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	IBM 709 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IBM 709 was an early computer system introduced by IBM in August, 1958.
		It was an improved version of the IBM 704 and the second member of the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific computers.
		The IBM 709 added overlapped input/output, indirect addressing, and decimal instructions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IBM_709 (243 words)

	IBM 700/7000 series - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IBM 700/7000 series was a series of incompatible large scale (mainframe) computer systems made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s.
		Known as the Defense Calculator while in development in the IBM Poughkeepsie Laboratory, this machine was formally unveiled April 7, 1953 as the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine.
		The IBM 7094, with seven index registers had a "compatibility" mode to permit programs from earlier machines that used this trick to continue to be used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IBM_700/7000_series (1323 words)

	IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System (continued)
		Intermixing Of IBM 729-II AND 729-IV Magnetic Tape Units --The IBM 7607 Data Channel, a new unit, combines the data handling and tape control function of the IBM 755 Tape Control and one channel of the IBM 766 Data Synchronizer.
		As a result of this IBM standardization program and the compact packaging of the circuitry, the modular units may be placed side by side and thus minimize space requirements.
		This feature used with an interpretive program (the memory capacity of the IBM 7090 must be twice that required by the 704 for the program) to enable most programs written for the IBM 704 to run on the IBM 7090.
	www-03.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP7090B.html (1782 words)

	IBM Archives: 709 Data Processing System
		The IBM 709 Data Processing System was a large, general purpose digital computer designed to solve complex problems in areas of commercial and scientific interest.
		The 709 was highly flexible and could be expanded by the addition of storage and input-output units.
		IBM 709 Central Processing Unit for coordination of all 709 activity.
	www-03.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP709.html (706 words)

	IB from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The 704, and IBM 709 which had the same basic architecture, represented a substantial step forward from the IBM 650's magnetic drum storage as they provided random access at electronic speed to core storage, typically 32k words of 36 bits each.
		Outside IBM, this derives from the common perception that IBM products are generally overpriced (see clone); inside, it is said to spring from a belief that large numbers of IBM employees living in an area cause prices to rise.
		IBM PC AT computer> ("Advanced Technology") A version of the IBM PC, released in Aug 1984 with an Intel 80286 processor, a 16-bit bus, a medium-speed hard disk and a 1.2 megabyte floppy disk drive.
	www.instantweb.com /d/dictionary/foldoc.cgi?query=IB (3927 words)

	IBM 1410 - Jay Jaeger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Because the IBM 1410 was a decimal, character-oriented system, the lights were not encoded in binary, somewhat atypical as compared to most mini-computers and some mainframes of the day.
		One interesting characteristic of the IBM 1410 was that it could also, at the flip of a switch, fully emulate it's predecessor, the immensely popular IBM 1401.
		The IBM 1410 SPOOL program (SPOOL stands for Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line) was used on 1410's that had replaced IBM 1401's which were often used for card-to-tape and tape-to-print operations, essentially acting as "front ends" for IBM's powerful 7000 series scientific computers of the day.
	webpages.charter.net /thecomputercollection/ibm1410/ibm1410.htm (576 words)

	Pipelining: Earliest Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The IBM 704 computer was a vacumn tube computer that used core memory.
		The IBM 7094 I was a transistor-based machine that still used core memory.
		The cycle time was about 6 times faster than the 709 but the system ran about 7.5 times faster than the 709.
	www.wideopenwest.com /~awesley5155/p_4_1.html (171 words)

	No. 1703: IBM 360 Computer
		Many versions of Sony's new transistor radio were now on the market, and a few months after I arrived, the University replaced their 709 with IBM's new transistor version, the 7090.
		Meanwhile, IBM engineers were locked in a death struggle over the next generation of computers.
		The IBM 360 finally reached the Palouse wheat fields of Eastern Washington.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1703.htm (663 words)

	IBM 7090 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was later upgraded to the IBM 7094, and a scaled down version, the IBM 7040 was also introduced.
		IBM 7090s controlled the Mercury and Gemini space flights, the Balistic Missile Early Warning System (until well into the 1980s), and the CTSS time sharing system at MIT.
		The 7090 was not good at unit record I/O, so in small configurations an IBM 1401 was used for SPOOL I/O and in large configurations (such as a 7090/94) a 7040/44 would be directly coupled and dedicated to handling printers and card readers.
	www.cacs.louisiana.edu /~mgr/404/burks/foldoc/7/55.htm (148 words)

	Know it all Inc. (I) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		IBM PCs and compatible models from other vendors are the most widely used computer systems in the world.
		In the {IBM PC}/{mess-dos} world, there is a folk theorem (nearly true) to the effect that (owing to gross inadequacies and performance penalties in the OS interface) all interesting applications are ill-behaved.
		Apparently IBM's own engineers wanted to use the {Motorola 68000}, and it was used later in the forgotten {IBM Instruments} 9000 Laboratory Computer, but IBM already had rights to manufacture the 8086, in exchange for giving Intel the rights to its {bubble memory} designs.
	artikbre.synchro.net /docs/I.html (17821 words)

