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	Nomenclature (was Re: Pseudepiplatys annulatus)
		John, there is an International Committee for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) < http://www.iczn.org/index.htm > that keeps such things straight for us (and particularly the scientists and researchers).
		ICZN is fairly rigid about not confusing the scientific community by reusing a generic name to describe different fish than were called that in earlier literature.
		Fighting with ICZN over nomenclature is just an exercise in futility that hurts the hobby more than them.
	fins.actwin.com /killietalk/month.9901/msg00196.html (384 words)

	Naming a Shell
		The ICZN establishes the rules for taxonomy; rules like the earliest name takes precedence (with some exceptions only the ICZN can allow), there must be a photograph accompanying a new species description, and it has to be published in hard copy, publicly available and in sufficient copies.
		ICZN judgement of your article is pretty much limited to the validity of the name and will not be applied to the validity of your research.
		The ICZN as adopted rules for partial electronic publication by allowing that a work may be valid if it is deposited on a disk or CD at five different libraries and is thus "permanent" and accessible.
	www.manandmollusc.net /naming.html (2504 words)

	Principles of nomenclature of zoological taxa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unlike the provisions of ICZN (see I.3.3.1) and other international codes, the rules suggested here for rank-based names of higher taxa (I.3.3.2), hierarchy-based names (I.3.4) and circumscription-based names (I.3.5) are not official and thus not mandatory.
		The first edition of the ICZN was published in 1961, the second (somewhat revised) in 1964, the third (amended) in 1985; currently the forth (amended) edition is in force, published in English and French in 1999.
		Then, based on ICZN rules for the genus-group (see I.3.3.1.4), we shall decide which generic name is valid for this taxon; in the example on Fig.
	www.bio.pu.ru /win/entomol/KLUGE/zoo-name.htm (12154 words)

	What is the ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature)?
		ICZN, or the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, is responsible for assigning unique scientific names to animals in keeping with existing international taxonomic standards.
		ICZN is not involved in structuring taxonomy, but will address taxonomical issues that arise that would impact nomenclature.
		ICZN was established in 1895 and currently has 28 members from 21 countries.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-the-international-commission-on-zoological-nomenclature.htm (331 words)

	Draft BioCode: the prospective international rules for the scientific names of organisms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biology requires a precise, coherent and simple system for the naming of organisms used internationally, dealing both with the terms which denote the ranks of taxonomic groups and with the scientific names which are applied to the individual taxonomic groups of organisms (taxa, singular taxon).
		When a new generic name is submitted for registration without indication of gender, or with an indication of gender that is contrary to the Code, the gender is assigned or corrected during registration.
		In publications dealing with the taxonomy and nomenclature of organisms, it may be necessary, for accurate and complete indication of the name of a taxon, to cite the name of the author(s) who established the name concerned and the date of its establishment.
	www.rom.on.ca /biodiversity/biocode/biocode.html (8026 words)

	ICZN - TAXONOMY - VARANUS GOULDII VERSUS VARANUS PANOPTES - ICZN
		ICZN - TAXONOMY - VARANUS GOULDII VERSUS VARANUS PANOPTES - ICZN
		I refer to a pair of applications before the ICZN, case numbers 3042 relating to the proposed renaming of the species Varanus gouldii and case number 3043 relating to the proposed renaming of Varanus keithhornei.
		That these publications were deliberately overlooked in their submission 3042 is demonstrated by their publication of the books by Bennett and de Lisle as citations in their second submission 3043, which was published in the ICZN publication at the same time.
	www.smuggled.com /iczn1.htm (3273 words)

	Carettochelydae and Chelidae Information Network
		The ICZN (1999;Article 23.9) allows for the preservation of of junior synonyms that have consistent usage.
		One must then petition the ICZN to use its plenary power to set aside the original holotype and designate a neotype for the species.
		Until such time as a petition to the ICZN can be resolved, the recommendations of the ICZN (1999;Article 82.1) demand that prevailing usage be maintained and hence the current name for the northern long-neck turtle remains C.
	www.carettochelys.com /literature/nomen_oblonga2.htm (1065 words)

