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Topic: IPKF

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Peacekeeping

	WWW Virtual Library Sri Lanka : Kaffirs in Sri Lanka - Descendants of enslaved Africans
		After consolidating in Jaffna, the IPKF was to spread out and hunt for the LTTE cadres who had escaped the dragnet as also those who were already deployed in the rest of the North Eastern Province (NEP).
		Once Premadasa formally issued the ultimatum for the IPKF to leave Sri Lanka in June 1989, it became clear that his eviction strategy sponsored by the LTTE was irrevocable.
		The IPKF was deinducted from Sri Lanka, leaving friendly Tamil groups at the mercy of the LTTE.
	www.lankalibrary.com /pol/india2.htm (3249 words)

	Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 35: Accord turns to discord
		The IPKF was unable to do anything regarding the ongoing killings and the press in the south was becoming very critical of the Indian forces in their handling of the peace and the surrender of arms.
		When the IPKF decided to launch its campaign against the LTTE in Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M G Ramachandran was in a hospital in Baltimore, in the United States, undergoing treatment.
		This was the comment from the Overall Force Commander of the IPKF who in his endeavor to terminate the LTTE created a situation by which the Sri Lankan Tamils filled their hearts from affection and friendship to hatred and despise of the Indian Army.
	www.atimes.com /ind-pak/DD13Df02.html (10932 words)

	Indian Peace Keeping Force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Premadasa was elected President on 2nd January 1989 and he on April 1989 demanded the IPKF withdraw within 3 months from Sri Lanka.In the 1989 elections both Premadasa and the SLFP wanted the IPKF to withdraw and they got 95% of the vote and Sinhala public opinion was against the accord.
		IPKF's arrival in India was boycotted by the Tamil Nadu government headed by Karunanidhi.
		One of the main reson for the failure of the objectices of the IPKF was the political instability in India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IPKF (1350 words)

	IPKF - Innocent People Killing Force
		But tears flowed down the cheeks of his wife for the entire 45 minutes we spent with them in March 1988, five months after the joy of their life was snuffed out by the Indian army.
		A Major of the IPKF who is said to have returned to India from Jaffna on a month’s holiday is alleged to have been apprehended at Chandigarh airport with having carried jewellery believed to be contraband.
		Unfortunately, the crimes of the IPKF are time barred; the Court considers only cases after it was set up in July 2002.
	www.tamilnation.org /intframe/india/warcrimes/040321somasekeram.htm (2968 words)

	The IPKF Performance
		In fact it was possible to monitor the position of IPKF patrols from LTTE intercepts.
		The IPKF patrols failed to use this to lure enemy ambushes into traps.
		Add to this the IPKF equipment at the unit level was poorer than the LTTEs.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1987/IPKF-Perf.html (2033 words)

	Of forgotten fighters
		Yes and no. The IPKF operations as well as the operations in the Kargil sector are infantry-predominant operations.
		There should be a memorial to commemorate the memory of the soldiers who left the shores of India to fulfil the country's solemn commitment to a friendly neighbour and for which they gave their lives and never returned to their motherland.
		I would be failing in my duty to the families of the valiant dead of the IPKF, which I had the privilege to command, if I were not to speak on their behalf.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1615/16150340.htm (1426 words)

	Welcome to UTHRJ; Report 3, Chapter 3
		The visible presence of the LTTE increased as that of the IPKF declined.
		After two years on the job, the IPKF appeared to lack the flexibility to adopt a response that was human and sensible except in relatively isolated instances.
		The question of whether the IPKF was first provoked or not is of little importance, because it is always happening and that is the nature of the conflict.
	www.uthr.org /Reports/Report3/chapter3.htm (10901 words)

	Sri Lanka Truth
		That was that after the IPKF was out of the country he would turn the refreshed and renewed Sri Lankan forces on the weak LTTE, rout them completely, eliminate Prabhakaran and reestablish law and order, good governance, peace and prosperity over the North East and the whole of Sri Lanka.
		Premadasa's peremptory demand that India withdraw the IPKF completely in 3 months, which he made at a temple function on the outskirts of Colombo in April, 1989, was seen as a positive step by the LTTE.
		President Premadasa was absolutely convinced that the IPKF was there to stay for ever, or at least until the Accord, particularly in as far as it applied to the devolution of power and the establishment of the EPRLF as the dominant popover in the North-East Province, was a reality.
	www.srilankatruth.com /PeaceTalks/LTTE-SLGTalks.php (4130 words)

