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	Global Monitoring Division
		The IGY was a year and a half of comprehensive global geophysical activities with 67 nations cooperating scientifically.
		The IGY was modeled on the two previous Polar Years, 1882 - 1883 and 1932 - 1933, where coordinated scientific studies were conducted to understand our planet's natural processes and cycles.
		Neither the race for the South Pole in the early 1900's nor the age of exploration in the 1930's brought the influx of humanity experienced during the IGY to the ice covered continent.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /obop/spo/igy_history.html (476 words)

	International Geophysical Year
		The International Geophysical Year or IGY was an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957 to December 1958.
		The IGY was chosen to occur during a solar maximum, to notice unusual effects of the sun on the Earth.
		The IGY encompassed eleven Earth sciences: aurora and airglow[?], cosmic rays, geomagnetism, glaciology, gravity, ionospheric physics, longitude and latitude determinations (precision mapping), meteorology, oceanography, seismology and solar activity.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ig/IGY.html (636 words)

	Hugh Odish:, Executive Director, US National Committee for IGY, "The Meaning of the International Geophysical Year," 4 ...
		Although the IGY observational program is still under way, with all the limitations that this entails in terms of assessing its results at this time, the remarkable thing is what has already been achieved--and achieved on several levels.
		Second, I hope very strongly that one of the by-products of IGY may be this: that it drive the last nail in the coffin of the juvenile, and dangerous argument over the value of basic research.
		Thus the IGY was at root an enterprise of private persons, an enterprise in the hands of doers, and the form and shape it took largely reflect this.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/sputnik/dec58.html (4154 words)

	The International Geophysical Year, 1957-1958
		The International Geophysical Year (IGY), as it was called, was modeled on the International Polar Years of 1882-1883 and 1932-1933 and was intended to allow scientists from around the world to take part in a series of coordinated observations of various geophysical phenomena.
		IGY activities literally spanned the globe from the North to the South Poles.
		IGY Antarctic research also contributed to improved meteorological prediction, advances in the theoretical analysis of glaciers, and better understanding of seismological phenomena in the Southern Hemisphere.
	www.nas.edu /history/igy (563 words)

	albawaba.com middle east news information::Island Global Yachting (IGY) partners with Nakheel to build and operate ...
		IGY is now the exclusive provider of design, development and management services for all Nakheel marina properties, including its signature developments - The Palm Islands, The World, and Dubai Waterfront, the largest waterfront development in the world.
		IGY is an affiliate of Island Capital Group LLC, a real estate oriented investment banking firm controlled by Andrew L. Farkas, the founder, and, until July 2003, the chairman and chief executive officer, of Insignia Financial Group, Inc. Mr.
		IGY and its affiliates (including companies contracted to be acquired by IGY) employ more than120 marine engineers, designers, development executives, retail leasing professionals and management professionals throughout the Eastern Caribbean, the continental United States and the UAE.
	www.menareport.com /en/business/192200 (945 words)

	International Geophysical Year - Courtesy of: The Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		IGY scientists conducted extensive studies of deep ocean currents and developed better gravity measurements for mineral exploration.
		Also connected to IGY was the International Years of the Quiet Sun, an international cooperative program during 1964 to 1965, that focused on solar-terrestrial phenomena during a quiet sun, or near sunspot minimum.
		The IGY was the largest and most important international scientific effort to that date.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/history/igy.shtml (347 words)

	ProteomeLab™ IgY -- Plasma/Serum Protein Partitioning Solutions
		As the polyclonal IgYs are avian, the Fc region of the antibody does not bind mammalian complement factors, Rheumatoid Factor, IgM, Fc receptor and Protein A or G, a known issue related to capture with mammalian antibodies.
		The ProteomeLab IgY spin column solution includes the ProteomeLab SP Sample Preparation system, validated protocols in the form of standard operating procedures and the IgY Spin Column chemistry, configured as either IgY-12, which partitions 12 highly abundant proteins from human/primate biofluids or IgY-R7 which is optimized to partition seven highly abundant proteins from rodent biofluids.
		The IgY LC2 column format is a moderate capacity chemistry utilizing IgY microbeads packed into a 2 ml column bed with liquid chromatography used as the force for affinity separation.
	www.beckman.com /products/instrument/protein/proteomelab_igy_dcr.asp (1538 words)

	Promega - FAQs
		To purify total IgY from eggs, the egg whites are first separated from the egg yolk using a separator which is a component of the system.
		Egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) are the 180kDa homologs of the mammalian IgG antibody class.
		Cat.#G1191) IgY does not bind to staphylococcal protein A or streptococcal protein G. The Immobilized Anti-Chicken IgY is an affinity purified agarose conjugate designed to immunoprecipitate IgY bound proteins (1,2).
	www.promega.com /faq/eggfaq.html (930 words)