	[No title]
		For instance, in the ICZN, familygroup names must end in —oidea for superfamilies, —idae for families, —inae for subfamilies, —ini for tribes, and —ina for subtribes, and they must be derived from the name of a genus included in these taxa.
		Thus, the rule of priority of the ICZN can result in shifting names to more or less inclusive clades, depending on the sequence in which taxa were erected (in the example given, the name Chamaelonidae is shifted to a more inclusive clade that could be more appropriately named Agamidae).
		The rule of priority in the ICZN (for example) only insures that the holotype of the type species of the type genus of a family will always be in the same family (along with its species and genus), but that is all that is strictly required by that code.
	www.istitutoveneto.it /iv/attivita/convegniescuole/animali/I_laurin.doc (8502 words)

	[Carabid] Re: carabid genera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In particular, something that I could not expect in 1998 is the massive retrospective effect of a new principle (vaguely defined, by the way), i.e.
		Hundreds of decisions made under the requirements of the previous Code have to be reconsidered again.
		However, ICZN 4 rules that the correct spelling is that which is in "prevailing use".
	www.cnr.berkeley.edu /pipermail/carabid/2001-December/000022.html (269 words)

	Ecology
		The rules of zoological nomenclature are contained in a document known as the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).
		Stability The ICZN attempts to prevent the frequent changing of names to provide stability.
		Although rudimentary biologic classification may predate civilization, the questions of how classifications are to be constructed and even to what use they should be put are by no means settled.
	www.cic-caracas.org /departments/science/Ecology.php (1110 words)

	Genera Reference- Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Originally as "Osmeri" a subgroup of Salmo; with two species; made available by ICZN (Opinion 77; Direction 69).
		ICZN Direction 69 gives authorship of this genus to Linnaeus 1758; see also Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396] who regards Bory de Saint-Vincent, v.
		Objective synonym of and preoccupied by Osmerus Linnaeus as validated by ICZN.
	www.fishbase.org /Eschmeyer/GeneraSummary.cfm?ID=Osmerus (163 words)

	Metriaclima vs. Maylandia
		The ICZN also states that when two names have been proposed, and neither disputed, then the senior name is to be favoured.
		Those who challenge the name, suggest that Maylandia in itself means nothing (given it is not descriptive, but a name in honour of someone, which is typical for species names, but not for genus), and that the description is flawed.
		So in summary, Maylandia was proposed first, meets the ICZN requirements, but is not perfect for a couple of reasons.
	www.cichlid-forum.com /articles/metriaclima_vs_maylandia.php (539 words)

	Crocodilian Species List - Distribution Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, the ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) states that in such a case, the original designation is the one which must stand.
		A proposal was published in 1956 by the then-secretary of the ICZN, Francis Hemming, to validate Daudin's original 1-'p' spelling.
		The logic behind changing the name for the American alligator appears to be the same for the Australian freshwater crocodile: the change would correct the misspelling of a proper noun, and the name appears as "johnstoni" in not just several but the majority of scientific publications on the animal.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /natsci/herpetology/brittoncrocs/csl-classify4.htm (830 words)

	Cash for Scientific names: proposed outlawing of the practice.
		The ‘Rules’ as set out by the ICZN dictate the process and the nomenclatural act is the simple part of the equation.
		The purpose of this application is to make it against the ICZN rules for a person to accept any cash or other form of gratuity for designating a scientific name in honour of any person, company or corporation.
		However while the act of naming a new species is fairly simple, it is currently a scientific convention that a substantial amount of research is done on a new species (and if possible related species) before one rushes to print with a new species description.
	www.smuggled.com /CasTax1.htm (3215 words)