	WWW Virtual Library Sri Lanka : IPKF in Sri Lanka - India's Vietnam
		The IPKF had successfully eliminated the middle order leadership of the LTTE and broken their stronghold over the Jaffna peninsula.
		This, in spite of the fact that the IPKF was fighting a very cunning opponent, who had the full support of the local population and who was operating in a terrain very well known to him.
		The IPKF, on its part, had to fight in an alien country, alien terrain, face a hostile population and deal with an unfavourable foreign government, who never wanted it in their country in the first place.
	www.lankalibrary.com /pol/india3.htm (9980 words)

	The Rediff On The NeT Special: Colonel John Taylor (retd) reveals how the IPKF mission was let down by the political ...
		When the IPKF came there was a series of ceremonial meetings with representatives of the Sri Lankan government, its army's top brass, the LTTE cadres, the Tamil people.
		The IPKF commanders were the collector, the superintendent of police, the station master, driver, guard and even cashiers in the bank.
		The IPKF operations were not military in nature -- it was a politically guided and intelligence-oriented operation in which the army commander had little or no say.
	www.rediff.com /news/dec/17lanka1.htm (1163 words)

	[No title]
		When the IPKF arrived, the Sri Lankan armed forces were confined to barracks.
		We were brought in front of the man with a fl mask and the IPKF man asked the informant whether we were LTTE members.
		I was detained by the IPKF until its departure.
	vls.law.vill.edu /locator/3d/Oct1998/98a1979p.txt (6686 words)

	Indian Peace Keepin' Force 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Alongside military operations against the terrorists, the IPKF launched reconstruction programmes to rehabilitate the Tamil areas where large scale destruction had taken place due to military operations carried out by the Sri Lankan Armed Forces up to July 1987, and subsequently by the destructive acts of the LTTE.
		Major achievements of the IPKF were the conduct of provincial elections, the presidential elections and the parliamentary elections in the North-Eastern Province despite opposition from the militants and other agencies.
		The IPKF by their devoted performance and high professionalism, had, in a short span of time between October 1987 to March 1990, transformed the prevailing situation in the Northeast province of Sri Lanka.
	www.indiapicks.com /stamps/Forces/1407_IPKF.htm (270 words)

	[No title]
		On 29 July 1987 India and Sri Lanka signed an accord whereby an Indian Peace-keeping Force (IPKF) would be sent to Sri Lanka to engineer the disarming of Tamil guerrillas in the northern province of the country and oversee a ceasefire.
		In March 1989 the IPKF launched Operation `Bazz' (`Falcon'), a clearing drive in the east involving mountain troops and paratroopers.
		Because tensions were heating up along the Pakistani border in Kashmir, the IPKF framework was converted into the new 21 Corps and deployed to Kashmir in early 1990.
	www.pakdef.info /pids/pids2/research/ipkf.html (1209 words)

	[No title]
		When the IPKF arrive}{\rtlch \af6 \ltrch \f0 d, the Sri Lankan armed forces were confined to barracks.
		We [7] were brought in front of the man with a fl mask and the IPKF** man asked the informant whether we were LTTE members.
		He testified that his house had been "demolished" by the Sri Lankan military, that from 1988 to 1990 he was detained by the IPKF, denied proper food and forced to }{\rtlch \af6 \ltrch \f0 w}{\rtlch \af6 \ltrch \f0 ear the same clothing.
	www.biu.ac.il /hu/tr/cisd/senathirajah_v_ins_full.rtf (7770 words)

	news03
		He described Sri Lanka’s decision to erect the IPKF memorial as a gesture to honour those Indian soldiers who lost their lives in action in the troubled island’s northern and eastern provinces during 1987-90.
		IPKF’s objecive was noble: Gandhi sent the IPKF to disarm the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and other separatist Tamil rebel groups in the North-East.
		One IPKF veteran recalled: "Not only were we forced to fight the LTTE with one hand tied behind our backs, but we were also prevented from finishing our task." And Rajiv Gandhi had to pay with his life for trying to help Sri Lanka.
	www.island.lk /2004/03/17/news03.htm (602 words)

	India - Peacekeeping Operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Despite the considerable experience that Indian troops had gained in fighting insurgencies in India's northeast, the IPKF was at a marked disadvantage in Sri Lanka.
		Despite the growth of the IPKF to 70,000 strong, the predominantly urban context of northern Sri Lanka imposed constraints on the use of force.
		Given the inability of the IPKF to prevent either Sinhalese or Tamil extremist actions, it steadily lost the support of both sides in the conflict.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-6150.html (641 words)

