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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: IBM 7090
		The IBM 7090 was a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
		The 7090 was the third member of the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers.
		An IBM 7040 in operation from 1964 to 1974 at the German university Technische Hochschule Darmstadt The IBM 7040, a scaled down version of the IBM 7090 introduced by IBM in April, 1963, was a later member of the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific computers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/IBM-7090 (2173 words)

	IBM 7090 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IBM 7090 was a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
		The 7090 was the third member of the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers.
		The 7090 series featured a data channel architecture for input and output, a forerunner of modern direct memory access I/O. Up to 10 data channels could be attached.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IBM_7090 (813 words)

	IBM 7090 - Definition
		A transistorised version of the IBM 709 which was a very popular high end computer in the early 1960s.
		IBM 7090s controlled the Mercury and Gemini space flights, the Balistic Missile Early Warning System (until well into the 1980s), and the CTSS time sharing system at MIT.
		The 7090 was not good at unit record I/O, so in small configurations an IBM 1401 was used for SPOOL I/O and in large configurations (such as a 7090/94) a 7040/44 would be directly coupled and dedicated to handling printers and card readers.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/IBM+7090 (134 words)

	IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System
		Although the IBM 7090 is a general purpose data processing system, it is designed with special attention to the needs of engineers and scientists, who find computation demands increasing rapidly.
		Four IBM 7090 systems are incorporated in the Air Force's Ballistic Missile Warning System, the 3,000-mile radar system in the far north designed to detect missiles fired at southern Canada or the United States from across the polar region.
		The 7090 is well-suited for IBM Tele-processing, which in its most advanced form uses a powerful computer as the data processing center of a network of decentralized plant and office input stations.
	www-1.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP7090.html (741 words)

	The IBM 7090 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The 7090, like the 700 series it superseded, was intended mainly for scientific computing, but it was also suitable for business and administrative use.
		Columbia's 7090 was installed in 1963; by 1966 it had been upgraded to a bigger and faster 7094 and coupled with a 7040 to form the 7094/7040 Directly Coupled System, which would remain in place until 1968, when it was replaced by the IBM 360/91.
		There was also a 7090 in the Interchurch Center, on Riverside Drive and 120th Street, by 1959 or 1960.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/7090.html (468 words)

	IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System (continued)
		As a result of this IBM standardization program and the compact packaging of the circuitry, the modular units may be placed side by side and thus minimize space requirements.
		This feature used with an interpretive program (the memory capacity of the IBM 7090 must be twice that required by the 704 for the program) to enable most programs written for the IBM 704 to run on the IBM 7090.
		In turn, the IBM 7090 may prepare punched card and magnetic tape records, which may be used as input to any other IBM data processing system.
	www-03.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP7090B.html (1782 words)

	IBM Research \| Who we are \| History \| 1945-1998
		IBM opens its first West Coast lab in San Jose, California - the area that decades later will come to be known as "Silicon Valley." Within four years, the lab begins to make its mark by inventing magnetic storage systems.
		IBM Research dedicates the Almaden Research Center - the successor to the San Jose Research Laboratory which was established in 1952.
		IBM scientists developed new silicon-on-insulator chip to be used in the construction of a mainstream processor, and signaled that the advance would soon reach the market in new circuit designs and product groups.
	www.research.ibm.com /about/past_history.shtml (1714 words)

	IBM 7040 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An IBM 7040 in operation from 1964 to 1974 at the German university Technische Hochschule Darmstadt
		The IBM 7040, a scaled down version of the IBM 7090 introduced by IBM in April, 1963, was a later member of the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific computers.
		It also featured a different input/output architecture, based on the IBM 1414 data synchronizer, allowing more modern IBM peripherals to be used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IBM_7040 (125 words)

	IBM 7090
		The IBM 7090 a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications", was the third member of the IBM 700/7000 series.
		The 7090 used a 36-bit "word", with an address-space of 32K (32,768) words.
		Specialty definitions using "IBM 7090": 9PAC &diams; Automated Engineering Design ♦ Basic Operating System, BMDP ♦ Core Wars ♦ Digital Simulation Language ♦ IBM 360, IBM 7040, IBM 709, IBM 7094, Information Processing Language ♦ Michigan Algorithm Decoder ♦ SIMSCRIPT ♦ Tape Operating System.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/IB/IBM+7090.html (449 words)

	IBM 7030 - "Stretch
		In the early to mid 1950s, IBM and UNIVAC, the only two large companies building computers, were considering the use of transistors in their products.
		Today it may seem surprising that IBM was undergoing tremendous turmoil about its role in the new field of computers.
		IBM reduced the price from $13.5 million to $7.78 million, thus guaranteeing that every machine was built at a loss.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/vs-ibm-stretch.html (1137 words)