	Draft BioCode (1997): the prospective international rules for the scientific names of organisms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hampreston Manor, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 7LX, U.K. ICZN, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. In this Code, the term "fossil" is applied to a taxon when its name is based on a fossil type and the term "non-fossil" is applied to a taxon when its name is based on a non-fossil type.
		Any matter containing a statement to the effect that it is not intended for general public use is not considered as a publication.
		In publications dealing with the taxonomy and nomenclature of organisms, it may be desirable, even when no bibliographic reference to the protologue is made, to cite the name of the author(s) who established the name concerned and the date of its establishment.
	www.rom.on.ca /biodiversity/biocode/biocode1997.html (8234 words)

	The Tangled Taxonomic History of the Sandtiger Shark
		In 1961, three eminent paleontologists and ichthyologists - E.I. White, W. Tucker, and N.B. Marshall - submitted a proposal to repeal ICZN Opinion 47, which gave priority to the genus Carcharias for the species taurus.
		White and his co-authors argued that the genus Odontaspis should be conserved in favor of Carcharias on two main grounds.
		In 1965, based on this argument, the ICZN rejected Carcharias (voting 20 to 2), placing it on their Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic names in Zoology (Opinion 723.5a, name no. 1746).
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/topics/ng_sandtiger_taxonomy.htm (672 words)

	PhyloCode Discussion - Message 2001-12-0002: Fwd: Why is the PhyloCode so strict? (long) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When the description of a new taxon is not written in English, French, >German, Italian, or Latin, it should be accompanied by a translation into >one of those languages.
		The approach taken in the ICZN would be fine if it were a rule rather than a recommendation and if everyone agreed on which languages are "widely used".
		However, the only way to ensure that an appropriate language is used is to specify which ones are appropriate in the form of a rule.
	phylocode.miketaylor.org.uk /archive/messages/2001-12-0002.html (428 words)

	Glossary: Paleontology: Guide to Authors: Publishing in ESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(ICZN) the single specimen that was designated by the author as the name-bearer of a species or subspecies when it was established, or the single specimen on which the taxon was based when no type was specified
		(ICZN) a syntype that is designated as the single name-bearing type specimen after the establishment of a species or subspecies
		(ICZN) a specimen subsequently designated as the name-bearing type of a species or subspecies for which, it is believed, there no longer exists a holotype, lectotype, syntype(s), or prior neotype (i.e.
	www.nrcan.gc.ca /ess/pubs/guide/paleo/gloss_e.html (827 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: DEVELOPING A PROTOCOL FOR THE CONVERSION OF RANK-BASED TAXON NAMES TO PHYLOGENETICALLY DEFINED ...
		A second problem is that there is no widely accepted protocol for associating a particular node-, stem-, or apomorphy-based clade with one among a realm of possible candidate names from the traditional taxonomic literature (e.g., Sereno, 1998, 1999).
		Special emphasis was placed on reading all primary literature, and not relying on secondary references, to avoid propagating incorrectly cited ideas about turtle taxa as governed by the ICZN (1999) and their associated circumscriptions and names.
		Following the current rules of the ICZN (1999), we consider only formal Latin names and ignore all literature using vernacular English, French, German, or Italian terms, such as 'Chéloniens' (Brongniart, 180Oa, 180Ob) or 'Testuggini' (Bonaparte, 1836b).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200409/ai_n9448252 (1102 words)

	Description Sailfin Molly - Poecilia latipinna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This conflict created confusion and eventually necessitated a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).
		In 1959, the ICZN placed precedence on the name Mollienesia latipinna Lesueur 1821.
		A number of other synonyms exist, most of which are based on specimens from other areas of the sailfin molly's rather large native range.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/SailfinMolly/SailfinMolly.html (1049 words)

	The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and the new Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		All those attending the Athens Congress will be able to participate in the election of several new members of the ICZN, which since the Congress of 1895 has had two main duties: formulating successive editions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and regulating its application in those cases where strict adherence would cause confusion.
		The ICZN will be meeting in conjunction with the Congress.
		Information about the new International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the ICZN may be obtained from the Commission's Website (www.iczn.org) or Secretariat (e-mail iczn@nhm.ac.uk).
	shum.cc.huji.ac.il /~por/icz_xviii/ICZNMeeting.html (326 words)

