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	IEEE floating-point standard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is the most widely-used standard for floating-point computation, and is followed by many CPU and FPU implementations.
		Many languages specify that IEEE formats and arithmetic be implemented, although sometimes it is optional.
		In other words, two positive floating-point numbers (known not to be NaNs) can be compared with an unsigned binary integer comparison using the same bits, providing the floating-point numbers use the same byte order (this ordering, therefore, cannot be used in portable code through a union in the C programming language).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IEEE_754 (1226 words)

	CS127, Prof. Alvarez, IEEE 754 Standard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		IEEE 754 is based on "normalized scientific notation" in base 2.
		IEEE 754 comes in three different levels of precision: single (32 bits), double (64 bits), and extended (80 bits).
		We conclude that the IEEE 754 representation of 10 + (1/8) is:
	www.cs.bc.edu /~alvarez/CS127/ieee754.html (354 words)

	IEEE Standard 754 Floating-Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		IEEE Standard 754 floating point is the most common representation today for real numbers on computers, including Intel-based PC's, Macintoshes, and most Unix platforms.
		IEEE floating point numbers have three basic components: the sign, the exponent, and the mantissa.
		IEEE reserves exponent field values of all 0s and all 1s to denote special values in the floating-point scheme.
	stevehollasch.com /cgindex/coding/ieeefloat.html (1366 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although IEEE 754 was not adopted until mid-1985, published drafts were available several years earlier.
		Thus, there is strong reason to have IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic properly supported in all programming languages.
		IEEE 754 provides other important features: * +Infinity and -Infinity: generated when the magnitude is too large to represent (e.g.
	www.math.utah.edu:8080 /pub/zsh/README.NONSTOP-FP (752 words)

	PEP 754 -- IEEE 754 Floating Point Special Values
		The IEEE 754 standard defines a set of binary representations and algorithmic rules for floating point arithmetic.
		Due to the many platform and library inconsistencies in handling IEEE special values, it is impossible to consistently set or detect IEEE 754 floating point values in normal Python code without resorting to directly manipulating bit-patterns.
		The reference implementation is provided in the module "fpconst" [1], which is written in pure Python by taking advantage of the "struct" standard module to directly set or test for the bit patterns that define IEEE 754 special values.
	www.python.org /peps/pep-0754.html (639 words)

	IEEE 754: Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic
		IEEE 854-1987 generalizes 754 to cover decimal arithmetic as well as binary.
		What Every Computer Scientist Should Know about Floating-Point Arithmetic, covers important aspects of floating-point arithmetic from the perspective of IEEE 754.
		W. Kahan provides a tour of some under-appreciated features of IEEE 754 and includes many examples where they clarify numerical algorithms.
	grouper.ieee.org /groups/754 (155 words)

	ipedia.com: IEEE floating-point standard Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The IEEE floating-point standard is an IEEE standard, used by many CPUs and FPUs, which defines formats for representing floating-point numbers ; representations of special values, and bit combination...
		The IEEE floating-point standard is also known as IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (ANSI/IEEE Std 754-1985) and IEC 559: "Binary floating-point arithmetic for microprocessor systems".
		Also note that the IEEE 754 standard is currently (2004) under revision.
	www.ipedia.com /ieee_floating_point_standard.html (916 words)

	Java Primitive Data Types - Reals - IEEE 754
		While knowledge of the standard may no longer be crucial for programmers due to abstraction of this detail it is placed here for completeness and as a reference in case the need arises to parse raw data and the result is not as expected.
		The IEEE 754 Standard uses 1-plus form of the binary normalized fraction (rounded).
		Interestingly, there are more distinct Java floats (IEEE 754 single precision rounded) in [-1 to +1] than in the rest of the number line, i.e.
	people.uncw.edu /tompkinsj/133/numbers/Reals.htm (875 words)

	Comp.compilers: Re: IEEE 754 vs Fortran arithmetic
		IEEE 754 vs Fortran arithmetic robertsj@admin.ogi.edu (John Roberts) (1990-10-22)
		Re: IEEE 754 vs Fortran arithmetic burley@world.std.com (1990-10-24)
		Re: IEEE 754 vs Fortran arithmetic henry@zoo.toronto.edu (1990-10-24)
	compilers.iecc.com /comparch/article/90-10-108 (469 words)

