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Topic: IBM 704, 709, 7090 and 7094

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: IBM 7090
		The IBM 7090 was a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
		In April 1964, the first 7094 II was installed, which had almost twice as much general speed as the 7090 due to a faster clock cycle and introduction of overlapped instruction execution.
		An IBM 7040 in operation from 1964 to 1974 at the German university Technische Hochschule Darmstadt The IBM 7040, a scaled down version of the IBM 7090 introduced by IBM in April, 1963, was a later member of the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific computers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/IBM-7090 (2247 words)

	IBM 7090 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IBM 7090 was a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
		The 7090 was the third member of the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers.
		In April 1964, the first 7094 II was installed, which had almost twice as much general speed as the 7090 due to a faster clock cycle and introduction of overlapped instruction execution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IBM_7090 (808 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The 7090 series featured a data channel architecture for input and output, a forerunner of modern direct memory access I/O. Up to 8 data channels could be attached, and 10 tape drives attached to each channel.
		The 7090 and 7094 machines were quite successful for their time, and had a wide variety of software provided for them by IBM.
		IBM 7090 Music From Mathematics recorded in 1960 by Bell Labs, using the "Digital to Sound Transducer" to realize several traditional and original compositions; this album contains the original Daisy (Bicycle Built for Two).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=IBM_7090 (1068 words)

	IBM Card Sorters
		IBM Sorters afford a speedy and accurate method of arranging cards into any desired sequence for the preparation of reports." Likewise, sorting played a critical part in the punched card method of scientific computation, for example in accumulating sums of squares by progressive digiting, as described by Eckert in
		I'm not sure when the Type 75 hit the market but it was after 1928 (when the Type 71 was introduced) and no later than 1935, since a photo of one appears in the Baehne Plates, fifth plate.
		The 084 was unique in that it used a vacuum-assist card-feed mechanism that did not require the use of a card-weight, as the cards were held against the throat and picker knives by suction.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/sorter.html (900 words)

	List of IBM products - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		IBM 740 — IBM 701/IBM 704/IBM 709 Cathode Ray Tube Output Recorder
		IBM 7900 — IBM 7070/IBM 7074 Inquiry Station
		IBM 3370 — FBA devices, they are used to store the microcode and configuration information for the 3090.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_IBM_products (2839 words)

	IBM 701 I/O
		On the IBM 701, 704, 709, 7090 and 7094, a punch card was read by moving the card past a row of 80 brushes in a direction perpendicular to the long dimension of the card.
		The IBM 701 had a card reader and punch adapted from the 514 summary punch, and a printer which was adapted from the IBM 407 accounting machine without its card reader.
		Subsequent machines of the same architectural family were the 704, 709, 7090 and 7094.
	www.cap-lore.com /Hardware/701-IO.html (559 words)

	IBM-7094
		The IBM 701, 704, 709, 7090 (709T) and 7094 were 36 bit parallel computers.
		In the early 1970's a 7090 or 7094 or a Univac 1103 was still a reasonably powerful machine and you could often get them for hauling them away.
		It was probably a different model with some different logic (as Stretch used 8 bits of each 72 for ECC and the 7090 used all the bits as data), but it would have been the same core, the same heated oil bath, the same cabinet, etc.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/ibm-7094.html (737 words)

	IBM 7090 - CompWisdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		After he joined IBM that same year, his initial work was on diagnostic programming for the IBM 709, 7090, and 7950 (an extension of the 7030 Stretch computer), the indexing and output phases of a FORTRAN compiler for the 7030, and various projects of the operating systems for System/360 and System/370.
		Finally, IBM took over support of it, and, with the name changed to IBSYS, it was widely used on the transistor (second-generation) IBM 7090 and 7094 computers.
		For example, if the high-speed mainframe was an IBM 7090 and the lower-speed mainframe was an IBM 1401, the operation was improved by reading the decks of cards on a 1401 and writing the data on a magnetic tape.
	www.compwisdom.com /topics/IBM-7090 (2530 words)

