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	IBM Archives: IBM typewriter milestones
		The IBM Electric Typewriter Division moves from Rochester, N.Y. to Poughkeepsie, N.Y. The Chinese Typewriter and Model 04 Arabic Electric Typewriter are announced.
		IBM introduces in March the IBM Model B Standard Typewriter and the IBM Model B Executive Typewriter.
		IBM introduces in April the Model D Executive Typewriter and the IBM Model D Standard Typewriter, the last IBM typebar typewriters.
	www-03.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_milestone.html (703 words)

	IBM Selectric typewriter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IBM Selectric typewriter (occasionally known as the IBM Golfball typewriter) is the electric typewriter design that brought the typewriter into the electronic age starting in 1961.
		The Selectric typewriter was first released in 1961 and is generally considered to be a design classic.
		The Selectric II was squarer at the corners, whereas the Selectric I was rounder.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IBM_Selectric_typewriter (1098 words)

	IBM Selectric typewriter: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The IBM Selectric typewriter (occasionally known as the IBM Golfball typewriter) is the electric typewriter design that brought the typewriter into the electronic age.
		The Selectric II could be switched (with a lever at the top left of the "carriage") between 10 and 12 characters per inch, whereas the Selectric I had one fixed "pitch".
		The Selectric II had a lever (at the top left of the "carriage") that allowed characters to be shifted up to a half space to the left (for inserting a word one character longer or shorter in place of a deleted mistake), whereas the Selectric I did not.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ib/IBM-Selectric-typewriter.html (487 words)

	IBM Electric typewriter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IBM Electric typewriters were a series of electric typewriters that IBM manufactured, starting in the late 1940s.
		Modified Standard versions of the A, B, and C models were commonly used as "console typewriters" or terminals on many early computers (e.g., JOHNNIAC, IBM 1620, PDP-1).
		Following the introduction of the IBM Selectric typewriter in 1961, which was much easier to interface to a computer, these typewriters were rarely used anymore as "console typewriters" or terminals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IBM_Electric_typewriter (173 words)

	IBM Archives: 1961
		IBM introduces the "Selectric" Typewriter, an electric typewriter which uses a replaceable golf ball-shaped typing element rather than type bars or movable carriages.
		The Selectric becomes a popular piece of office equipment because of its ease in changing fonts and because it was available in a variety of colors.
		IBM introduces the "Executary" PBX dictation system and portable dictating unit; the 1710 control system; the Hypertape system; and the IBM 1301 disk storage.
	www-1.ibm.com /ibm/history/history/year_1961.html (147 words)

	IBM Selectric II Typewriter
		IBM Selectric II The IBM Lexmark Selectric series has been a solid powerhouse machine providing the best in features and reliability for decades of service.
		Each reconditioned typewriter is thoroughly inspected, all necessary parts replaced, lubricated, tested, and includes a full 90-day warranty.
		All IBM Wheelwriter and Selectric models are refurbished and carry a 90-day warranty.
	www.typewriters.com /ibm-selectric-2.html (195 words)

	ipedia.com: Typewriter Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		IBM and Remington electric typewriters were the leading models until IBM introduced the IBM Selectric typewriter, which replaced the typebars with a spherical typeball (more correctly, "element"), slightly smaller than a golf ball, with the letters molded on its surface.
		IBM produced a series of typewriters called Thermotronic with letter-quality output and correcting tape along with printers tagged Quietwriter.
		In the developed world, with the proliferation of the personal computer with word processing software, typewriters have faded into near-obscurity and are now used mainly by people without access to, or the training to use, a computer, and for specialized applications such as filling out forms.
	www.ipedia.com /typewriter.html (2417 words)

	Selectric Typewriter Museum-IBM Selectric Typewriters
		Selectric and Selectric II type elements (balls) have 88 characters and white lettering.
		The IBM Selectric was introduced in 1961 (just like me!), and was revolutionary, in that the platen does not move, but instead the type element moves.
		This typewriter dates from the mid 1980s, and thousands of similar ones are still in operation in government offices, schools, banks, and many other businesses to this day.
	www.selectric.org /selectric/index.html (551 words)

	TheGantelope: Size Matters
		To put a wooden stake in the heart of the vampire that is the IBM Selectric Composer typewriter theory, we've put-together a few graphics to illustrate one of the many reasons why this particular unit could not have produced any of the suspect CBS memos.
		If this memo had been typed on an IBM Selectric Composer, "have" and "time" would be the same length (21 units), "File" and "he's" would likewise match each other (18 units), and "drill" and "that" would pair-off as well (19 units).
		The reason why is that that model of typewriter had the capability to adjust the unit value to justify or adjust the type on the document.
	www.thegantelope.com /archives/000186.html (1063 words)

	IBM 1410 - Jay Jaeger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Because the IBM 1410 was a decimal, character-oriented system, the lights were not encoded in binary, somewhat atypical as compared to most mini-computers and some mainframes of the day.
		One interesting characteristic of the IBM 1410 was that it could also, at the flip of a switch, fully emulate it's predecessor, the immensely popular IBM 1401.
		The IBM 1410 SPOOL program (SPOOL stands for Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line) was used on 1410's that had replaced IBM 1401's which were often used for card-to-tape and tape-to-print operations, essentially acting as "front ends" for IBM's powerful 7000 series scientific computers of the day.
	webpages.charter.net /thecomputercollection/ibm1410/ibm1410.htm (576 words)