	Antaresia Python (Maculosa, Childreni, Stimsoni & Perthensis) Care Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Due to the ICZN rule of priority, the Wells and Wellington name should (in theory) be the correct one to use.
		Wells and Wellington counter that their information as printed is sufficient as per ICZN rules, particularly when referenced with the specimen lodged at a public museum, to wit the Australian Museum in Sydney.
		You see shortly thereafter there was a petition to the ICZN by a substantial number of Australian herpetologists that called for the complete suppression of three works by Wells and Wellington (1984, 1985a, 1985b), which included the one relevant here.
	snakesnadders.tripod.com /id181.html (9504 words)

	Changes to ICZN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I feel that it is quite unfortunate that the ICZN is not made public in the internet and that in the name of copyright (i.e, copywrong) they prevent its publication--this will lead to its ultimate demise.
		The original intent for posting the summary of changes here was to inform members of our Systematics Discussion Group (most of whom do not own a copy of the ICZN)-- and members of taxacom that found it thought it was useful.
		Furthermore it appears to be in fact a copy of the prepublication change details taken from ICZN website (and no longer online there), not precisely what is in the book of the Code (which has the usual all rights reserved notice).
	www.museum.unl.edu /research/systematics/Orti/ICZN-changes.html (346 words)

	NANFA Mailing List Archive: NANFA-- Esox "lacustris" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The ICZN usually only steps in to clarify the rules.
		ICZN has cracked down on new species descriptions done by aquarium hobbyists and
		The ICZN also serves as a referee in matters of nomenclatural stability.
	www.nanfa.org /archive/nanfa/nanfajul00/0109.html (508 words)

	VALIDITY OF THE SPECIES NAME TRIPODUS LAEVIS BRADSHAW, 1969 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to ICZN Article 24.2.1 “When the precedence between names or nomenclatural acts cannot be objectively determined, the precedence is fixed by the action of the first author citing in a published work those names or acts and selecting from them; this author is termed the “First Reviser”.
		Apparently unaware of the actions taken in the monograph by Ethington and Clark (1981), Stouge (1984, p.
		This name can be changed only if it becomes clear that somewhere in the world, one of the elements in its apparatus has been described earlier than Bradshaw’s1969 paper, or if can be established that T.
	seis.natsci.csulb.edu /ORDSTRATDOCS/Validity_of_name_T._laevis.htm (652 words)

	Zoological Citation Notes -- R
		However, as Edward Dickinson pointed out to me, the name Anthus roseatus was established as the approved name by the ICZN in Opinion 803, (1967.03.06) so considerations of priority and the mysteries of publishing history become moot with regard to this name.
		The ICZN 1999 article 51 c (i) states: "This use of parentheses applies only to changes in the name of the genus with which the species-group name is combined; it is not affected by the presence of a subgeneric name..."
		I initially interpreted ICZN 1999 30.1.4.3 to state that the genus-group name is masculine.
	www.zoonomen.net /avtax/n/r.html (4440 words)

	Ichneumonidae: Introduction
		Townes refused to accept the validity of Opinion 157 of ICZN (which placed Cryptus Fabricius, 1804 on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology) and used Itamoplex for what was hitherto known as Cryptus; under his idiosyncratic system of nomenclature, Gelinae became the name of the subfamily.
		However, even if Opinion 157 is considered valid (Wahl and Mason, 1996), the ICZN failed to suppress Cryptus Panzer, 1804, resulting in Phygadeuontinae as the correct name for the subfamily (Fitton and Gauld, 1978).
		Ichneumonines are plagued by competing generic nomenclatures, due to Townes' refusal to accept the validity of Opinion 159.
	iris.biosci.ohio-state.edu /catalogs/ichneumonids (2584 words)

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