	IBM 700/7000 series
		The IBM 700/7000 series was a series of compatable 36 bit scientific computer systems made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s.
		They were made obsolete by the introduction of the System 360.
		The IBM 7094, with seven index registers had a "compatibility" mode to permit programs from earlier machines that used this trick to continue to be used.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ib/IBM_700___7000_series.html (230 words)

	The Columbia University Computer Center in 1965
		It was continually drenched in IBM #6 lubricating oil-some of which necessarily ended up on the print ribbon and so on the paper -- and it was driven by a massive motor, gear-works and electric clutch.
		Both the card reader and the card punch were cabled through the IBM 716 printer, and were driven by the same Data Channel circuitry excepting only that two or three sets of relays transferred the data-path signals to one device or another.
		IBM Selectric-typewriter-based terminals (not 2741s) appear to the left and right, probably locally attached to the 7040 as consoles.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/1965.html (2113 words)

	PDP1 3636
		An early version of CTSS was demonstrated on an IBM 709 at MIT in November, 1961.
		IBM also gave MIT the services of some highly send Systems Engineers and Customer Engineers, who formed its MIT Liaison Office, which was housed at the MIT Computation Center.
		Other time-sharing developments are being made at the Carnegie Insbreastute of Technology with a G20 computer, at the University of California at Berkeley with a 7090, at the Rand Corporation with Johnniac, and at MIT (by Professor Dennis) with a PDP-1.
	www.plex86.org /Computer_Folklore/PDP1-3636.html (516 words)

	An Introduction to Virtualization
		IBM has long been a pioneer in the area of virtual machines, and virtualization is an important part of IBM's many offerings.
		IBM had provided an IBM 704 computer, a series of upgrades (such as to the 709, 7090, and 7094), and access to some of its system engineers to MIT in the 1950s.
		IBM's Logical Partitioning (LPAR) allows you to run multiple, independent operating system images of AIX and Linux on a single server (that supports such partitioning, such as the pSeries family).
	www.kernelthread.com /publications/virtualization (7995 words)

	C:\BELLBO~1\COMPSR&E\HTMFILES\00000535.HTM
		The IBM 701 [Astrahan and Rochester, 1952; Buchholz, 1953] is a forerunner of the series; all except the 701 are painfully compatible.
		The 701, 704, and 709 are first-generation, vacuum-tube technology; the rest are second-generation.
		The 709 introduced the Pio(' Data Channels) to improve the ability to transfer data between Mp and Ms without requiring Pc intervention.
	research.microsoft.com /~gbell/Computer_Structures__Readings_and_Examples/00000535.htm (345 words)

	The origin of CAR and CDR in LISP
		Note that the machine referenced was the IBM 704, not the 7090 or the 709.
		The 704 family (704, 709, 7090) had "Address" and "Decrement" fields that were 15 bits long in some of the looping instructions.
		First a correction: The first implementations of Lisp were on the IBM 704, the vacuum-tube ancestor of the vacuum-tube 709, the ancestor of the transistorized 7090, later upgraded to the 7094.
	www.iwriteiam.nl /HaCAR_CDR.html (1830 words)

	IBM 7090/94 Architecture Home Page
		The IBM 7090/94 series was the most popular family of large second-generation transistorized mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
		The first 7090 installation was in November 1959 and was followed in September 1962 by the improved 7094 which was faster and had additional hardware instructions.
		By 1965, over 300 IBM 7090/94 systems had been installed with an average purchase price of about $3-million (most were rented from IBM for about $70,000 per month or for about $450,000 per month in today's money as adjusted for inflation).
	www.frobenius.com /7090.htm (1017 words)