	IDSA -- About ID
		In 1961 IBM introduced a revolutionary electric typewriter, the Selectric I, which replaced the standard typebars with a moving interchangeable spherical "golf ball" printing element, while the carriage remained fixed.
		By 1975 Selectrics accounted for about 75 percent of the US electric typewriter market, which soon after went south when typewriters were increasingly replaced by personal computers.
		The electric typewriter was invented in 1920 by James Smathers, but IBM marketed the first commercially successful one in 1935.
	www.idsa.org /webmodules/articles/anmviewer.asp?a=264 (616 words)

	DEFEAT JOHN JOHN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Two people so far have attempted to claim the prize on the basis that the IBM Selectric Composer was a proportionally-spaced font typewriter available at that time (though not yet in wide use).
		Yet the IBM Selectric Composer's own manual makes superscripting of the type seen in the CBS forgeries impossible.
		For CBS to say "but typewriters in the day could do superscripts" ignores the whole point of why the superscripting in the forged documents are so persuasive -- the letters on a fixed-size metal wheel can't just get smaller or larger.
	defeatjohnjohn.com /2004/09/10000-part-two-ibm-selectric.htm (400 words)

	Pigdog Journal (The M Files) -- The IBM Selectric Typewriter Changed My Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It had a little type ball instead of the normal typewriter configuration of long metal arms tipped with letters, which tended to get stuck every few minutes and kludge up whatever process you were getting into.
		The type ball was a very elegant solution to an old problem; change the font to bold or italic, serif or non-serif, and no sticky rods to disengage when the typing jones got a little wild or out of control.
		And I owe it all to the IBM Selectric Typewriter.
	www.pigdog.org /auto/model_m/shortfeature/2528.html (705 words)

	The Dead media Project:Working Notes:17.0
		The Selectric is now out of production and, according to author Sam Kalow, IBM has dropped parts and service for these models.
		In 1946 he had invented a high-speed, single-element printer to be used in data-processing applications and was always motivated to utilize this technology in a typewriter.
		The lack of a moving carriage on the Selectric allowed famed industrial designer Elliot Noyes to create a cover design for the machine that was sculptured, flowing, functional, and totally integrated == one that had never before been seen on a typewriter.
	www.deadmedia.org /notes/17/170.html (1024 words)

	The Washington Monthly
		Selectrics had a variable pitch spacing which allowed a switch from 10 or 12 pitch, but the issue being debated is one of proportional spacing, i.e.
		This isn't just an issue of being able to turn the typewriter's platen (or the type ball in the case of a Selectric) so a character is raised above the line; the superscripted "th" in one of the memos is a genuine superscript, i.e., the type size is smaller than the main text.
		IBM made an electric typewriter that proportional spacing and operated just like a regular typewriter-- you hit the key and an individual arm pushed the chosen letter against a ribbon that deposited ink on paper.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /archives/individual/2004_09/004668.php (14424 words)

	IBM Selectric Composer Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The IBM "Selectric" Composer was the first desktop typesetting machine.
		In case you're not familiar with that, the IBM Selectric typewriter is the one that has a small ball with all the letters imprinted on it.
		The first IBM Composer was the IBM "Selectric" Composer announced in 1966.
	www.ibmcomposer.org /SelComposer/description.htm (313 words)

	The IBM 1130 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The IBM 1130 was introduced in 1965 and is considered an early third generation computer.
		The primary output device was the IBM 1132 printer which had a top speed of 80 lines per minute.
		The IBM 1442 was also capable of being used as an output device and could punch 120 cards per minute.
	www.kaibab.org /gc/bob/ibm1130.htm (896 words)

	Tech Guide: RS-232
		IBM favored the use of the eight-bit EBCDIC code instead of the seven-bit ASCII code.
		IBM also favored a big endian transmission format instead of the little endian ASCII format.
		The second generation IBM PC AT was released with 9-pin D-sub connectors, and that became the de facto standard; most external devices still use 25-pin connectors, so cables with 9 pins on one end and 25 on the other were common.
	www.computerplug.com /tech_guide.php?topic=RS-232 (2496 words)

	History of the IBM Typewriter
		A timeline history of the IBM Typewriter with old ads to show what the machines looked like.
		For details on the complete line of the new IBM Wheelwriters by Lexmark, Click Here
		The Antique Typewriter by the Down Under Connection
	www.etypewriters.com /history.htm (70 words)

	IBM Selectric typewriter - TheBestLinks.com - OCR, RS-232, 1961, Teletype, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		IBM Selectric typewriter - TheBestLinks.com - OCR, RS-232, 1961, Teletype,...
		Selectric, IBM Selectric typewriter, OCR, RS-232, 1961, Teletype, Typewriter...
		Correcting Selectic II models had a cartridge film ribbon instead of the spool style, although the non-correcting models used the earlier cloth cartridge.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Selectric.html (825 words)

