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Bison (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) Bison are particularly prone to hypoxemia, bloat regurgitation, and aspiration. Hypoxemia, in the face of hyperthermia, is a particularly serious situation, as hyperthermia increases tissue oxygen demand. Bison are prone to hypoxemia and rumenal tympany. www.ivis.org /special_books/Heard/caulkett3/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1   (2697 words)

alpha -Adrenergic contribution to the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in the chick embryo -- Mulder et al. ... an intense peripheral vasoconstrictor response to acute hypoxemia increase in the peripheral vasoconstrictor response to acute hypoxemia Carotid, not aortic, chemoreceptors mediate the fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in lambs. ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/6/R2004   (3707 words)

Sympathetic control of the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in the chick embryo -- Mulder et al. 282 (4): ... catecholamines increase markedly in response to acute hypoxemia plasma catecholamines in response to hypoxemia is primarily of plasma catecholamines in response to acute hypoxemia (4). ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/4/R1156   (3821 words)

cardiologymall.com/CME; Cardiac Surgery Complications   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Hypoxemia is defined as a pressure of oxygen in blood (paO2) of less than 60 mm Hg, or a hemaglobin O2 saturation of less than 90%. A-a O2D is therefore 0, and alveolar hypoventilation is the sole cause of the hypoxemia. Pneumonia and atelectasis provoke hypoxemia by causing effected lung units to be poorly ventilated. www.abcardia.com /ccpulm2.asp   (5832 words)

Welcome To ASPAN   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Hypoxemia is defined as a state of reduced arterial oxygen content (volume of oxygen per unit of volume of blood) or arterial oxygen partial pressure (amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma [PaO2]). Hypoxemia, which can occur at any time, is a relatively frequent event in the postoperative period and is undetected without the use of pulse oximetry. Hypoxemia continues to be a relatively common complication in the immediate and extended period after surgery and anesthesia. www.aspan.org /EdCeOxy.htm   (7790 words)

Anesthesia of North American Deer Ruminants are prone to hypoxemia during general anesthesia [1]. Hypoxemia is not uncommon during deer anesthesia [1,2]. Hypoxemia, in association with hyperthermia is particularly serious since it increases tissue oxygen demand. www.ivis.org /special_books/Heard/caulkett2/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1   (4774 words)

Postgraduate Medicine: Symposium: Long-term oxygen therapy for COPD Hypoxemia in patients with COPD is related primarily to modest decreases in the ventilationperfusion ratio and, if present, hypercapnia; therefore, it can be corrected with low doses of supplemental oxygen. Hypoxemia that is not corrected with low-dose oxygen therapy warrants evaluation for right-sided or left-sided heart failure, or both, which can cause decreased cardiac output. The classic description of hypoxemia was put forth in 1875 by Tissandier in regard to his accidental rise to 24,600 feet in a high-altitude balloon: "The condition of torpor that overcomes us is extraordinary. www.postgradmed.com /issues/1998/04_98/weg.htm   (3030 words)

THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 78, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hypoxemia or hypercapnia accompanying a respiratory infection may lead to confusion and restlessness, which may be misinterpreted as an age-related change. Hypoxemia, when present, results from ventilation/perfusion mismatching because of bronchospasm, intrabronchial mucus, premature airway collapse, and destruction of alveoli. Care must be taken in diagnosing hypoxemia in elderly persons because the normal partial pressure of oxygen (Po) of a 75-year-old is about 75 mm Hg, compared with 100 mm Hg in younger persons. www.merck.com /mrkshared/mm_geriatrics/sec10/ch78.jsp   (2683 words)

CHEST: Resolution Of Hypoxemia In A Liver Transplant Patient Following Ligation Of A Portosystemic Shunt - Statistical ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Hypoxemia in children with liver disease can result from multiple causes, including alveolar hypoventilation associated with ascites or pleural effusions, and pulmonary hypertension. Her hypoxemia improved, with a room air PaO2 of 66 mm Hg in the upright position. Discussion: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is defined as liver disease and hypoxemia associated with the presence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatation,[1] and is reported in children with end stage liver disease of diverse etiology. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_4_116/ai_57563302   (916 words)

Hypoxemia in the absence of blood loss upregulates iNOS expression and activity in macrophages -- Angele et al. 276 ... Hypoxemia in the absence of blood loss upregulates iNOS expression and activity in macrophages -- Angele et al. Hypoxemia was induced in the rats according to the procedure previously described by Ertel et al. Hypoxemia in the absence of blood loss or significant hypotension causes inflammatory cytokine release. ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/2/C285   (3472 words)

The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) This group of five patients with hypoxemia (two men and three women; mean age 56 years) was compared with the remaining group of 26 patients without hypoxemia (16 men and 10 women; mean age 50 years). In the group with hypoxemia, hemoptysis was present in two patients, clubbing of the digits in one and bilateral basal interstitial changes in chest radiographs in two, while no clinical findings were observed in the normoxemic group. Our finding that patients with hypoxemia were usually in Child Pugh’s stage C and have a longer prothrombin time is consistent with other studies reporting that the probability of hypoxemia is high in advanced liver disease [15, 16, 20-22]. www.turkgastro.org /text.php?id=1   (2035 words)