	Mainframe
		The 704 and the 705 were the first commercial machines with core memories.
		The IBM 1401 is called the Model T of the computer business, because it is the first mass-produced digital, all-transistorized, business computer that can be afforded by many businesses worldwide.
		The 7094 internally performed mathematical computations 1.4 to 2.4 times faster than the IBM 7090, A typical 7094 sold for $3,134,500.
	www.thocp.net /hardware/mainframe.htm (3297 words)

	22C:122/55:132, Lecture 14, Spring 2004
		While IBM did this, they also set out to correct a number of problems with their existing machines and incorporate all of the good ideas they were aware of into one architecture.
		In the case of the 360, IBM planned, from the start, to offer both slow, inexpensive versions of the architecture, with microcoded implementations based on 8 or 16-bit internal data paths, and fast, expensive versions with 32-bit data paths and tightly optimized control units.
		Use of direct-memory access channels; IBM's channel processors were extremely complex, comparable to small general purpose computers, but they were not able to execute general purpose programs (channels did, however, have fetch execute cycles!).
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jones/arch/notes/14ibm.html (1931 words)

	BSS
		Block started by symbol (BSS) was a pseudo-op in FAP (Fortran Assembly Program), the standard IBM assembler for the IBM 704, 709, 7090 and 7094 computers.
		It defined its label and reserved space for a given number of words.
		Brought to you by NoChildLeftBehind.com and the Beaches and Towns Network, LLC.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/b/bs/bss.html (82 words)

	1952 - 1953 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		in Korea, IBM took the opportunity to contribute to the war effort by providing a "Defense Calculator" that was in fact their first true entry into the computer business.
		The IBM "Type 701 EDPM" was built as a result of the conviction of T.J. Watson, Jr.
		7090 and 7094, dominated the large mainframe market for the next decade, and brought IBM from computer obscurity to first place in that same time period.
	web.bryant.edu /~ehu/h364proj/sprg_99/sanghai/1952-53.htm (362 words)

	BRL Report 1964
		IBM Console, Model 3, used to enter or obtain (print) data, can also be attached to terminal equipment, thereby providing buffered, remote communication ability.
		IBM 1404 Printer, used in lieu of 1403, has all continuous form printing functions of 1403, plus a dual channel cut-card feeding mechanism.
		IBM 729 II, IV, V, VI tape units may also be used on IBM 7094 system.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/BRL64-i.html (7422 words)

	Vaccuum Tube Assembly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The IBM 704 became the dominant vaccuum-tube logic computer in the late 1950'ies.
		It was the first IBM machine to use core memory.
		An IBM 7094 (enhanced with 7 instead of 3 index registers) became a prime computing machine at Stanford and is shown, with Prof.
	www-db.stanford.edu /pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/2-2-Tubes.htm (243 words)

	Programming
		IBM 704 was the first commercially available scientific computer with a hardware floating point arithmetic unit and set the standard for scientific programming in the 1950's.
		Fortran was developed as the scientific programming language for the 704, and many of the boundaries of the fixed-form source code input format are due to the peculiarities of the 704 architecture.
		IBM's follow-on scientific computing systems, the tube logic 709 and transistor logic 7030 (STRETCH), 7090 and 7094, mostly retained binary compatibility with the 704.
	insar.stanford.edu /~lharcke/programming (2180 words)

	[No title]
		NNTP-Posting-Host: bbs.cpcn.com Originator: root@bbs.cpcn.com Path: chonsp.franklin.ch!pfaff.ethz.ch!news-zh.switch.ch!news-ge.switch.ch!newscore.univie.ac.at!news-spur1.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news-xfer.newsread.com!netaxs.com!newsread.com!netaxs.newsread.com!bbs.cpcn.com!root In the late 1950s, IBM introduced the 7090/7094 which were large scale transistorized computers.
		IBM is concerned with selling today's computers and modern technology, such as the web.
		The 1964 supplement unfortunately drops the list of installations (in 1961 the lists were already getting long enough to be cumbersome) but says that you can buy a minimally configured 7094 II (how is that different from a 7094?) for $3,018,000.
	neil.franklin.ch /Usenet/alt.folklore.computers/19990326_709x_series_how_many_built (640 words)

