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Topic: IDLH

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	NIOSH: Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH) - idlh-1
		IDLHs were originally determined for 387 substances in the mid-1970's as part of the Standards Completion Program (SCP), a joint project by NIOSH and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for use in assigning respiratory protection equipment.
		NIOSH is currently evaluating the scientific adequacy of the criteria and procedures used during the SCP for establishing IDLHs.
		In this document, IDLHs are listed with the basis and references for the current values as well as with the original IDLHs and their documentation (as paraphrased from the SCP draft technical standards).
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/idlh/idlh-1.html (179 words)

	SOP 3-II-10 2 IN 2 OUT
		IDLH Atmosphere: An atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individuals ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
		If the presence of an "IDLH atmosphere" has been determined, and there are less than 5 qualified firefighters on the scene, the companies shall wait until at least 5 qualified firefighters are assembled on the scene before initiating operations within the IDLH atmosphere.
		Two qualified firefighters may begin operating within the IDLH atmosphere as long as two additional qualified firefighters (properly equipped) are outside the IDLH atmosphere to serve as the initial rapid intervention team (RIT), and one person maintains the operation of the pump.
	www.cfdonline.org /book3/3-ii-10.htm (1293 words)

	Occupational Exposure Limits
		IDLH limits were created mainly to assist in making decisions regarding respirator use: above the IDLH only supplied air respirators should be used, below the IDLH, air purifying respirators may be used, if appropriate.
		Workers should not be in an IDLH environment for any length of time unless they are equipped and protected to be in that environment.
		IDLH values were determined based on animal and human data.
	archive.orr.noaa.gov /cameo/locs/worklims.html (1012 words)

	Volume 14 Number 2 1996
		The IDLH concentrations, published in the Pocket Guide, were set to allow a worker without a respirator to escape without loss of life, irreversible health effects, severe eye or respiratory irritation, or other effects that might impair escape (e.g., disorientation).
		IDLH values for 272 substances were lowered, values for 57 substances were unchanged, and values were established for 58 substances that did not originally have IDLH values listed.
		For example, the IDLH for ethyl ether was lowered from 19,000 ppm (the lower explosive limit) to 1,900 ppm (10% of the lower explosive limit).
	www.3m.com /intl/ca/english/market/traffic/ohes/pdf_health/14-2.html (3786 words)

	Sample Respiratory Protection Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This program shall apply to all employees who may be or are required to wear respiratory protection during firefighting or other emergency operations where an IDLH or other respiratory hazard exists.
		IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health, means an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
		When the Incident Commander cannot ensure the employees ability to escape from the hazardous environment, one employee shall be stationed at the point of entry to maintain accountability and be readily available to perform immediate rescue.
	www.state.me.us /labor/workplace_safety/respiratory/samp.htm (2907 words)

	Ritchie Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In other words, R-12 with a IDLH value of 15,000 ppm must be detected at 7500 ppm.
		Ammonia with a significantly lower IDLH of 300 ppm and a TWA of 25 ppm requires detection at 150 ppm to comply with 50% IDLH requirements.
		R-123 has a TWA of 50ppm and an IDLH of 1000 ppm, therefore detection at 100 ppm provides a good margin of safety.
	www.yellowjacket.com /3d.htm (787 words)

	Abstract from 1999 SRA Annual Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) concentrations are airborne levels that upon exposure are likely to result in death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects, or are likely to prevent escape from the exposure.
		The analysis was conducted to determine the appropriateness of the existing IDLH values with an emphasis on the strength of the supporting data.
		The critical effect for the IDLH concentrations was lethality for four substances, eye or respiratory irritation for five substances, and central nervous system effects for six substances.
	www.riskworld.com /Abstract/1999/SRAam99/ab9ab217.htm (269 words)

	IDLH
		IDLH : The maximum level to which a healthy individual can be exposed to a chemical for 30 minutes and escape without suffering irreversible health effects or impairing symptoms.
		IDLH values have been established for 219 of the 904 chemicals in
		Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) means an atmosphere that poses an...
	www.mongabay.com /reference/environment/IDLH.html (624 words)

	[No title]
		The definition of IDLH that was derived during the Standards Completion Program was based on the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) definition stipulated in 30 CFR 11.3(t).
		The purpose for establishing an IDLH value in the Standards Completion Program was to ensure that a worker could escape without injury or irreversible health effects from an IDLH exposure in the event of the failure of respiratory protection equipment.
		In determining IDLH values, the ability of a worker to escape without loss of life or irreversible health effects was considered along with severe eye or respiratory irritation and other deleterious effects (e.g., disorientation or incoordination) that could prevent escape.
	members.tripod.com /~Safety/page4b.html (2640 words)

	IDLH VIEWER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The "immediately dangerous to life or health air concentration values (IDLHs)" are used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as respirator selection criteria.
		The Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs) is a compilation of the rationale and sources of information used by NIOSH during the original determination of 387 IDLHs and their subsequent review and revision in 1994.
		IDLH Viewer is an electronic hypertext document of the Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs).
	www.ihresources.com /idlhprod.htm (218 words)