Indian Pediatrics - Editorial   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Hypoxemia is an important risk factor for mortality in children with ALRI(2). We determined the prevalence of hypoxemia in children with ALRI presenting to emergency service of a tertiary care hospital and tried to identify the clinical signs predictive of hypoxemia. Prevalence and prediction of hypoxemia in children with respiratory infections in the Peruvian Andes. www.indianpediatrics.net /feb2004/feb-129-135.htm   (2059 words)

CHEST: Prevention and management of hypoxemia during fiberoptic bronchoscopy - Editorial   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Hypoxemia occurs with insertion of the bronchoscope through the glottis into the trachea, and becomes worse when local anesthetics or saline solution are instilled into the lower airways. While the hypoxemia is associated with cardiac arrhythmias in 11 to 40% of patients who undergo fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the cardiac rhythm disturbances are rarely important clinically. And, the amount of sedation administered for procedures in the nasopharyngeal tube group was significantly less than for the procedures where the nasopharyngeal tube was not used. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_4_121/ai_85915528   (1038 words)

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 72, Pulmonary Embolism The change in cardiopulmonary function is proportional to the extent of obstruction, which varies with the size and number of emboli obstructing the pulmonary arteries, and to the patient's preembolic cardiopulmonary status. Vasoconstriction is partly mediated by hypoxemia, by serotonin release from platelet aggregates on the thrombi, and possibly by other humoral substances, including prostaglandins. Hypoxemia is due to right-to-left shunting in areas of partial or complete atelectasis not affected by embolization. www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section6/chapter72/72a.htm   (4570 words)

AARC Guideline: Exercise Testing for Evaluation of Hypoxemia and/or desaturation: 2001 Revision & Update   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Exercise testing may be performed to determine the degree of oxygen desaturation and/or hypoxemia that occurs on exertion. For patients with normal adult hemoglobin, the highest accuracy and best performance is attained when the probe is attached to the patient in such a way that the arterial signal has the largest possible amplitude, which is only available with systems that yield a plethysmographic tracing. Prolonged hypoxemia after 10 minutes walking exercise in aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. www.rcjournal.com /online_resources/cpgs/etehdcpg-update.html   (3780 words)

Many biochemical reactions in the body depend on oxygen utilization...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Hypoxemia in the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism is common but not essential. Hypoxemia should be reduced immediately by giving oxygen generally in a concentration of 24 percent to improve oxygenation without losing the respiratory stimulant effect. The goal is to relieve hypoxemia by increasing alveolar tension, to reduce the work of breathing, and to decrease the work of myocardium. www.indegene.com /Pul/FeatArt/indPulFeatArt4.html   (2554 words)

Enhanced Umbilical Blood Flow During Acute Hypoxemia After Chronic Umbilical Cord Compression: A Role for Nitric Oxide ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) hypoxemia in the compromised fetus is the response that occurs Plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol concentrations during acute hypoxemia after a reversible period of adverse intrauterine conditions in the ovine fetus during late gestation. Hind limb glucose and lactate metabolism during umbilical cord compression and acute hypoxemia in the late gestation ovine fetus. circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/108/3/331   (2928 words)

Text The blood flows from the right side of the heart to the left side because the pulmonic stenosis increases resistance to blood flow out of the right ventricle to a point that it is greater than systemic vascular resistance. The hypoxemia is often severe enough to cause cyanosis, either at rest or with exercise/stress. Because of the profound hypoxemia in patients with symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot, polycythemia is a common sequela. www.vmth.ucdavis.edu /cardio/cases/case29/text.htm   (5148 words)

The Hepatopulmonary Syndrome -- Lange and Stoller 122 (7): 521 -- Annals of Internal Medicine dilatations in patients with hypoxemia and liver disease [5,34,47,66]. of shunt in patients with hypoxemia and cirrhosis [29,60]. Hyperventilation and arterial hypoxemia in cirrhosis of the liver. www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/122/7/521   (6504 words)

PCCU Volume 16 On the other hand, when hypoxemia is intermittent (ie, associated with exercise, sleep, or eating), the use of oxygen remains an area of debate for both scientists and insurance companies. LTOT in COPD patients with only mild hypoxemia and exercise desaturations was evaluated in one study in which patients received 6 weeks of oxygen. Intermittent hypoxemia during sleep, especially associated with REM desaturation, is often associated with a severe, acute rise in pulmonary artery pressure and is frequently associated with mild, chronic pulmonary hypertension. www.chestnet.org /education/online/pccu/vol16/lessons7_8/lesson07.php   (2532 words)

Maternally Administered Dexamethasone at 0.7 of Gestation Suppresses Maternal and Fetal Pituitary and Adrenal Responses ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Maternally Administered Dexamethasone at 0.7 of Gestation Suppresses Maternal and Fetal Pituitary and Adrenal Responses to Hypoxemia in Sheep on the fetal responses to acute hypoxemia at <120 dGA is Akagi K, Challis JR 1990 Hormonal and biophysical responses to acute hypoxemia in fetal sheep at 0.7–0.8 gestation. www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/55/5/755   (4872 words)