	BibTeX bibliography fortran1.bib
		If it were possible for the 704 to code problems for itself and produce as good programs as human codes (but without the errors), it was clear that large benefits could be achieved.
		In many cases the development of a general plan for solving a problem was a small job in comparison to the task of devising and coding machine procedures to carry out the plan.
		It was expected that such a system would reduce the coding and debugging task to less than one-fifth of the job it had been.\par Two and one-half years and 18 man years have elapsed since the beginning of the project.
	www.math.utah.edu /pub/tex/bib/fortran1.html (1391 words)

	Slashdot \| Source Code for CTSS released (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		This RPQ (request for price quotation was IBM jargon for a modification to the computer whose price wasn't guaranteed), which rented for $2,500 per month had been developed at the request of Boeing for the purpose of allowing the 704 to accept information from a wind tunnel.
		MIT got an IBM 7090, replacing the 709, in the spring of 1962, when I was a freshman, and had upgraded the 7090 to a 7094 by 1963.
		One use IBM made of it was yacht handicapping: the president of IBM raced big yachts on Long Island Sound, and these boats were assigned handicap points by a complicated formula.
	developers.slashdot.org /developers/04/09/23/1941257.shtml?tid=190&tid=8 (5417 words)

	Dusty Decks » Fortran
		My efforts to track down source code and documents from the original IBM 704 FORTRAN project have been one of the pilot projects of the Software Collection Committee at the Computer History Museum.
		IBM 7094 Emulator now runs Fortran IV compiler
		I followed a link from Frank da Cruz’s IBM 704 page at Columbia to George Michael’s 704 page, which is part of his Stories of the Development of Large Scale Scientific Computing.
	www.mcjones.org /dustydecks/archives/category/fortran (1127 words)

	Dusty Decks » Blog Archive » IBSYS Fortran II runs on a SIMH-based simulator
		It turns out the Fortran II compiler writes out intermediate files to tape as individual records not followed by the customary tape mark; it was necessary to tweak the simulator to handle this the way the original hardware did.
		Rich notes that Bob Supnik, who is also working on a 7094 simulator, was the first person to discover this.
		Rich’s enthusiasm inspired me to finally obtain a copy of the Smithsonian’s Fortran II listing — this is a version for the IBM 704, which does not have I/O channel — it is the machine for which the original Fortran I compiler was written.
	www.mcjones.org /dustydecks/archives/2006/04/03/54 (378 words)

	IBM 709x Documentation
		Here are scans of some of the diagnostics documentation for the IBM 709 and 7094 in my collection.
		These scans are of the binders of diagnostic listings that came with the IBM 709.
		These are scans of the binders of diagnostic listings that came with the IBM 7094.
	www.piercefuller.com /collect/709dwg/index.html (255 words)

	Art Scott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		IBM Development Laboratory at Poughkeepsie, New York in June 1951 after receiving his B.E.E from
		Scott was Associate Director of the CMSP at Columbia University during 1983 and 1984.
		He rejoined the IBM laboratory as a Senior Planner of Fiber Optic products and completed his career with IBM as the IBM/Marist Joint Study Coordinator in 1989.
	www.academic.marist.edu /~jwg9/Scott (344 words)

	IBM 7090/94 Console Operation
		The 7090/94 series, like almost all large scale computers of its generation, had a large control console (IBM model 7151) that was used to run programs; monitor and control the overall status of the machine; and, occasionally, to manually debug software.
		The control console for the 7094 differed in minor respects from that used for the 7090 -- primarily in the addition of extra index register displays for the 7094 and an additional switch that would command the 7094 to operate as a 7090 with respect to multiple indexing.
		The additional index registers on the 7094 were displayed on a small vertical panel mounted on top of the console unit.
	www.frobenius.com /console-details.htm (401 words)

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