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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Noekeon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Categories: Block ciphers In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation.
		In cryptography, the CS-Cipher is a block cipher invented by Jacques Stern and Serge Vaudenay in 1998.
		In cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a block cipher with a particular structure, named after IBM cryptographer Horst Feistel; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Noekeon (0 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: SHACAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Encryption Decryption In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation.
		SHACAL turns the SHA-1 compression function into a block cipher by using the state input as the data block and using the data input as the key input.
		Category: Block ciphers Encryption Decryption In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/SHACAL (0 words)

	SSLeay 0.9.0b docs
		IDEA is a symmetric block cipher that operates on 64-bit (8 byte) quantities.
		The cipher text is then encrypted to generate the next 64 bits to be xored (incrementally) with the next 64 bits of plain text.
		As can be seen from this, to encrypt or decrypt, the same 'cipher stream' needs to be generated but the way the next block of data is gathered for encryption is different for encryption and decryption.
	www.columbia.edu /~ariel/ssleay/idea.html (0 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| The IDEA Encryption Algorithm \| July 22, 2001
		IDEA is a block cipher, operating on 64-bit data blocks: 64 bits of plaintext go in one end and 64-bits of ciphertext come out the other.
		IDEA's key length is 128 bits--over twice as long as the DES key.
		The IDEA block cipher is patented in Europe, and the patent is pending in the United States.
	www.ddj.com /184409125?pgno=8 (3023 words)

	libidea : IDEA block cipher library
		IDEA is a block cipher invented by Xuejia Lai and James Massey in 1991.
		A block cipher is an encryption algorithm that encrypts the data in blocks.
		IDEA is a symmetrical algorithm, which means that the same key is used both for encryption and for decryption.
	www.usinglinux.org /security/libidea.html (70 words)

	Security
		The IDEA(tm) block cipher is covered by a patent held by ETH and a Swiss company called Ascom-Tech AG.
		The IDEA block cipher uses a 64-bit block size, and a 128-bit key size.
		It breaks the 64-bit cipher block into four 16-bit words because all of the primitive inner operations are done with 16-bit arithmetic.
	www.nd.edu /~iraf/Public/karma/www/programmer-manual/node6.html (517 words)

	[No title]
		IDEA ABPs IDEA implementation for XPK Version 1.00 Copyright 1992 André Beck License/Disclaimer ------------------ This library may be freely distributed with the XPK compression package, as long as it is kept in its original, complete, and unmodified form.
		The IDEA cipher is known to be somewhat slow.
		An IDEA password consists of the key value and a optional set of initializers, both specified either as a plain ascii string to be hashed or as the explicite hexadecimal value.
	cd.textfiles.com /zoom2/utilities/packers/xpk25usr/docs/idea.doc (1736 words)

	FreshPorts -- security/libidea
		IDEA is a block cipher invented by Xuejia Lai and James Massey in 1991.
		A block cipher is an encryption algorithm that encrypts the data in blocks.
		IDEA is a symmetrical algorithm, which means that the same key is used both for encryption and for decryption.
	www.freshports.org /security/libidea (151 words)

	United States Patent 5,727,062 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A chaining mode is not a block cipher in the sense of the present application, and the '152 patent does not handle the variable size block ciphers of the present application.
		All ciphers are made from smaller components, and many block ciphers have operations in layers of some form or other, but it is unusual to find a block cipher design in which each layer can be easily extended (in element-size steps) to arbitrary size.
		The problem of matching a cipher to existing or optimal data block sizes so as to better fit a particular application is a problem with which the literature does not seem particularly concerned.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /PATS/VSBCPAT.HTM (15792 words)

	Cipher - FAQ
		Cipher was originally developed by Synaptic Soup to provide it with a game engine that it could re-use for multiple games in different genres, with Quake-like features.
		Cipher has been used to produce a game that runs on a Pentium II 300Mhz with a Rage 128, which is a very low spec machine by today's standards.
		Cipher's model file formats are fully documented in the programmers manual, so if your team needs support for a specific tool, your programmers will have all the information they need to develop an exporter.
	www.cipherengine.com /faq.php (2929 words)

	[No title]
		IDEA is a block cipher that operates on 64bit (8 byte) quantities.
		CFB64 mode operates by using the cipher to generate a stream of bytes which is used to encrypt the plain text.
		The cipher text is then encrypted to generate the next 64 bits to be xored (incrementally) with the next 64 bits of plain text.
	stuff.mit.edu /afs/athena/contrib/crypto/Oldfiles/src/SSLeay-0.6.4/doc/idea.doc (1141 words)

	Cipher 2.2 Information
		Cipher is a small application to keep your secrets really secret by enciphering them with one of the most reliable encryption algorithms.
		In order to achive maximum entropy inside the key, the last 128 bits of the keyword are being used after encrypting the plain key (using IDEA and cipher block chaining and the usual block padding) with the first 128 bits of the plain key.
		The encryption algorithm being used is the IDEA algorithm, which is copyrighted and patented by Mediacrypt, a Swiss company.
	www.klawitter.de /palm/cipher.html (0 words)