	The International Geophysical Year
		Washington, D.C. That Sydney Chapman was President of the Special Committee for the IGY (CSAGI) in itself suggests a good deal about his contribution to that unprecedented enterprise.
		To say that I can summarize these aspects of Chapman's IGY activities is somewhat absurd: I can only record a few things from my own point of view as one of many who watched him at work over the years.
		So Chapman had deep roots in these two antecedents of the IGY, suggesting his sensitivity to history and his awareness of the value of synoptic data, but also attesting to his unflagging personal involvement in research.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /chapman/igy.html (537 words)

	International Geophysical Year - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The IGY was designated as a major international effort of the world's scientists to gather and share data on the Earth's natural phenomena.
		The IGY was the first worldwide scientific effort to involve Antarctica, owing to rapid advances in logistics and technology that enabled these activities to be undertaken on the southern continent.
		The IGY activities in Antarctica contributed significantly to knowledge of the physical character of the earth and its weather, the ionosphere, and outer space.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/science/igy_research.shtml (561 words)

	Custom Chicken Antibodies IgY - Gallus Immunotech
		Chicken antibodies (immunoglobulin Y; IgY) to the alpha Gal epitope (galactose alpha-1,3-galactose) bind to alpha Gal antigens of mouse and porcine tissues and endothelial cells in vitro and block human anti-alpha Gal antibody binding, complement activation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated lysis mechanisms.
		The binding of AP-IgY antibodies to the endothelium of WT mouse tissues was essentially identical to the pattern of binding of the GSI-B4 lectin after injection of WT mice and death at 1 hr.
		These results show that IgY binds to alpha Gal epitopes in the WT mice and is cleared sometime over a 24-hr time period and that IgY is an expected immunogen in mice eliciting a rather typical anti-IgY IgM and IgG response.
	www.gallusimmunotech.com /papers/paper227.htm (404 words)

	(Assay Development) Duck antibodies for IVD applications (IVDT archive, Apr 02)
		IgY is the functional equivalent and evolutionary ancestor of mammalian immunoglobulin G (IgG) and is found in some birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
		IgY derived from chicken egg yolk also offers the advantage of not cross-reacting with mammalian antibodies, hence eliminating interferences in immunoassays.
		Despite their potential, IgY antibodies are not extensively used in industry because of the difficulties involved in isolating them from chicken egg yolk.
	www.devicelink.com /ivdt/archive/02/04/003.html (1669 words)

	Antarctic History
		The IGY had been conceived in 1950 as a continuation of the spirit and work of the International Polar Years of 1882- 1883 and 1932-1933.
		The IGY, scheduled for 1957-1958, would focus on the Antarctic, and most of the major nations on Earth were expected to participate.
		There is a big difference, though, between the IGY and the present, and that difference is in the number of nations represented.
	www.antarcticaonline.com /antarctica/history/history.htm (14180 words)

	AgriSera Homepage
		The authors showed experimental data proving that IgY molecule is different from IgG ("Phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function" G. Leslie and L.W. Clem, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol.
		IgY can perform, as IgG, bi or monovalent, depending upon the size of the antigen.
		IgY antibodies are selectively, in large amounts passed to egg yolk and therefore NO IgM and IgA impurities can be found in IgY preparations (Schade et al.
	www.agrisera.se /IgY/IgY.shtml (713 words)

	International GeoPhysical Year (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The International Geophysical Year (IGY), as it was called, was timed to coincide with the high point of the eleven-year cycle of sunspot activity.
		It was from the IGY rocket and satellite research that the US developed its space program -- with the advice of the NAS Space Science Board.
		The historical records of the IGY can be found in the Archives of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council; e-mail archives@nas.edu for further information.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/sputnik/igy.html (219 words)

	YolkY Chicken Egg Yolk IgY antibody purification kit,
		IgY simply indicates that the antibody has bee derived from the egg yolk.
		IgY, mol wt ~180 kDa, runs as a broad band because of the presence of substantial amount of carbohydrates (approx.
		IgY can be isolated from egg yolk by using stepwise ammonium sulfate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation.
	www.4adi.com /kits/animals/60100.html (1436 words)

	Rabbit Anti-chicken IgY, Biotin conjugate antibody
		Rabbits were immunized with affinity-purified chicken total IgY isolated from normal chicken yolk.
		The resulting anti-IgY antibody was immunoaffinity purified off a chicken IgY immunoabsorbant column and conjugated with Biotin.
		In a sandwich ELISA against 1 µg / ml chicken IgY, conjugated antibody diluted to 0.1µg / ml produced an O.D. = 1.0 in a 15 minute reaction with TMB substrate.
	www.prosci-inc.com /Antibody-XW-TDS/Sec-Reagents/XW-9104.html (92 words)

