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Topic: Hyrcanus II

	HYRCANUS - LoveToKnow Article on HYRCANUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		JoHv HYRCANUS I., high priest of the Jews from 135 to 105 B.c., was the youngest son of Simon Maccabaeus.
		The external policy of Hyrcanus was marked by considerable energy and tact, and, aided as it was by favoring circumstances, was so successful as to leave the Jewish nation in a position of independence and of influence such as it had not known since the days of Solomon.
		JoHN HYRCANUS II., high priest from 78 to 40 B.C., was the eldest son of Alexander Jannaeus by his wife Alexandra, and was thus a grandson of the preceding.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HY/HYRCANUS.htm (1112 words)

	Pompey-Jerusalem through Coins
		John Hyrcanus II, on the advice of his advisor Antipater, then fled to the Nabatean Kingdom and sought the aid of King Areta.
		Hyrcanus II made territorial concessions to Areta and induced him to join forces and siege Jerusalem in 65 BCE.
		Hyrcanus II is the Grandfather of Herod's second wife.
	home1.gte.net /vze3xycv/Jerusalem/confPompey.htm (547 words)

	[No title]
		When his mother died during a revolt led by his brother Aristobulus II, Hyrcanus II was bribed by his brother to relinquish his claim to the throne and the high priesthood.
		Initially, Hyrcanus II agreed, but was convinced by an advisor (Antipater, an Idumean and father of Herod the Great) to rebel against his brother.
		Aristobulus II bribed his brother Hyrcanus II to relinquish his claim to the throne, but Hyrcanus II was advised to do otherwise and revolted against his brother.
	faculty.cbhs.org /rmartin/resources/maccabees_chart.htm (1538 words)

	The Hasmonean Dynasty
		Hyrcanus II and the Pharisees were caught by surprise and gave up without a fight.
		Hyrcanus was eventually forced to flee for his life to the land of the Arabs.
		Hyrcanus II was reinstated as High Priest, and the ambitious Antipater was made Minister of the land of Judea.
	www.zianet.com /maxey/Inter4.htm (1761 words)

	Herod
		Hyrcanus II and Phasael went into the Parthian camp to negotiate a peace but were treacherously imprisoned.
		His second wife was Mariamne, a grand-daughter of the ruler-priest Hyrcanus II; by this marriage Herod connected his own house with that of the Hasmonaeans (Maccabeans), and thus attempted to legalize his kingship in the eyes of the Jews.
		he had the aged Hyrcanus II, the grandfather of his wife Mariamne, killed, and then, a year later, put Mariamne herself to death because he suspected her of plotting against his life.
	www.nisbett.com /people/bp-herod.htm (3465 words)

	FBF - At a Glance
		He took Aristobulus II (the last independent ruler of the Jews) captive to Rome and replaced Hyrcanus II into power-not as king or governor, but only as high priest.
		Hyrcanus II and Antipater II threw their support behind Julius Caesar when he came against Pompey in Egypt (48 bc).
		When Herod appointed Hananeel as high priest to replace the mutilated Hyrcanus II, Alexandra (Herod’s mother-in-law) protested, insisting that her son, Aristobulus, was the rightful replacement.
	www.f-b-f.org /WebMan/Article.asp?ID=4129&Count=true (1553 words)

	Hist5
		Hyrcanus II, backed by Antipater, an Idumean, and the army of the Nabataean king, Aretas, who had lost much territory to the Jews, demanded that Hyrcanus II be reinstated as High Priest and made king.
		The gates were opened to him by the supporters of Hyrcanus II; the supporters of Aristobolus II took refuge in the Temple mount in the lower city.
		Aristobolus II, being the more ambitious of the two brothers, declares war on his brother, Hyrcanus II who is defeated in battle near Jericho; most of his soldiers defected to his brother.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist5.htm (2692 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Ancient: Appendix IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hyrcanus was overthrown in 58 BC by the supporters of Aristobulus II, under the leadership of his son, Alexander, who had escaped Roman imprisonment.
		Salome II's daughter by Costobarus, Berenice, married the Hasmonaean heir, Aristobulus IV, and raised three children: Herodias (wife of Herod II and then of the Tetrarch, Antipas II), Herod III (King of Chalcis 41-48) and Agrippa I (King of Judea 41-44).
		Antipater II (son of first wife, Doris the Idumean.) was brought to court in 14 BC, but was tried and convicted of treason in 5 BC and executed the next year.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht3463aa04.html (12093 words)

	Untitled
		Salome was queen; Hyrcanus II, the elder of her two sons, was high priest; but the Pharisees held the real power, according to Josephus.
		ii and iii describe the suffering and weakening of the Pharisees during the time of the pesher's composition, and anticipate the imminent dissolution of the Pharisaic party.
		ii and iii may be outlined as follows: (1) the "conquest of Jerusalem", (2) the "guilt of the Pharisees", (in terminology deriving from Nahum's reference to harlots), and (3) "exposure and degradation", leading to the punishment of the Pharisees and the triumph of the Community.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /symposiums/7th/BerriFullPaper.htm (4760 words)