	The IBM 7094 and CTSS
		MIT got an IBM 7090, replacing the 709, in the spring of 1962, when I was a freshman, and had upgraded the 7090 to a 7094 by 1963.
		Batch jobs on cards were transferred to tape on an auxiliary 1401, and the monitor took one job at a time off the input tape, ran it, and captured the output on another tape for printing and punching by the 1401.
		One use IBM made of it was yacht handicapping: the president of IBM raced big yachts on Long Island Sound, and these boats were assigned handicap points by a complicated formula.
	www.multicians.org /thvv/7094.html (2959 words)

	International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)
		IBM was incorporated in the state of New York on June 15, 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.
		IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance (1934), survivor benefits (1935) and paid vacations (1936).
		IBM led data processing in a new direction with the 1957 delivery of the IBM 305 Random Access Method of Accounting and Control (RAMAC), the first computer disk storage system.
	www.scripophily.net /inbusmaccori1.html (2667 words)

	The history of the Mainframe
		A good source for IBM history is their Reference section.
		The IBM 1401 was called the Model T of the computer business, because it was the first mass-produced digital, all-transistorized, business computer that could be afforded by many businesses worldwide.
		The most powerful IBM computer system of its time, the 3090 high-end processor of the IBM 308X computer series incorporated one-million-bit memory chips, Thermal Conduction Modules to provide the shortest average chip-to-chip communication time of any large general purpose computer.
	www.vikingwaters.com /htmlpages/MFHistory.htm (2504 words)

	NCERD IT Timeline
		The IBM PC On August 12, 1981, IBM executives held a press conference in New York to introduce a momentous new computer- the IBM Personal Computer, or the PC, as it became known.
		The IBM of 1980, much more than the IBM of today, was not a company accustomed to fast moving markets and customers sales.
		Lowe told the committee that IBM needed to build a personal computer and that there was room in the market that Apple and others had left untapped.
	www.sdnp.org.gy /ncerd/resources/it/history/ibm.html (1554 words)

	IBM 7090/94 Architecture Home Page
		The IBM 7090/94 series was the most popular family of large second-generation transistorized mainframe computers and was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
		The first 7090 installation was in November 1959 and was followed in September 1962 by the improved 7094 which was faster and had additional hardware instructions.
		By 1965, over 300 IBM 7090/94 systems had been installed with an average purchase price of about $3-million (most were rented from IBM for about $70,000 per month or for about $450,000 per month in today's money as adjusted for inflation).
	www.frobenius.com /7090.htm (1017 words)

	Ch8-2
		IBM called the control program the Mercury Monitor, but that is a misnomer in that it superceded the capabilities of the known monitors of the time.
		IBM approached the more difficult areas by acquiring the services of specialist consultants and sponsored a group of 10 scientists pursuing solutions to problems in orbital mechanics.
		IBM recognized that the usual 32K memory of the machine would be insufficient when the company prepared its proposal.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /pao/History/computers/Ch8-2.html (5705 words)

	Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project (ss_ibm.htm)
		A synthesis approach based on assembling words from stored diphone segments was chosen because of the potential reduction in required computer storage over storing whole words, and the expectation that segment assembly would require less real-time processing than a synthesis by rule method.
		Use of a separate analog synthesizer avoided the computer processing necessary to construct the speech wave, as complete simulations at that time were taking 25-times real time on a large computer, an IBM 7090.
		Late in the year, additions to the function generator allowed the patterns to be sampled at 10-millisecond intervals and punched into cards for entry into the IBM 7090 computer.
	www.mindspring.com /~ssshp/ssshp_cd/ss_ibm.htm (2335 words)

	IBM 7090 Definition. Define IBM 7090. What is IBM 7090?
		It was later upgraded to the {IBM 7094}, and a scaled down version, the IBM 7040 was also introduced.
		IBM 7090s controlled the Mercury and Gemini space flights, the Balistic Missile Early Warning System (until well into the 1980s), and the {CTSS} {time sharing} system at {MIT}.
		The 7090 was not good at unit record I/O, so in small configurations an {IBM 1401} was used for {SPOOL} I/O and in large configurations (such as a 7090/94) a 7040/44 would be directly coupled and dedicated to handling printers and {card readers}.
	www.learnthat.com /define/view.asp?id=893 (203 words)

	Unisys History Newsletter v1n3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Finally, IBM took over support of it, and, with the name changed to IBSYS, it was widely used on the transistor (second-generation) IBM 7090 and 7094 computers.
		Time on the 7090 was frequently seen as too valuable to be taken up with card processing or printing, so quite often these tasks were handled by some smaller, cheaper computer, typically an IBM 1401.
		By that time the first IBM 7090 had been in the field for a year, and over a dozen more had been shipped since then, while the first Philco Transac 2000 and Control Data 1604 computers were installed in early 1960.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /gvu/people/randy.carpenter/folklore/v1n3.html (2149 words)