	IHY - What was IGY?
		The International Geophysical Year (IGY) was held over the course of year from July 1957 until December of 1958.
		With scientists in 67 countries involved, IGY activities literally spanned the globe from North to South and East to West.
		But the most dramatic of the new technologies available to the IGY was the rocket making space exploration a real possibility.
	ihy2007.org /igy.shtml (197 words)

	Chicken egg yolk antibodies, production and application. IgY technology British Journal of Biomedical Science - Find ...
		Isolation of IgY from egg yolk is covered in chapter 4 and is extremely practical and easy to use.
		In all, seven methods of separating the egg proteins are given, and are followed by three methods of further purification of the IgY fraction.
		The final two chapters focus on the pros and cons of IgY versus mammalian antibodies, and the future prospects for use of chicken egg antibodies.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3874/is_200201/ai_n9027717 (612 words)

	General applicability of chicken egg yolk antibodies: the performance of IgY immunoglobulins raised against the ...
		IgY titers in the yolk from immunized hens (5, 9, 10).
		IgY antibody was eluted using an acidic buffer (pH 2.2).
		Polson, A. (1990) Isolation of IgY from the yolks of eggs by a chloroform polyethylene glycol procedure.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/13/1/81 (5322 words)

	Egg Yolk IgY Purification kit
		Furthermore, the quantity of IgY in one egg yolk is appreciable (easily 50-100 mg) and the hen can lay one egg per day.
		The IgY (MW: 180,000 daltons) is different from mammalian IgG (MW: 150,000 daltons) as well as their Fc.
		IgY is more stable: 6-12 months at 4°C without significant loss of antibody activity.
	www.affiland.com /affinity/eggyolk.htm (567 words)

	IGY and the beginning
		IGY planning originated in the international scientific community, based on two previous "polar years" in 1882-83 and 1932-33.
		The USSR delegation, which had arrived late, announced their intentions to build a station at Pole, and immediately the French conference chairman announced that the committee members "have accepted the offer of the United States to erect and man a South Pole Station." Remember that this was during the height of the cold war.
		Since IGY (International Geophysical Year) actually lasted 18 months beginning on 1 July 1957, The IGY stations needed to be completed and occupied by the end of the 1956-57 summer.
	www.southpolestation.com /trivia/igy/intro.html (1983 words)

	What was IGY?
		Their energies will be devoted to GEOPHYSICS - a field of study which includes all sciences concerned with the earth: It interior, crust, land masses, oceans and the surrounding gaseous envelope of the atmosphere.
		The period July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958 was chosen for the IGY largely because it is
		In the United States the geophysical program is being conducted by the U.S. National Committee for the IGY, a part of the National Academy of Sciences, with the support of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Defense.
	www.n4mw.com /igydef.htm (227 words)

	Inst för medicinska vetenskaper
		IgY Technology covers all aspects of the use of IgY, the major immunoglobulin (antibody) produced by birds.
		IgY is also preferred as an alternative to reduce the use of experimental animals, and is recommended by ECVAM.
		IgY could be used to prevent microbial infections, and has the advantage that antibiotic resistant microorganisms will not develop.
	www.medsci.uu.se /klinkem/igy/index.htm (230 words)

	IGY Photo Gallery - Seismology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The instrument is a 45-channel seismic recorder, used to determine ice thickness by measuring the time taken by sound waves traveling from a surface explosion to the underlying strata.
		Seismic explosion on the Byrd IGY Station oversnow traverse.
		The explosion was made to determine the thickness of the ice.
	www.nationalacademies.org /history/igy/seismology.html (184 words)

	Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		IGY was sponsored by the International Council of Scientific Unions and involved nearly 30,000 scientists.
		In a radio and television address on June 30, 1957, President Eisenhower expressed his belief that “the most important result of the International Geophysical Year is that demonstration of the ability of peoples of all nations to work together harmoniously for the common good.
		IGY: Year of Discovery, The Story of the International Geophysical Year by Sydney Chapman, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1959.
	www.eisenhower.archives.gov /Dl/IGY/IGYdocuments.html (1392 words)

	A year of science -- UCAR Quarterly -- Spring 2005
		In 1957, the IGY pulled together scientists from 67 nations, including ones behind the Iron Curtain at the time, for landmark studies of the Earth system.
		As part of the IGY, Charles Keeling (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) began his famed monitoring of atmospheric carbon dioxide from Hawaii’s Mauna Loa.
		Unlike the 1957 IGY, which was scheduled in part to take advantage of a solar maximum, the 2007 IHY will unfold during a solar minimum.
	www.ucar.edu /communications/quarterly/spring05/bigyear.html (1313 words)

	Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
		A solar observatory in Hawai`i was crucial to the work of the IGY but there was neither time nor funds to develop one on Haleakala.
		The IGY elicited a great deal of public interest which, to a large extent, was due to the planned launching for the first time in human history of an artificial Earth satellite.
		The planners of the IGY were very concerned about their ability to locate and track the satellite once it was launched.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /users/steiger/igy_period.htm (1341 words)

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