	John Hyrcanus II -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		John Hyrcanus II high priest of Judaea from 76 to 40 BC, and, with his brother Aristobulus II, last of the Maccabean (Hasmonean) dynastic rulers.
		Although U.S. political leader and diplomat Adlai E. Stevenson II helped found the United Nations (UN), where he served as chief United States delegate from 1961 to 1965, he tends to be remembered by his countrymen as the eloquent but unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in 1952 and 1956.
		Bhaskara II was born in 1114 in Biddur, India.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9043838 (797 words)

	Queen Alexandra
		Hyrcanus I (nephew of Judah Maccabee) -> Aristobulus I, Antigonus, Alexander Jannaeus;
		Alexander Jannaeus + Alexandra -> Hyrcanus II -> Alexandra -> Mariamme + Herod
		Nor was he mistaken as to his expectations; for this woman kept the dominion, by the opinion that the people had of her piety; for she chiefly studied the ancient customs of her country, and cast those men out of the government that offended against their holy laws.
	members.aol.com /fljosephus/QueenAlexandra.htm (4019 words)

	4Q Pesher Nahum and the Teacher of Righteousness by Gregory L. Doudna
		Hyrcanus II was the oldest son of Alexander Jannaeus (reigned c.
		From the perspective of supporters of Hyrcanus II, Hyrcanus was the legitimate high priest in exile when Aristobulus II was in power and wanted to kill Hyrcanus II.
		The Qumran texts which speak of the Teacher of Righteousness allude to Hyrcanus II during this period—when Hyrcanus II and his supporters perhaps were located literally, as the Qumran texts speak, in “the land of Damascus” (Coele-Syria).
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Doudna_TeacherofRighteousness.htm (1903 words)

	orion-list Hyrcanus II TOR?
		As a snapshot of Hyrcanus II in exile 65-63 BCE as reflected in the world of texts written by supporters, the Teacher of Righteousness remains frozen in time." As a matter of fact there certainly is much to the theory of Hyrcanus being the TOR.
		On the other hand, there is nothing of a legislator in the personality of Hyrcanus as described by Josephus.
		On the contrary, his benevolent attitude in the Sanhedrin in the matter of young Herod transgressing the law intimates that Hyrcanus tried to avoid clashes, being more an epicurean than a teacher of rightousness, with a penchant for martyrdom.
	www.mail-archive.com /orion@panda.mscc.huji.ac.il/msg00814.html (213 words)

	maccabee
		Hyrcanus, who favored Hellenism was apposed by Pharisees and they revolted against him from 95 to 89 killed 50,000.
		Pompey The Great (Roman leader) chose John Hyrcanus II over brother (Aristobulus II) to rule in 63 since Pompey thought he was the weaker of the two.
		Antipater, rich chieftain and advisor to and power behind Hyrcanus, is the father of Herod who governed in Galilee.
	home1.gte.net /~vze3xycv/RulersCoins/maccabeePic.htm (620 words)

	MUSEUM_coins_of_Judea
		John Hyrcanus I ruled from 134 - 104 B.C. Hyrcanus I expanded the boundries and gave the Jewish kingdom a level of power that ended after his death.
		Judah Aristobulus was the oldest son of John Hyrcanus I. He was the first ruler to use the title "king" according to Josephus.
		Agrippa II Agrippa's reign, started in 56 A.D. and lasted until 95 A.D. When his father, Agrippa I died in 44 A.D., Agrippa II was only 16.
	www.bagfulofcoins.com /museum_Judea.htm (610 words)

	Aristobulus II
		Aristobulus II and his brother Hyrcanus II both claimed to be king after the death of their mother.
		Hyrcanus enlisted Antipater of Idumea and Aretas III of the Nabataeans.
		Alexandra, Antipater, Aretas III, Hyrcanus II, Jannaeus, Pompey
	www.ancientroute.com /people/Aristobulus2.htm (216 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Ancient: Appendix III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Demetrius II Captured by the Parthians, 139 BC Demetrius II was captured in Babylonia by the Parthians in 139 BC and lived several years as a royal prisoner of war in Parthia.
		The Pharisees were concerned that John Hyrcanus' mother, Simon's wife, had been legally disqualified to be the wife of a priest because she had been imprisoned together with Simon, her husband back in the days of Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
		Aristobulus II, 67-63 BC Hyrcanus II attempted to carry out his mother's wishes when she died in 67 BC but Aristobulus II captured him, forced him to resign all his royal and priestly powers and receive a pension.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht3463aa03.html (9844 words)