	Keystone Typewriter Co., Inc.: About us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		When typewriter collecting became a new hobby for many, we became the premier servicer and supplier of collectable typewriters in the greater Johnstown area.
		IBM Wheelwriter repair is also included in our services.
		Roxie has been faithfully in charge of the complaint department for 12 years and continues to be the true typewriter dog.
	homepage.floodcity.net /users/duke/about-us.htm (268 words)

	Further scrutiny lessens doubts on Bush memos / Some skeptics now say IBM typewriter could have been used (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Analysts who have examined the documents focus on several facets of their typography, among them the use of a curved apostrophe, a raised, or superscript, "th," and the proportional spacing between the characters -- spacing that varies with the width of the letters.
		But such characters were common features on electric typewriters of that era, the Globe determined through interviews with specialists and examination of documents from the period.
		Flynn said his doubts were also based on his belief that the curved apostrophe was not available on electric typewriters at the time, although documents from the period reviewed by the Globe show it was.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/09/11/MNGO68NEKR1.DTL (734 words)

	SlickDeals.net Forums - eBay item: RARE 1961 IBM 72 SELECTRIC TYPEWRITER GREAT FOR FORGING
		This is one of the early Selectrics produced in the early 1960s, a Model 7X.
		The IBM Selectric was introduced in 1961, and was revolutionary, in that the platen does not move, but instead the type element moves.
		The Selectric II had a lever (above the right platen knob) that would allow the platen to be turned freely but return to the same vertical line whereas the Selectric I did not.
	forums.slickdeals.net /showthread.php?t=41159 (851 words)

	Reconditioned IBM Selectric Typewriters
		Typewriters, Wheelwriters and Supplies by IBM and Lexmark
		IBM Selectric II 13 inch carriage, dual pitch (10 and 12 characters per inch), fl Correcting Selectric.
		Selectrics will be professionally packed and shipped DHL insured.
	www.ibmtypewriters.com /reconselectric.htm (110 words)

	Brother Labeling Systems from Rudolph Information Systems
		A typewriter in the hard working tradition of the classic IBM Selectric® Typewriter, the IBM/Lexmark Wheelwriter typewriters have many advanced features that automate and simplify all the typing applications in today's busy office.
		But there are still people who prefer the typewriter and even require a typewriter for filling out multi-copied forms or do not need the more expensive computer for the minimal word processing their company does.
		Royal offers typewriters that offer more and are the perfect answer for the small business that has light to moderate typing projects with typewriters that have all the conveniences and an 80,000 word Standard Dictionary.
	www.rudinfo.com /products/typewriters.htm (354 words)

	The Selectric Typewriter Museum On Rathergate - Wizbang
		The Selectric has changeable type elements, but fixed spacing (some models could be selected at 10 or 12 pitch, but that's all).
		The second line was typed using my mid 1960s IBM Executive typewriter, which has proportional spacing, but it is in bad shape, some of the letters are not striking, as the mechanism is sticky and the rubber wheel which powers the keystrokes is worn.
		The last line was typed using an IBM Selectric III typewriter with the Prestige Elite type ball, set to 12 characters per inch (elite spacing).
	wizbangblog.com /2004/09/10/the-selectric-typewriter-museum-on-rathergate.php (2893 words)

	The IBM SELECTRIC Composer: Multiple Index Mechanism
		The ability to vary type size, however, is rarely found in such systems and has been restricted for the most part to commercial hot-type equipment or to manual methods.
		To remove this restriction in the IBM SELECTRIC Composer, it was necessary to design an index mechanism which would provide variable line-to-line increments.
		Increment selection was to be flexible enough to accommodate several sizes of type, but it had also to be reliable and easily controlled by the operator.
	domino.research.ibm.com /tchjr/journalindex.nsf/1be2fd38b451963885256547004c00c8/bbe4bb0807579c8d85256bfa00683fcb?OpenDocument (193 words)

	IBM Typewriter Innovation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The evolution of the writing machine from early eighteenth-century concepts to the modern electronic typewriter represents a rich history of innovative efforts by many individuals in several countries.
		After entering the typewriter business in 1933, IBM expanded the applicability of electric typebar machines and introduced proportional spacing to electric typewriters.
		Typewriter single-print-element concept represented a major departure from traditional typewriter design.
	domino.research.ibm.com /tchjr/journalindex.nsf/0/e5aa101ad59cf7c985256bfa0067f4eb?OpenDocument (92 words)

	Review: IBM 42H1292 and 1391401 keyboards
		The object of my perverse desire is an IBM model 42H1292 buckling-spring 101 key industrial heavy duty keyboard, available from www.pckeyboard.com for $US49 (versus a full retail price more like $US69).
		These keyboards feel very much like an old IBM Selectric typewriter - there are plenty of these ironclad behemoths still in service, and they may herniate anyone that has to move them but they're darn nice to type on.
		Keyboards like these are so expensive partly because IBM insisted on making them in places better known for liquor production than for cheap computer gear (these ones were made in Scotland), but mainly because they use discrete keyswitches.
	www.dansdata.com /ibmkeyboard.htm (1856 words)

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