	IDEAEngine (Bouncy Castle Library 1.37 API Specification)
		Return the name of the algorithm the cipher implements.
		Return the block size for this cipher (in bytes).
		After resetting the cipher is in the same state as it was after the last init (if there was one).
	www.bouncycastle.org /docs/docs1.4/org/bouncycastle/crypto/engines/IDEAEngine.html (0 words)

	IDEA
		While the speed of computers continues to increase and their cost decrease at a very rapid pace, it will probably never get to the point that IDEA could be broken by the brute force attack.
		The only type of attack that might succeed is one that tries to solve the problem from a mathematical standpoint by analyzing the transformations that take place between plain text blocks, and their cipher text equivalents.
		It appears that there is no algorithm much better suited to solving an IDEA cipher than the brute force attack (which in practice is impossible).
	www.pvv.ntnu.no /~asgaut/crypto/thesis/node12.html (0 words)

	Citations: Improved Cryptanalysis of RC5 - Biryukov, Kushilevitz (ResearchIndex)
		MARS - a candidate cipher for AES - Burwick, Coppersmith, D'Avignon..
		Multiplications were used for encryption in the IDEA cipher and its variants [7] However, until recently....
		The cipher gets its strength from data dependent rotations, a construct also used in Madryga [Mad84] Akelarre [AGMP96] RC6 [RRS 98,CRRY98] and Mars [BCD 98] Presently, 16 rounds (each RC5 round consists of two Feistel rounds) of RC5 is considered to be secure.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/363441/0 (0 words)

	ASPN : IDEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This perl extension is an implementation of the IDEA block cipher algorithm.
		This creates a new IDEA BlockCipher object, using $key, where $key is a key of
		The IDEA algorithm is patented in Europe and the United States by Ascom-Tech AG.
	aspn.activestate.com /ASPN/CodeDoc/Crypt-IDEA/IDEA.html (0 words)

	RFC 3058 (rfc3058) - Use of the IDEA Encryption Algorithm in CMS
		IDEA is added to the set of optional symmetric encryption algorithms in S/MIME by providing two unique object identifiers (OIDs).
		Generation and distribution of IDEA key- encryption keys are beyond the scope of this document.
		The IDEA key-wrap algorithm is defined by: 1.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc3058.html (1793 words)

	Fred Cohen & Associates
		We begin with a classification scheme for ciphers given by Gary Knight [Knight78] in the first of a series of articles which posed ciphers to the reader, and after a given period of time demonstrated reader solutions along with explanations of how they solved the ciphers.
		The general case of this sort of cipher is the "monoalphabetic substitution cipher" wherein each letter is mapped into another letter in a one to one fashion.
		At first, the military used a Vigenere cipher with a short repeating keyword, but in 1863, a solution was discovered by Friedrich W. Kasiski for all periodic polyalphabetic ciphers which up until this time were considered unbreakable, so the military had to search for a new cipher to replace the Vigenere.
	www.all.net /books/ip/Chap2-1.html (5872 words)

	United States Patent 5,623,549; Part A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Block ciphers, in combination with balanced block mixers and/or with substitution mechanisms, produce cryptographic mechanisms with block sizes that are combinations of the sizes of the block ciphers.
		Furthermore, the terms "cipher" and "ciphering" are employed to refer generally to both enciphering and deciphering.
		Cipher mechanisms are also enhanced by transforming their inputs and outputs using balanced block mixers and arrays of substitution mechanisms.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /PATS/MIXPATA.HTM (3901 words)

	ciphers
		List ciphers with a complete description of proto- col version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes TLS), key exchange, authentication, encryption and mac algorithms used along with any key size restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed as an "export" cipher.
		Note that without the -v option, ciphers may seem to appear twice in a cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for SSL v2 and for SSL v3/TLS v1.
		These cipher suites are vulnerable to a "man in the middle" attack and so their use is normally discouraged.
	linuxcommand.org /man_pages/ciphers1.html (889 words)

	radicals
		In general, a single cipher algorithm is used during all data transmission but, as there are many algorithms and they cause different loads in end hosts, their inclusion in the adaptation mechanism makes sense and gives an additional degree of freedom to the programmer and user.
		In general, the ciphering algorithms do not increase the amount of data to be sent, except possibly by a small quantity, so the bandwidth used is not affected by the ciphering scheme.
		The ciphering and deciphering components are specific to each kind of cipher: IDEA, DES, etc. For instance, an IDEA deciphering component gets a frame, ciphers it and passes it to the RTP component (fig.
	www.di.fc.ul.pt /~mpc/radicals.html (2934 words)

