral Palsy Source - Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy
		Hypotonic cerebral palsy infants rest with their elbows and knees loosely extended, while infants with normal tone tend to have flexed elbows and knees.
		Children with hypotonic cerebral palsy have to put forth more effort in order to move their arms and legs, resulting in fatigue.
		Often children with hypotonic cerebral palsy have good arm and leg movements but the range of movements at the hips, elbows and knees is excessive.
	www.cerebralpalsysource.com /Types_of_CP/hypotonic_cp/index.html (608 words)

	Hypotonic Duodenography \| Caremark Health Resources
		Hypotonic duodenography is an x-ray procedure that produces images of the duodenum.
		Hypotonic duodenography may be ordered to detect tumors of the head of the pancreas or the area where the pancreatic and bile ducts meet the small intestine.
		Hypotonic duodenography is also referred to as x ray of the duodenum or simply as duodenography.
	healthresources.caremark.com /topic/topic100586990 (749 words)

	Preparation of cell suspensions
		Hypotonic pretreatment induces swelling of the cells and bursts open the red blood cells from peripheral blood cultures allowing their separation.
		Longer hypotonic incubations (45-60 minutes) or the use of a more hypotonic buffer resulted in longer, thicker, stickier, less refringent chromosomes, very difficult to spread, yielding poor banding but still good FISH signals.
		The pellet can be subjected to hypotonic treatment in the same tube, followed by the addition of a small amount of regular fixative.
	info.med.yale.edu /genetics/ward/tavi/slide03.html (557 words)

	Hypotonic drinks \| Isotonic drinks \| Hypertonic drinks
		In this instance plain water or a drink which is less concentrated than body fluids (hypotonic) will lead to the most rapid fluid uptake.
		If you opt for a sports drink, whether home-made or proprietary, you need to be aware that such drinks fall into three categories, which play different roles in the recovery process and therefore should be consumed at different times after exercise.
		* Hypotonic drinks are dilute carbohydrate electrolyte solutions which are less concentrated than body fluids and are therefore rapidly absorbed by the body.
	www.pponline.co.uk /encyc/0813.htm (810 words)

	Hypotonic Summary
		In biology, a hypotonic cell environment is an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm of the cell.
		In a hypotonic environment, osmosis causes water to have net flow into the cell, causing the swelling and expansion of the cell.
		The opposite of hypotonic is hypertonic, where the net movement of water is directed out of the cell into the environment; the intermediate state is called isotonic, where there is no net movement of water in and out of the cell.
	www.bookrags.com /Hypotonic (538 words)

	Hypotonic activation of volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channels in cultured PASMCs is modulated by SGK ...
		Hypotonic activation of volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channels in cultured PASMCs is modulated by SGK -- Wang et al.
		Hypotonic activation of SGK is mediated by PI3Ks.
		Hypotonic activation of PI3K and Akt/PKB was inhibited in PASMCs, preincubated with wortmannin (Wm; 300 nM).
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/287/2/H533 (7610 words)

	Cerebral Palsy - Healthy Kids and Pediatrics - health and medical information produced by doctors
		Hypotonic CP is often the result of severe brain damage or malformations.
		It is believed that hypotonic CP is the result of an injury or malformation at an earlier brain developmental stage than that which causes spastic or choreoathetoid CP.
		Children with choreoathetoid or hypotonic CP often have increased deep tendon reflexes, which are suggestive of some spasticity.
	www.medicinenet.com /cerebral_palsy/page3.htm (0 words)

	Hypotonic swelling stimulates L-type Ca2+ channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells through PKC -- Ding et al. ...
		Hypotonic swelling stimulates L-type Ca2+ channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells through PKC -- Ding et al.
		PKC isozyme inhibitor peptides on the hypotonic swelling-induced
		Hypotonic swelling increases L-type calcium current in smooth muscle cells of the human stomach.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/287/2/C413 (4941 words)

	Hypotonic stress-induced dual Ca2+ responses in bovine aortic endothelial cells -- Oike et al. 279 (2): 630 -- AJP - ...
		Hypotonic stress-induced dual Ca2+ responses in bovine aortic endothelial cells -- Oike et al.
		Effects of inhibition of phospholipase C on hypotonic stress-induced Ca release in bovine aortic endothelial cells.
		The release of ATP from the endothelium, however, may be because of the cell damage by hypotonic cell swelling.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/2/H630 (4424 words)

	CiteULike: Hypotonic-induced stretch counteracts the efficacy of the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 in guinea ...
		Objectives: The aim was to determine the effect and mechanisms by which myocyte stretch interacts with the prolongation of action potential duration (APD) by the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031.
		Methods: Action potentials and whole-cell currents were measured in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes with a patch clamp procedure during perfusion of normotonic, normotonic with addition of E-4031, and hypotonic plus E-4031 solutions.
		The slow component of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) was upregulated and a stretch-induced CI- current was activated in hypotonic solutions.
	www.citeulike.org /user/weihuil/article/713312 (0 words)

	Hypotonic vs isotonic saline solutions for intravenous fluid management of acute infections
		However, as patients with severe infections often have low sodium levels and adverse effects sometimes occur with the use of large amounts of hypotonic saline, it has been proposed to use intravenous fluids that have a sodium concentration similar to that of a healthy person isotonic saline.
		Hypotonic saline (such as 0.180.3% NaCl with dextrose) is commonly used as maintenance fluid in the management of acute infections.
		Careful research with adequate design and sample sizes is needed to evaluate the benefits and safety of using isotonic saline as maintenance fluid in a variety of acute clinical conditions.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab004169.html (409 words)