	CAMEO Today Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The current (1994) definition of the IDLH is a condition "that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." For concentrations above the IDLH, a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is required.
		IDLHs are based on analysis of human and animal studies and were developed for fewer than 100 substances.
		IDLHs were developed for the typical worker (a healthy adult) and allow for some discomfort or even temporary health effect at the level suggested.
	www.nsc.org /xroads/1oldxroads/vol7no5.htm (6706 words)

	Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Therefore, the IDLH cannot be set to protect these sensitized individuals.
		Because there is no evidence of an IDLH for nonsensitized individuals, for this draft technical standard, respirators have been selected on the basis of the assigned protection factor afforded by each device up to 2,000 ´ the OSHA PEL of 0.002 mg Pt/m
		Basis for revised IDLH: Since the available toxicological data do not indicate any acute toxic effects in nonsensitized individuals, the revised IDLH for soluble platinum salts is 4 mg Pt/m
	www.bu.edu /ehs/ih/idlh/platinum.htm (262 words)

	Public Exposure Guidelines
		Technical Guidance for Hazard Analysis, because it was recognized that the Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) limits may not be applicable for general public exposure.
		The choice for 1/10 of the IDLH is based on reducing the IDLH by one order of magnitude, thus providing a safety factor.
		The EEGLs were developed for young, healthy military personnel, so the same logic that applies to the IDLH applies to EEGLs: exposure that may be a nuisance to a young and healthy adult may be a real problem for a compromised individual.
	archive.orr.noaa.gov /cameo/locs/expguide.html (1710 words)

	Welcome to Saint Vincent College
		All personnel responding to potential or existing IDLH situations must be dressed in full PPE, to include SCBA.
		Two fire fighters in full PPE must be assigned outside the IDLH to serve as a rapid intervention team (RIT), prepared to rescue fire fighters if necessary.
		Once a second team enters the IDLH, it is considered a full response, and a dedicated team of two members shall be assigned outside the IDLH.
	www.stvincent.edu /svfd12 (241 words)

	Firehouse.Com HazMat Zone - Hazardous Materials Training - HazMat Response: The Eagles Are Coming: What Exposure ...
		Additionally, IDLH is the level of exposure at which the elderly, respiratory impaired, and children would most likely experience severe health problems yet people in good health may not.
		One such response from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Federal Emergency Response Administration (FEMA), and the DOT was to use 1/10 IDLH's as the new level of concern (LOC) in which to base evacuation decisions.
		Although the 1/10 IDLH LOC provided a safety factor by a magnitude of 10 in order to better protect hypersensitive individuals its exposure duration was designed for a mere 30 minutes.
	www.firehouse.com /training/hazmat/training/2002/7_exposure.html (1035 words)

	Williams Fire & Hazard Control, Inc® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A revised IDLH for Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether was set at 600 PPM based on acute toxicity in humans and animals.
		Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for dipropylene glycol methyl ether is 600 ppm based on acute toxicity data in humans [Rowe et al.
		This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers exposed to concentrations between 400 and 1,000 ppm.
	www.williamsfire.com /bulletin/bulletinfoam.html (1549 words)

	Untitled Document
		These respirators may be used in IDLH atmospheres and are good for situations that require extended work periods beyond the time provided by an SCBA alone.
		University Fire Department personnel are the only employees authorized to enter IDLH atmospheres unless otherwise approved by the Department of Environmental Health and Safety.
		At least two employees enter the IDLH atmosphere and remain in visual or voice contact with one another at all times.
	www.ehs.uconn.edu /Occupational/occurespirator.html (5245 words)

	Podium 112. Advances in Occupational Epidemiology and Toxicology: Standards, Guidelines, and Classifications
		The IDLHs and AEGLs are applicable in high hazard activities and emergency response planning.
		In 1994, NIOSH reviewed all IDLH values to insure they were adequately protective, adding 10% of the lower explosive limit as a new criterion.
		Although NIOSH introduced IDLHs as respirator selection criteria, their application has spread, including specific references in regulations and routine use by emergency responders.
	www.aiha.org /abs04/po112.htm (1583 words)

	OHS - Respiratory Protections
		Where employees enter IDLH atmospheres, the supervising department shall ensure that they are equipped with retrieval equipment for lifting or removing them from the hazardous area, or shall ensure that equivalent provisions for rescue have been made.
		The supervising department shall ensure that each self-contained breathing apparatus used in IDLH atmospheres, or for emergency entry or firefighting, is certified for a minimum service life of thirty minutes.
		"Immediately dangerous to life or health" or "IDLH" means an atmosphere where the concentration of oxygen or hazardous chemical(s) would cause a person without respiratory protection to be fatally injured or would cause irreversible or incapacitating effects on that person’s health.
	www.udel.edu /OHS/Respproproced.html (7517 words)

	Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)
		[1975] as safe for coke oven workers, a total dose IDLH of 120 mg CTPV (as benzene solubles) is calculated; by using 7.5 liters as the minute volume of coke oven workers and a 75% lung retention of CTPV a 30minute IDLH is calculated to be about 700 mg/m
		1975], a total dose IDLH of 120 mg CTPV (as benzene solubles) is calculated; by using 50 liters as the minute volume of workers and 100% lung retention of CTPV, a 30minute IDLH is calculated to be about 80 mg/m
		Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for coal tar pitch volatiles is 80 mg/m
	www.bu.edu /ehs/ih/idlh/65996932.htm (636 words)

	Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statements by ACGIH [1971] that "animals showed evidence of pulmonary edema (disturbed breathing) at the lowest exposure tested, 1 ppm for 4 hours; a 1hour exposure at 1 ppm produced greatly accelerated respiration but no mortality" [Kimmerle 1960].
		The IDLH has been conservatively set, but no other data on acute inhalation toxicity are available on which to base an IDLH.
		Basis for revised IDLH: Based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Kimmerle 1960], the original IDLH for tellurium hexafluoride (1 ppm) is not being revised at this time.
	www.mdcampbell.com.cob-web.org:8888 /niosh/idlh/7783804.htm (242 words)

	Next
		In the interim no respirator recommendations will be made for substances without IDLH values (these will be noted by "To be added later").
		Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or entry into IDLH conditions are followed by the classes of respirators acceptable for these conditions.
		Selection of a specific respirator within a given class of recommended respirators depends on the particular situation; this choice should be made only by a knowledgeable person.
	corp-med.com /Resources/next7.htm (580 words)

	[No title]
		Respirators for IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) Atmospheres: Atmosphere supplying respirators operated in a positive pressure mode shall be used by all personnel working in areas where: The atmosphere is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).
		While working in IDLH atmospheres, during interior firefighting operations in fires that have progressed beyond the incipient stage, or HazMat operations, employees entering will work in teams having a minimum of two (2) persons who remain in visual or voice contact at all times.
		Two firefighters shall be located outside the IDLH atmosphere; Visual, voice, or signal line communication is maintained between the firefighters in the IDLH atmosphere and the firefighters located outside the IDLH atmosphere.
	www.michigan.gov /documents/cis_wsh_cet5731_90303_7.doc (4702 words)

	.IDLH documentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Example of information given by the IDLH Viewer.
		IDLH Viewer presents the information in a visually different format.
		Basis for original (SCP) IDLH The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by AIHA [1958] that concentrations of 10 ppm or above cause such severe upper respiratory irritation that such concentrations will not be voluntarily borne [MCA 1968].
	www.ihresources.com /brom.htm (327 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For facilities located several miles from the site boundary it is quite possible to have an event that would not meet the commercial emergency classification criteria yet expose onsite workers to levels several times the criteria for emergency classification.
		When the effects of distance are taken into consideration for chemical emergencies, the use of the IDLH values and the respective percentages at the site boundary for classification can result in lethal concentrations existing onsite with no corresponding emergency declaration.
		The IDLH was developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) specifically for the use in the selection of respiratory protection for healthy workers.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /radsafe/9707/doc00000.doc (954 words)

	Guide Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The criteria and information sources for both the original and revised IDLH values are given in Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLHs) (NTIS Publication No.PB-94-195047 - also at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/idlh-1.html - see also http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/intridl4.html).
		IDLH values are listed for nearly 400 substances and are given in either ppm or mg/m3.
		"10 percent LEL" indicates that the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.
	www.ovid.com /site/products/fieldguide/CHEMBANK/npgh.htm (7525 words)

	PremAire® Supplied-Air Respirator System
		Supplied-air respirator with emergency-escape air cylinder for egress from IDLH atmospheres.
		Combination supplied-air/air-purifying respirator, which lets you move freely from station to station without being tethered to an air-supply hose, yet still be protected by the device's air-purifying capability.
		When equipped with the emergency-escape cylinder option and the Ultravue or Ultra Elite pressure-demand facepieces, the PremAire System is also approved for use in IDLH atmospheres.
	www.msanet.com /msafp/product732.html (614 words)

	: Technical Tidbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Butane has an IDLH set at 10% of LEL, or 1600 ppm. The LEL for butane is 1.6% (concentration of butane in air).
		If the chemical is also toxic, the IDLH will probably be much lower than 10% of LEL. An example is benzene which has a LEL of 1.2% but the IDLH value is 500 ppm. Benzene is also a recognized carcinogen.
		Why the different units when expressing concentration values? Well primarily because volume % is used for expressing relatively high concentrations and ppm is used to express relatively low concentrations. Volume % can be thought of as expressing concentrations as parts per hundred vs. ppm expresses concentrations as parts per million.
	www.imakenews.com /aristatek/e_article000110223.cfm (353 words)

	OSU Respiratory Protection Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Where OSU cannot identify or reasonably estimate the employee exposure, OSU shall consider the atmosphere to be IDLH.
		Respirator provided only for escape from IDLH atmosphere be NIOSH-certified for escape from that atmosphere.
		Oxygen deficient atmospheres shall be considered IDLH, unless demonstrated that the oxygen concentration is 16.0-19.5% by volume.
	www.pp.okstate.edu /ehs/MANUALS/Rsprator.htm (3864 words)

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