	[No title]
		TIMELINE OF THE IBM STRETCH/HARVEST ERA (1956-1961)* PROLOG 1944: Mark I, the first general purpose digital computer was built at Harvard under the direction of Howard Aiken.
		(IBM was producing 16 Billion punch cards per year in 1952.) 1952 March: The MANIAC I built at Los Alamos becomes operational.
		IBM discussed building a "Ten-Megapulse" computer with 60 bit word, 2 microsecond core memory, fast tapes, I/O Exchange, and maybe a magnetic disk.
	archive.computerhistory.org /resources/text/IBM/Stretch/102636400.txt (2269 words)

	IBM 740 - TheBestLinks.com - ASA, Computer, Cathode ray tube, Feet, ...
		The IBM 740 CRT Recorder was announced in 1954 and used with the IBM 701, IBM 704, and IBM 709 computers to draw vector graphics images on 35 mm photographic film (i.e.
		The IBM 780 CRT Display was a monitor that could be attached to the 740 and mirror to an operator what was being drawn on 740's CRT.
		IBM 709 Data Processing System, Form A22-6501-0, 1958.
	www.thebestlinks.com /IBM_740.html (217 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		That is, an I/O processor should have the ability to maintain a loop or event count that is unrelated to the transfer of a given number of words or characters per block.
		IBM 709 (1957) - introduction of channel I/O [5,6,32].
		The CPU must execute two instructions in sequence to start I/O. A read select or write select instruction is first used to select a given device, and then a channel- specific instruction is used to reset and start any of the maximum of six channels (766s).
	www.dorje.com /netstuff/folklore/comp.firsts (838 words)

	IBM 7090/94 Architecture Home Page
		The IBM 7090/94 series was the most popular family of large second-generation transistorized mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
		By 1965, over 300 IBM 7090/94 systems had been installed with an average purchase price of about $3-million (most were rented from IBM for about $70,000 per month or for about $450,000 per month in today's money as adjusted for inflation).
		In low-end installations, IBM 1401(s) would typically be used to read cards and transfer the information for input to the 7090/94 from magnetic tapes.
	www.frobenius.com /7090.htm (1017 words)

	The history of the Mainframe
		It was the first of the pioneering line of IBM 700 series mainframe computers, including the 702, 704, 705 and 709.
		The IBM 1401 was called the Model T of the computer business, because it was the first mass-produced digital, all-transistorized, business computer that could be afforded by many businesses worldwide.
		The most powerful IBM computer system of its time, the 3090 high-end processor of the IBM 308X computer series incorporated one-million-bit memory chips, Thermal Conduction Modules to provide the shortest average chip-to-chip communication time of any large general purpose computer.
	www.vikingwaters.com /htmlpages/MFHistory.htm (2504 words)

	IBM 709 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The 709 was a 36-bit binary machine very similar to the 704.
		It added data channels instead of programmed I/O. The data channels were programmable DMA units that operated independently of the CPU.
		It added some new instructions and architectural features, but also had a compatibility mode to emulate a 704 by blocking off part of the memory and trapping 704 I/O instructions.
	www.piercefuller.com /library/ibm709.html (63 words)

	Computing at Columbia Timeline
		An IBM 1620 at Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory.
		An IBM 650 at the Nevis Cyclotron Laboratory.
		Unlike previous IBM mainframes, the 360 was available in a range of compatible models, from small slow machines such as the Model 20 (suitable mainly for printing decks of cards) to the Model 92 supercomputer that they proposed to Columbia, with many in between (IBM's proposal was for a coupled Model 92 and Model 75).
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history (14489 words)

	History of Computing in Math Dept.-------------Mathematics Department
		The two machines were the same except that the 709 used vacuum tubes and the 7090 used solid state transistors.
		IBM chose the number 360 for the machine since it was designed to do both types of computing and thus encompassed all points of the compass.
		However, to compare 8080 chips and IBM 360 machines one should realize that the structure of a mainframe or even a mini-computer is much more complex than that of a simple single-user PC since they are required to handle very different tasks.
	www.sci.wsu.edu /math/helpdesk/computing_history.html (4727 words)

	BRL Report 1961 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		IBM 709 Data Processing System MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation Photo by International Business Machines Corporation APPLICATIONS Manufacturer This is a general purpose computer doing both scientific computing and commercial work.
		IBM Space Good time 130 Hours/Week Average) Attempted to run time134 Hours/Week (Average) Operating ratio 0.97 Abovefigures based on period 1 Mar 60 to 1 Jun 60 Passed Customer Acceptance Test Sep 59 Time is not available for rent to outside organiza- tions.
		IBM Space Outstanding features are data communications channel and direct data modification package to allow for high speed teletype input and specialized output for real-time operations, three channel operation for maximum overlapping operation, internal accounting clock and interval timer, and a tape switching device.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/BRL61-ibm0709.html (7283 words)