	The Handbook of Biblical Numismatics
		After the death of Antiochus VII in 129 BCE, John Hyrcanus achieved the complete independence of Judaea, and greatly expanded his kingdom through conquests of Idumaea, Samaria, and parts of Transjordan and the Galilee.
		With the exception of an extremely rare medium bronze (double prutah) coin of John Hyrcanus, and large bronze coins (chalcus and dichalcus) of Antigonus Mattathias, all of the Hasmonean coins were small bronze prutahs and tiny half prutahs.
		Hyrcanus' very rare double prutah features a pair of cornucopiae (horns-of-plenty) and a crested helmet; the Hebrew inscription reads "Yehochanan the High Priest and Leader of the Community of the Jews." (#11)
	www.amuseum.org /book/page5.html (564 words)

	Hasmonean Home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On her decision (probably at the request of her husband) to make her oldest son, John Hyrcanus II, the High Priest, Aristobulus II the younger son fought to gain control.
		Mattathias Antigonus, Aristobulus' II other son, however, was able to gain the power of High Priest in 40 BCE and managed to reign until his defeat by the Romans in 37 BCE.
		Thus, with the defeat of the Hasmonean ruler John Hyrcanus, and the defeat of the last blood descendant of the Hasmonean dynasty, Mattathias Antigonus; the Herodian Empire was founded, both with the help and later the consequence of a Roman alliance.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/religion/arcproj/judean/sec_pg.html (556 words)

	Footnotes
		For three years only, from 40 to 37 b.c., while Antigonus, son of Aristobulus and nephew of Hyrcanus, was in power, Jerusalem was independent of Rome, but was soon retaken by Herod the Great and remained from that time on in more or less complete subjection, either as a dependent kingdom or as a province.
		Hyrcanus returned to Jerusalem in 36 b.c., but was no longer high priest.
		Early in his reign he slew Hyrcanus, the grandfather of his best-loved wife Mariamne, upon suspicion of treason; a little later, Mariamne herself was put to death; in 6 b.c.
	www.ccel.org /fathers2/NPNF2-01/footnote/fn7.htm (3468 words)

	THE NAZIR BIRTH STORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 40 B.C.E., the king of Israel and head of the Asmonean (Hasmonean) dynasty was Hyrcanus II, while the Davidian dynasty was lead by Ezekiah of Gamala (who was a Nazir Israelite King-Priest).
		Hyrcanus II was killed by Herod and Ezekiah was proclaimed an enemy of Rome.
		Mary Bat Yoakim was the cousin of Mariamne II, who was the daughter of Hyrcanus II, king of Israel, and head of the Asmonean (Hasmonean) dynasty.
	www.2eden.net /birth.htm (1869 words)

	Second Temple Judaism: A Brief Historical Outline--Part Three
		Hyrcanus captures Samaria and Idumea and forcibly converts and circumcizes the Idumeans.
		Hyrcanus II rules as High Priest during her reign.
		The priesthood of Hyrcanus II is confirmed, and the Jews are granted numerous concessions and considerable autonomy.
	www.westmont.edu /~fisk/Articles/jewhistc.htm (1712 words)

	Herodian Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Herod was born during Alexandra's reign of royal power, and Antipater politically maneuvered between alliances with John Hyrcanus II and the Roman Emperors.
		Never the less, Herod was groomed for a high position within the Jewish Monarchy; he was given a royal education, given high positions within the army, and had an arranged marriage to Mariamme (the grand daughter of Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II).
		Herod was in an interesting political position since he was not a member of the priestly houses and therefore could not rightfully claim the title of "High Priest." He was from Idumaea, an area south of Judea, which had been conquered by the Jewish kings two generations before Herod.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/religion/arcproj/judean/1hero_pg.html (371 words)

	67-4 BCE — Roman Intervention and Herod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The civil war between Aristobulus II and Hyrcanus II — the sons of Alexander Janneus and Salome Alexandra — profits only the Romans.
		The Upper City is in the hands of Hyrcanus II and his followers.
		Pompey favors Hyrcanus II and his adviser Antipater, the Idumean convert and father of Herod.
	www.jerusalem-archives.org /period1/1-16.html (573 words)

	Queen Alexandra
		Aristobulus II Little is known of the parents of Alexandra, but she certainly was a capable person.
		She designated the elder son, Hyrcanus II, as high priest, and kept the political reins herself as Queen.
		The younger son, Aristobulus II was left without any responsibilities, and of course resented the arrangment.
	www.ancientroute.com /people/Alexandra.htm (168 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Supporters of Hyrcanus control Upper City in Jerusalem and open gates to Pompey.
		Hyrcanus II is high priest in Jerusalem and ethnarch of the Jewish people.
		Gamaliel II takes control from Yohanan Ben Zakai of Jewish leadership in Yavneh, asserts authority inherited from Sanhedrin in Jerusalem before the Roman war.
	www.ben-keshet.com /prophecy/roman_period.htm (5831 words)

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