	GK's C code: air: IEEE 754 floats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		IEEE 754 is the standard that governs how modern computers represent floating point numbers.
		One aspect of IEEE 754 which people tend not to exploit is its ability to represent special values like Not-A-Number, and +/-Infinity.
		A value "exists" if it is not a 754 special value, that is, its not infinity, and not NaN.
	teem.sourceforge.net /air/754.html (1112 words)

	The IEEE standard for floating point arithmetic
		Because many of our users may have occasion to transfer unformatted or "binary" data between an IEEE machine and the Cray or the VAX/VMS, it is worth noting the details of this format for comparison with the Cray and VAX representations.
		The IEEE single precision floating point standard representation requires a 32 bit word, which may be represented as numbered from 0 to 31, left to right.
		The IEEE double precision floating point standard representation requires a 64 bit word, which may be represented as numbered from 0 to 63, left to right.
	www.psc.edu /general/software/packages/ieee/ieee.html (489 words)

	Citations: Lecture notes on the status of IEEE Standard 754 for binary floating-point arithmetic - Kahan (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Due to the ubiquity and utility of IEEE 754, all IEEE 754 specific features should now be supported by programming languages.
		There is another unofficial status report [27] subject to changes that explains the features and the current status of the IEEE 754.
		IEEE 754 Floating Point Values The finite values representable by an IEEE number can be categorized by an equation with two integer parameters k and n, along with two format dependent constants N and K
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/392677/0 (1485 words)

	COMP2300 - IEEE 754 example (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Because IEEE 754 assumes numbers to be normalised, we know that they are in the interval [1 <= n < 2] and therefore we don't have to store the leading 1.
		The IEEE 754 single-precision format allows 23 bits for the fraction.
		This is why floating-point numbers may have errors when you put them in IEEE 754 format.
	cs.anu.edu.au /Student/comp2300/relevant/IEEE754.html (197 words)

	IEEE Std 754-1985_Interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is an interpretation of IEEE Std 754-1985.
		Interpretations are issued to explain and clarify the intent of a standard and are not intended to constitute an alteration to the original standard or to supply consulting information.
		While this is apparently the convention decided on by the committee, it is mathematically incorrect and it seems as if it should have been designated as Not-a-Number, since division by zero is mathematically undefined and implies that 0*infinity=1, which is patently absurd.
	standards.ieee.org /reading/ieee/interp/754-1985.html (428 words)

	IEEE 754 floating-point test software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mike Cowlishaw and his group at IBM Hursley Laboratory in the UK have developed an implementation of IEEE 754/854 decimal arithmetic that is being used as a testbed for both the revision of the IEEE 754 standard, as well as for possible future decimal floating-point arithmetic hardware.
		Most of these have names that were recommended either by the 1985 IEEE 754 Standard, or by Cody and Waite in their book.
		The father of IEEE 754 arithmetic, W. Kahan, with co-author J. Darcy, is severely critical of Java's floating-point arithmetic in Kahan:1998:HJFa and Kahan:1998:HJFb, in the article How Java's Floating-Point Hurts Everyone Everywhere.
	www.math.utah.edu /~beebe/software/ieee (6742 words)

	Interval FAQ from Alejandro Casares -- What machines support IEEE 754?
		In particular, IEEE specifies the accuracy of binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-binary conversions.
		Compiler options can be given to choose IEEE 754 conformance, but there is then a significant run-time penalty because of the need to insert trap barrier instructions that flush the instruction pipeline, so that trapping instructions can be precisely identified, and the exception handled in software.
		The IEEE 754 standard requires correct rounding, in one of four modes (to nearest, +infinity, -infinity, and zero), yet not all vendors strictly conform.
	www.mscs.mu.edu /~georgec/IFAQ/casares1.html (1014 words)

	IEEE 754: Supplemental Readings
		The literature on floating-point arithmetic and the IEEE standards is large.
		John Hauser 's package fully implements IEEE 754.
		Jerome Coonen's RealJava proposal and the resulting discussion outline issues in adding IEEE 754 support to existing languages.
	grouper.ieee.org /groups/754/reading.html (770 words)