	[No title]
		Second Rekeying Recommendation Because of a birthday property of block ciphers and some modes of operation, implementations must be careful not to encrypt too many blocks with the same encryption key.
		If an SSH implementation uses a block cipher with a larger block size (e.g., Rijndael with 256-bit blocks), then the recommendations in Section 3.1 may supersede the recommendations in this subsection (depending on the lengths of the packets).
		One property of counter mode encryption is that it does not require that messages be padded to a multiple of the block cipher's block length.
	www.isi.edu /in-notes/rfc4344.txt (0 words)

	Fast IDEA for Pentium MMX/Pentium
		Most of the block ciphers in general use are inherently nonparallelisable due to their use of S-boxes and/or table lookups.
		IDEA has been known for the cryptographic community for ten years, and it is still unbroken.
		Bosselaers' implementation of IDEA in the last table) due to the costly 16-bit multiplications involved.
	home.cyber.ee /helger/implementations/fastidea (928 words)

	Competitive Intelligence Software Requirements
		With over 10 years' experience in competitive intelligence consulting and technology, including 65+ software installations, Cipher is the right choice for your short list.
		No matter what solution you're considering, having a specific list of your requirements is a good idea.
		Use Cipher's own software requirements definition document to help you refine your needs - it's offered here free of charge.
	www.cipher-sys.com /requirements.htm (87 words)

	Perl Diver : Module Documentation
		At the time of cipher creation, you specify an encryption key to use and, optionally, a block encryption algorithm.
		You may refer to them using their full names (``Crypt::IDEA'') or in abbreviated form (``IDEA''.) If no algorithm is provided, DES is assumed.
		This could be improved by implementing this module in C. It may also be worthwhile to optimize the DES and IDEA block algorithms further.
	www.scriptsolutions.com /programs/free/perldiver/perldiver.cgi?action=2010&module=Crypt::CBC (582 words)

	Miss In The Middle Attack on reduced variants the Block Cipher IDEA
		In this paper I present an implementation of E. Biham, A. Biryukov and A. Shamir Miss In the Middle attack on The Block Cipher IDEA (by Lai and Massey)
		Lai and Massey and it describes the IDEA cipher.
		The cipher IDEA is an iterated cipher consisting of 8 rounds followed by
	www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il /~albi/cryptanalysis/Projects/Final/Leonid/IDEA_MIMA.htm (1779 words)

	PGP Attacks
		It is made up of 4 cryptographic elements: It contains a symmetric cipher (IDEA), an asymmetric cipher (RSA), a one-way hash (MD5), and a random number generator (Which is two-headed, actually: it samples entropy from the user and then uses that to seed a PRNG).
		In PGP's case a wash is an IDEA encryption in cipher-feedback mode.
		The IDEA session key is then generated as is an IV.
	axion.physics.ubc.ca /pgp-attack.html (0 words)

	Inferno's IDEA(1)
		Idea encrypts or decrypts data using the IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) cipher first proposed by Xuejia Lai and James Massey in 1990.
		If no input file is given, the output from idea is always sent to standard output.
		Note that the quotes around the key are interpreted by the shell and simply delimit the key string.
	www.vitanuova.com /inferno/man/1/idea.html (220 words)

	ISS X-Force Database: ssh-idea-modify-packets(6472): SSH1 using IDEA cipher could allow the modification of packets
		SSH (Secure Shell) version 1 using the IDEA cipher in cipher feedback (CFB) mode could allow a remote attacker to modify SSH packets.
		An attacker could intercept an SSH packet, modify the last block of the SSH stream and the CRC checksum, and retransmit the packet to the victim with the changes remaining undetected.
		CVE-2001-1470: The IDEA cipher as implemented by SSH1 does not protect the final block of a message against modification, which allows remote attackers to modify the block without detection by changing its cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to match the modifications to the message.
	xforce.iss.net /static/6472.php (0 words)

	Making and Breaking Codes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this cipher, each letter is transposed to another letter a random distance away.
		The IDEA cipher, which is heavily used on the Internet, has 128 bit keys.
		The IDEA cipher (128 bits) is very likely very strong, as no one yet has found any weaknesses.
	cactus.eas.asu.edu /partha/Columns/03-19-encryption.htm (1824 words)

	Cryptography Lab - IDEA Block Cipher Internals & Modes of Use
		To explore the operation of the IDEA block cipher, you will be using the IDEA Calculator Applet.
		Describe which characteristics of a good block cipher design have been illustrated by this exercise, and how they are demonstrated.
		Note - you are not asked to compute the IDEA internal values by hand, you may use the IDEA Calculator for this.
	www.adfa.oz.au /~lpb/src/IDEAcalc/lab_idea.html (1391 words)

	FX Claim IDEA
		Claim IDEA - IDEA cipher cracked by 2000
		An attack on IDEA will be found before 2000 UT which requires, on average, work equivalent to less than 2^126 encryptions or decryptions (including key scheduling for each encryption/decryption).
		This may involve up to 2^56 chosen on known texts, and may be adaptive.
	www.ideosphere.com /fx-bin/Claim?claim=IDEA (354 words)

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