	The Other Side of Perot - TIME
		He certainly did; he was in fact a whiz-bang salesman for IBM and really did fulfill his annual quota for 1962 on Jan. 19 (by, he says, selling a single giant IBM 7090 computer).
		But fellow IBM salesmen from that period say the rest of the story is fantasy.
		IBM had no objection to salesmen earning more than managers, they say, and many did -- with the blessing of the managers, whose own incomes rose the more their salesmen produced.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,975891-3,00.html (643 words)

	IBM 7090 - TheBestLinks.com - Mainframe computer, November, Transistor, 1959, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		IBM 7090 - TheBestLinks.com - Mainframe computer, November, Transistor, 1959,...
		IBM 7090, Mainframe computer, November, Transistor, 1959, 9PAC, IBM 7094, IBM...
		IBM 7090 Data Processing System from BRL61 Report (http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61-ibm7070.html#IBM-7090)
	www.thebestlinks.com /IBM_7090.html (236 words)

	History of FORTRAN and FORTRAN II — Software Collection Committee
		John Van Gardner, who was an IBM Customer Engineer at Lockheed Aircraft in Marietta, Georgia, when FORTRAN was shipped in April 1957 notes that they were able to obtain a source listing of the compiler on 35mm microfilm in order to debug a hardware problem.
		Documents Backus's pursuit as IBM Fellow, 1963-1991, of his own research projects relating to mathematical theories of programming and the development of functional programming languages.
		Some months after the compiler was shipped, IBM released the 'source' for the compiler in the form of micro-film images of assembler listings of the compiler, carefully hand annotated with the patches.
	community.computerhistory.org /scc/projects/FORTRAN (5202 words)

	GD-experience.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The tape was then read on the 7090 and the jobs processed using only mag tape for input and output.
		Only peripherals on the 7090 were tape drives and disk storage.
		The 7090 selected jobs from the spool disk and ran them using only mag tape and the spool disk for input and output.
	home.houston.rr.com /thegefishers/GD-experience.html (342 words)

	I from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The 704, and IBM 709 which had the same basic architecture, represented a substantial step forward from the IBM 650's magnetic drum storage as they provided random access at electronic speed to core storage, typically 32k words of 36 bits each.
		Outside IBM, this derives from the common perception that IBM products are generally overpriced (see clone); inside, it is said to spring from a belief that large numbers of IBM employees living in an area cause prices to rise.
		IBM PC AT computer> ("Advanced Technology") A version of the IBM PC, released in Aug 1984 with an Intel 80286 processor, a 16-bit bus, a medium-speed hard disk and a 1.2 megabyte floppy disk drive.
	www.instantweb.com /d/dictionary/foldoc.cgi?query=I (7727 words)

	1997 Newsgroup postings - Lynn Wheeler
		IBM 1130 (was Re: IBM 7090--used for business or science?)
		From: Anne and Lynn Wheeler Subject: Re: IBM 1130 (was Re: IBM 7090--used for business or science?) Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: 07 May 1997 18:38:13 +0000 the 1130 was also used in something called the 2250mod4.
		From: Anne and Lynn Wheeler Subject: Re: IBM 1401's claim to fame Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: 30 Jul 1997 18:01:52 +0000 my first programming job as sophmore was to design/implement stand-alone 360 program that replaced the 1401 mpio.
	www.garlic.com /~lynn/97.html (7725 words)

	IBM 7090 Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The above picture is the console of the IBM 7090 that I worked on in the Department of Physics at Indiana State University.
		The original asm7090 was written in Fortran, by Phil Norisez and I, and ran on the ISU's IBM 360/50.
		When we first got the 7090, government surplus (from the David Taylor Model Basin), all we had, in the way of peripherals, was the card reader and the printer.
	www.cozx.com /~dpitts/ibm7090.html (384 words)

	IBM 360 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Elements of the architecture, such as the basic instruction set are still in use on IBM mainframes today.
		Gene Amdahl, then an IBM employee, is generally acknowledged as the 360's chief architect.
		The 360's predecessors were the smaller IBM 1401 and the large IBM 7090 series.
	burks.brighton.ac.uk /burks/foldoc/0/55.htm (170 words)

	Frobenius.com
		Jack is a software developer/engineer with a deep technical background in cryptography, real-time embedded systems, artificial intelligence, and smart card systems.
		Harper is currently writing a book on the early history (1955 - 1962) of the development of the LISP 1.5 programming language along with its first applications to build the early classic AI programs on the IBM 7090/7094 mainframes of the time.
		IBM 7090 photo provided courtesy of IBM Corporation.
	www.frobenius.com /enter.htm (369 words)

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