	IEEE 754 Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Looking For ieee 754 - Find ieee 754 and more at Lycos Search.
		Find ieee 754 - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for ieee 754 - Find ieee 754 at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	encyclopedia.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/IEEE_754 (1386 words)

	IEEE 754 tutorial: Converting to IEEE 754 Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		IEEE 754 tutorial: Converting to IEEE 754 Form
		The first step is to look at the sign of the number.
		This is why floating-point numbers have error when you put them in IEEE 754 format.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~sarita/ieee754/ie4.html (203 words)

	Bug ID: 5095600 Provide support for IEEE 754 directed roundings
		As a scientific programming environment, full support for the IEEE 754 standard should be a requirement.
		Part of this means providing support for the IEEE 754 directed roundings.
		It is extremely unlikely that Java will be run on a chip that does not support IEEE 754, as this standard has been around for nearly 20 years.
	bugs.sun.com /bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=5095600 (404 words)

	Introduction to Floating point calculations and IEEE 754 standard
		So the IEEE organization defined in the IEEE-754 standard a representation of the floating point numbers and the operations.
		Representation As in all floating point representations, the IEEE representation divides the number of bits into three groups, the exponent and the fractional part.
		The IEEE standard requires that the implementation should support the corresponding extended format.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Pines/6639/docs/fp_summary.html (1258 words)

	Comp.compilers: IEEE 754 vs Fortran arithmetic
		I know there are differences in IEEE arithmetic and Fortran-77 arithmetic.
		The IEEE arithmetic is well-defined in the IEEE Standard for binary
		I know of no reason that an IEEE implementation of F77 would be
	compilers.iecc.com /comparch/article/90-10-091 (240 words)

	Bug ID: 5095286 Support IEEE 754 sticky bit exception flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Part of this means providing support for the IEEE 754 exception flags.
		However, a method could be provided in the Double class returning a boolean indicating whether sticky bit support is available on this platform, or the accessor methods could throw an exception.
		The challenge to supporting the IEEE 754 sticky bits is not adding the methods to query and set the state, the challenge is for the rest of the system and libraries to cooperate to make the reading of the state predictable and therefore useful.
	bugs.sun.com /bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=5095286 (526 words)

	Floating Point
		The encodings shown here are for the IEEE single-precision (32-bit) format, where the term "S" indicates the sign bit, "E" the biased exponent, and "F" the fraction.
		The IEEE standard defines two classes of NaN: quiet NaNs (QNaNs) and signaling NaNs (SNaNs).
		Enter "Infinity" or "-Infinity" into the field labeled "Decimal" and press "toFloat" to see how the bits for infinite values are represented in IEEE 754.
	www.randelshofer.ch /fhw/gri/float.html (1482 words)

	Borneo Language Homepage
		Borneo is a dialect of the Java language designed to have true support for the IEEE 754 floating point standard.
		Only a proper subset of IEEE 754's required features are supported by Java; useful IEEE 754 features are either explicitly forbidden or omitted from the Java specification.
		Unlike other languages designed to support IEEE 754 features (such as Modula-3, C99, and RealJava), Borneo does not just add library functions to set and query the floating point state.
	www.sonic.net /~jddarcy/Borneo (776 words)

	IEEE 754 Machine Numbers and Machine Arithmetic
		In order to make numerical programs more portable between different machines, the IEEE 754 standard defines machine numbers and how arithmetic operations should be performed.
		Virtually all current computers comply with this standard.
		However, IEEE 754 defines the comparison operator ``=='' such that +0==-0 is true.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~petersd/ieee.html (286 words)

	IEEE Floating Point Standard from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(IEEE 754) "IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (ANSI/IEEE Std 754-1985)" or IEC 559: "Binary floating-point arithmetic for microprocessor systems".
		IEEE 754 specifies formats for representing floating-point values: single-precision (32-bit) is required, double-precision (64-bit) is optional.
		Nearby terms: IEEE 802.4 « IEEE 802.5 « IEEE Computer Society « IEEE Floating Point Standard » IEEE Standard 1149.1 » IEF » IEN
	wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk /foldoc/foldoc.cgi?IEEE+Floating+Point+Standard (133 words)

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