	Involvement of Rho-kinase and tyrosine kinase in hypotonic stress-induced ATP release in bovine aortic endothelial ...
		Involvement of Rho-kinase and tyrosine kinase in hypotonic stress-induced ATP release in bovine aortic endothelial cells -- Koyama et al.
		Hypotonic stress also induced a transient rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, which was suppressed by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors Y-27632 and cytochalasin B. However, pretreatment of the cell with cytochalasin B inhibited neither the hypotonic stress-induced ATP release nor the Ca oscillations.
		Furthermore, hypotonic stress-induced Ca oscillations were not affected significantly in cells incubated at 42 °C for 2 h to induce heat shock protein (Fig.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/532/3/759 (5761 words)

	Hypotonic, Isotonic & Hypertonic Sports Drinks supplements for sport (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Due to the lower osmolality, the drink is more dilute, and is therefore absorbed at a faster rate than ordinary water.
		Hypotonic drinks are generally considered to contain less than 4g of carbohydrate per 100ml.
		Isotonic drink are of the same osmolality as the bodies’ own fluids, thus containing comparable amounts of carbohydrate and electrolytes.
	www.supplements4sport.com /hypotonicsportdrinks.htm (163 words)

	Hypotonic-stimulated taurine efflux in skate erythrocytes: regulation by tyrosine phosphatase activity -- Musch et al. ...
		Taurine uptake in vesicles from isotonic (940/940) and volume-expanded (460/460) cells (for 10 min) either untreated or pretreated with FCCP (10 µM for 120 min in isotonic buffer at 15°C) was measured for 5 min in hypotonic (460/460) uptake buffer.
		Vesicles were made from cells that were incubated for varying times in hypotonic (460) medium with either no addition (control) or pervanadate pretreatment (0.5 mM for 10 min in 940 EIM before dilution and volume expansion in 460 EIM).
		Band 3 was immunoprecipitated from cells incubated in isotonic medium (Iso; 0 and 60 min) or hypotonic (460) medium (Hypo; 2, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min) in absence of pervanadate or after 10 min of treatment with pervanadate.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/6/R1677 (5996 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phase III randomized controlled trial of hypotonic intraperitoneal cisplatin combined with oral UFT/PSK for the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer invading the serosa.
		Hypotonic cisplatin had a significant tumorcidal effect in vitro and in vivo.
		Hypotonic intraperitoneal cisplatin was tolerable in phase I clinical study.
	www.asco.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.34d60f5624ba07fd506fe310ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=76f8201eb61a7010VgnVCM100000ed730ad1RCRD&vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=40&abstractID=30139 (571 words)

	eMedicine - Hyponatremia : Article by Eric E Simon
		Hypotonic hyponatremia: Hypotonic hyponatremia always reflects the inability of the kidneys to handle the excretion of free water to match oral intake.
		Hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia: This is characterized by clinically detectable edema or ascites that signifies an increase in total body water and sodium.
		Inappropriate administration of hypotonic intravenous fluids after surgery increases the risk of developing hyponatremia in these vulnerable patients, who retain water due to nonosmotic release of ADH, which is typically elevated for a few days after most surgical procedures.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic1130.htm (6210 words)

	hypotonic
		Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will absorb water and display swelling and turgidity.
		The children with hypotonic athetotic CP or "other" neurologic findings were placed in separate categories.
		L272 in this issue), describes their findings in human bronchial smooth muscle cells in culture that can be stimulated with hypotonic solutions (15...
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/hypotonic.html (142 words)

	Hypotonic PI and Apoptosis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hypotonic propidium iodide solutions are not recommended for use in apoptotic experiments where DNA content measurement is the goal (not to be confused with isotonic propidium iodide used for live/dead discrimination).
		Hypotonic solutions yield nuclei by lysing the cell membrane and thereby releasing the contents of the cytoplasm.
		In cells undergoing apoptosis, DNA fragments and apoptotic bodies can be present in the prepared sample making it difficult to separate them from nuclei on the basis of fluorescence and light scatter.
	www.medicine.uiowa.edu /FlowCytometry/apopt_hypo_pi.html (103 words)

	Transport Videos
		Freshwater is hypotonic to Elodea and maintains normal turgor (osmotic) pressure in the plant.
		Paramecium is a freshwater protozoa (single-cell eukaryotes) and may be obtained by culture (purchased or maintained in the laboratory) or in the field by sampling scum of stagnant water.
		Freshwater is hypotonic to Paramecium, and results in the osmotic movement of water into the cell.
	www.linkpublishing.com /video-transport.htm (1321 words)

	Activation of H+-ATPase by hypotonicity: a novel regulatory mechanism for H+ secretion in IMCD cells -- Amlal et al. ...
		A recent report suggested that IMCD cells undergo RVD after hypotonic shock by activating the Cl channel (21).
		The critical role of the adrenal gland in the renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium during chronic hypotonic expansion.
		The effect of chronic hypotonic volume expansion on the renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/4/F487 (6013 words)

	Megahydrate - dehydration and hypotonic solution
		Hypotonic dehydration is named for the reduced osmolality of ECF which remains after a hypertonic...
		hypotonic oral replacement solution could be safely and effectively used on an outpatient basis to rehydrate children with mild-to-moderate dehydration...
		Hypotonic solution is one that is less concentrated than body fluids.
	www.megahydrate.net /hydration/dehydration-and-hypotonic-solution.html (648 words)

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