	BibTeX bibliography fortran1.bib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Its purpose was to reduce by a large factor the task of preparing scientific problems for IBM's next large computer, the 704.
		If it were possible for the 704 to code problems for itself and produce as good programs as human codes (but without the errors), it was clear that large benefits could be achieved.
		Descriptions of the FORTRAN language and the translator form the principal sections of this paper.''", note-3 = "The IBM 704 had 86 instructions, a 36-bit word, signed-magnitude number representation, and a 15-bit word-addressed memory space (32768 words, or 191K 6-bit characters).
	www.math.utah.edu /pub/tex/bib/fortran1.html (1391 words)

	History of FORTRAN and FORTRAN II — Software Collection Committee
		John Van Gardner, who was an IBM Customer Engineer at Lockheed Aircraft in Marietta, Georgia, when FORTRAN was shipped in April 1957 notes that they were able to obtain a source listing of the compiler on 35mm microfilm in order to debug a hardware problem.
		Documents Backus's pursuit as IBM Fellow, 1963-1991, of his own research projects relating to mathematical theories of programming and the development of functional programming languages.
		Some months after the compiler was shipped, IBM released the 'source' for the compiler in the form of micro-film images of assembler listings of the compiler, carefully hand annotated with the patches.
	community.computerhistory.org /scc/projects/FORTRAN (5353 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The IBM and Amdahl subseries are the most significant.
		IBM began developing TSS for use on its 360/67 machine.
		The three-year investigation was a $700,000 project, which was initiated with a conference to analyze the current state of the art in word processing techniques.
	www.umich.edu /~bhl/EAD/wordfa.doc (3281 words)

	SBF Glossary: I to ICGSL
		IBM made the greatest corporate contribution to literary criticism in the twentieth century.
		IBM is still by far the largest computer company (counting HW, SW, and services together).
		A vast improvement on the essentially serial memory (magnetic drum) of the IBM 650 that the 700 series superseded.
	www.plexoft.com /SBF/I.html (6530 words)

	Charles Babbage Institute: RESEARCH PROGRAM> Current research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When IBM designed the IBM 709 computer system, it developed a new operating system (SOS), which allowed asymmetric multiprocessing (qv).
		Later, IBM developed a time sharing operating system for its 360/67 model, the CP-67/CMS, which later became the VM/370, when the IBM 370 series of computer systems came onto the market in the 1970s.
		They are: the IBM MVS and VM environments; the DEC VMS environment; the Unix environment; the IBM PC environment, whether DOS, OS-2, or Windows; and the Apple Macintosh environment.
	www.cbi.umn.edu /shp/entries/operatingsystems.html (612 words)

	Development and attributes of z/Architecture - Author bios
		After he joined IBM that same year, his initial work was on diagnostic programming for the IBM 709, 7090, and 7950 (an extension of the 7030 Stretch computer), the indexing and output phases of a FORTRAN compiler for the 7030, and various projects of the operating systems for System/360 and System/370.
		Plambeck received an IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Award for ESA/370, an IBM Outstanding Innovation Award for each of compression and z/Architecture, and two Corporate Awards; he holds 15 issued patents.
		Rogers has received an IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Award and an IBM Outstanding Innovation Award for his design work; he was a recipient of the 2000 IBM Chairman's Award.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/464/plambaut.html (534 words)

	ThirdAge Discussions - Computers: The Good Old Days
		IBM 704 - 1955-60; a redesigned 701; 123 made; both CRT and mag-core memories, latter making rejuvenation cycle unnecessary; added index registers for faster instruction modification.
		IBM 705 mod I - 1954-?; successor to 702; 20,000-char magnetic-core mem; faster access cycle; convention to enter 5-char instructions on word boundaries yielded one fetch cycle per instruction.
		IBM 709 - 1957; superceded 704; used a Data Synchronizer to integrate input, output, processing; first indirect addressing (making table-lookups easier).
	www.thirdage.com /WebX?14@6.2lssbK7wPjv^0@.ee8beb5 (748 words)

	IBM Work History
		The product was the IBM 7090 and 7094 Computer Systems, the most powerful in IBM at the time, which had 32K of 36 bit ferrite core memory, with a speed of.5 Megahertz.
		The 7090 replaced the IBM 709 System which was all vacuum tubes.
		It was driven by the IBM 1130 System which was a 32K core memory machine and it had 5 removable 1 Meg hard drives and an 1132 Printer which had 132 printwheels and it almost walked across the floor when printing.
	www.johnfishersr.net /IBM_Work_History.htm (1839 words)

	Art Scott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		IBM Development Laboratory at Poughkeepsie, New York in June 1951 after receiving his B.E.E from
		Scott was Associate Director of the CMSP at Columbia University during 1983 and 1984.
		He rejoined the IBM laboratory as a Senior Planner of Fiber Optic products and completed his career with IBM as the IBM/Marist Joint Study Coordinator in 1989.
	www.academic.marist.edu /~jwg9/Scott (344 words)

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