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism - Cerebral Blood Flow During Hypoxemia and Hemodilution in Rabbits: ... Changes in cGMP during hypoxemia or hemodilution were examined using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, with values before and after the intervention (hypoxemia, hemodilution, or control) treated as the repeated measure. These findings in combination argue that, contrary to the situation with hypoxemia, NO is not involved in the flow increase observed during hemodilution. There is evidence that arterial or arteriolar endothelium or smooth muscle can "sense" luminal oxygen tension directly, and at least a portion of the response may involve NO release (for review, see Pearce, 1995). www.nature.com /jcbfm/journal/v17/n12/full/9590325a.html   (4973 words)

Treatment Complications Sleep Disorders Sleep-related hypoxemia is suggested by the presence of an expanded red cell mass as reflected by an increased hematocrit, along with a patient’s reports of morning headaches and daytime somnolence. Whether or not nocturnal hypoxemia should be treated with oxygen supplementation has been the subject of numerous studies. Transient hypoxemia during sleep in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not a sleep apnea syndrome. www.nlhep.org /books/TrtmntCOPD/16_treatment_complications_H3.html   (772 words)

eMedicine - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome : Article by Eloise M Harman, MD Based on the AECC, ARDS is defined as an acute condition characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia in the absence of evidence for cardiogenic pulmonary edema. ARDS is characterized by the development of acute dyspnea and hypoxemia within hours to days of an inciting event, such as trauma, sepsis, drug overdose, massive transfusion, acute pancreatitis, or aspiration. ARDS is defined by the acute onset of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia in the absence of evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. www.emedicine.com /med/topic70.htm   (7338 words)

PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by systemic arterial hypoxemia secondary to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance with resultant shunting of pulmonary blood flow to the systemic circulation. Since both the pulmonary and systemic resistances are high, a large mechanical load is placed on the heart (especially the right heart) to continue to pump blood to either vascular bed. With high vascular resistance and the subsequent hypoxemia, myocardial performance may become extremely compromised resulting in right heart dilation, tricuspid insufficiency, and right heart failure. neonatal.peds.washington.edu /NICU-WEB/pphn.stm   (3559 words)

Closed-Loop Controlled Inspired Oxygen Concentration for Mechanically Ventilated Very Low Birth Weight Infants With ... Penn JS, Henry MM, Tolman BL Exposure to alternating hypoxia and hyperoxia causes severe proliferative retinopathy in the newborn rat. Phelps DL, Rosenbaum A Effects of marginal hypoxemia on recovery from oxygen-induced retinopathy in the kitten model. Flynn JT, Bancalari E, Snyder ES, A cohort study of transcutaneous oxygen tension and the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity. pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/107/5/1120   (3080 words)

Effects of Chronic Hypoxemia on the Afferent Nerve Activities from Skeletal Muscle -- DOUSSET et al. 164 (8): 1476 -- ... of chronic hypoxemia on the muscle sensitivity are totally unknown. Compared with normoxemic rats, hypoxemia attenuates the nerve responses to KCl 5 mM, 10 mM, and 20 mM (p < 0.001), and also to LA 0.5 mM (p < 0.01), LA 1 mM and 2 mM (p < 0.001), LA 3 mM (p < 0.05). hypoxemia increased the baseline activity of the group III-IV afferents may affect their responses to KCl and lactic acid. ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/164/8/1476   (4295 words)

Asthmatics Have Hypoxemia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Asthma to exclude hypoxemia pulse oximetry pulse oximetry measurement is desirable in... Hypoxemia is decreased oxygen level in the blood... spasms asthmatics asthmatics and plastic surgery asthmatics have hypoxemia asthmatics manchester asthmatics often have... www.dragankatanic.com /16/asthmatics-have-hypoxemia.html   (582 words)

Effects of Hypoxemia on the a- and b-Waves of the Electroretinogram in the Cat Retina -- Derwent and Linsenmeier 41 ... Effects of Hypoxemia on the a- and b-Waves of the Electroretinogram in the Cat Retina -- Derwent and Linsenmeier 41 (11): 3634 -- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Effects of Hypoxemia on the a- and b-Waves of the Electroretinogram in the Cat Retina were detected but did not become greater during severe hypoxemia. www.iovs.org /cgi/content/abstract/41/11/3634   (321 words)

Estrogen pretreatment protects males against hypoxia-induced immune depression -- Knöferl et al. 282 (5): C1087 -- ... Hypoxemia depresses cell-mediated immune functions in males, whereas proestrous females do not show such a depression. Previous studies have shown that the inflammatory response to severe hypoxemia exhibits a gender-specific pattern (18). Severe hypoxemia in the absence of blood loss causes a gender dimorphic immune response. ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/5/C1087   (3290 words)

Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia During Exercise and Sleep in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis -- Bradley et al. 116 (3): 647 -- ... Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia During Exercise and Sleep in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis -- Bradley et al. Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia During Exercise and Sleep in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis nutrition were assessed and correlated with the degree of hypoxemia and www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/116/3/647   (3715 words)

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