	JAIN COMMISSION REPORT VOL VIII CHAPTER II PARA 19.2
		Premadasa was also favouring the withdrawal of the IPKF which may take about six months and he may also consider the dissolution of the North Eastern Provincial Council in view of the fact that there was no contest in the North.
		While referring to the signature campaign launched by the EPRLF and the ENDLF against the IPKF withdrawal, the LTTE alleged that this was being done at gun point and urged the Tamils to stand by the LTTE at this "critical juncture".
		The 'superior' officer came at the scene in a jeep at the end of the delivery of the arms and told him that three weeks later another consignment of arms and ammunition was to be given to the LTTE members.
	www.india-today.com /jain/vol8/chap35.html (2324 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum
		You are aware of the ongoing conflict between the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) and the LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) in the northern parts of Sri Lanka.
		Even some senior army officers told me that they are not able to boost the morale of the ranks, as they themselves do not know why the IPKF is there and why the Indian armed forces should fight a war against people of Indian origin and kill them and get killed by them.
		So, my recommendation is we withdraw the IPKF forthwith, leaving the matter to be sorted out between the Sri Lankan Tamils and the Sri Lankan govenment.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2004/20040425/spectrum/main1.htm (1756 words)

	IPKF Withdrawal Joint Communique
		During the visit of the delegation of the question of cessation of all offensive military operation by the IPKF and the safety and security of all communities in North Eastern Province of Sri Lanka will also be discussed.
		The discussions centered around the regular and expeditious withdrawal of the IPKF, the cessation of offensive military operations by them and the security situation in the Northern and Eastern Provinces and other relevant issues.
		They covered bilateral issues, including the de-induction of the remaining IPKF contingents in Sri Lanka, the implementation of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement, and measures to ensure the safety and security of all communities of the North-Eastern Province of Sri Lanka.
	www.tamilnation.org /intframe/india/89ipkfwidthdrawal.htm (856 words)

	JAIN COMMISSION REPORT VOL VIII CHAPTER II PARA 21.2
		On the induction of the IPKF in Sri Lanka, Shri V.P. Singh deposed "I was not in the Government at the time of induction of the IPKF in Sri Lanka.
		Irrespective of the consequence on the island, IPKF had to be withdrawan in view of the stand taken by the Sri Lankan Government headed by Mr.
		As a result of de- induction of the IPKF, the fears and apprehensions came out to be true and the areas which stood evacuated from the holds of the LTTE again fell back into its hands.
	www.india-today.com /jain/vol8/chap39.html (2547 words)

	Varadaraja Perumal: Traitor
		The IPKF had made sure that no one else contested by body searching persons coming to the District Secretariat to see if they carried money for nominations.
		The elections were “literally stage-managed by the IPKF.” At one polling booth and IPKF major ordered some five hundred ballots that had not been used, to be cast in favour of the EROS.
		With IPKF assistance and RAW training, young Tamil boys and girls were abducted off the streets and forcibly drafted to this "police" force.
	members.tripod.com /~Sandaruwan/vardaraja.htm (1630 words)

	Bharat Rakshak Forum :: View topic - Profiles in Heroism: Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The IPKF has a large camp at the BMC and a small post in the corner of the hospital premises, at the T-junction referred to.
		The surrounding IPKF camps are said to have been uncertain as to what was going on for some time, because the LTTE had been using Indian weapons, When soldiers from the BMC camp arrived, the LTTE had left with the captured weapons, reportedly by boat from Thalvupadu.
		The subsequent conduct of the IPKF is worthy of praise and took the townsfolk by surprise, given the general reputation of the IPKF.
	forums.bharat-rakshak.com /viewtopic.php?p=290056 (1470 words)

	Asia Times: India/Pakistan
		Further, it was estimated that the IPKF killed more than 5,000 Tamil civilians, some accidentally, but often deliberately and mostly as reprisals, during their stay in the North and East of Sri Lanka.
		When they left, the IPKF claimed that they had released nearly 472 LTTE cadres captured and held in their custody, but they failed to reveal the details of those who died in their captivity.
		He also explained to Shri P Upendra the alleged atrocities committed by the IPKF on the LTTE and innocent Tamils, particularly at Velvettithurai during the IPKF operations on August 2-4, 1989 and justified his absence from participating in the reception to the IPKF at Madras.
	www.atimes.com /ind-pak/DF08Df01.html (10304 words)

	LTTE Encyclopedia Article @ Saluted.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As the only group to have held itself aloof from this process, the LTTE was able to portray this development as a vindication of their stance.
		The IPKF's intervention was also unpopular amongst Sinhalese Buddhists, and the last IPKF members left the country Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission upon request of the Sri Lankan government.
		In a series of military operations in 1995 and 1996, the army re-captured the Jaffna peninsula and the town of from the LTTE leaving the LTTE resources crippled and manpower depleted.
	www.saluted.net /encyclopedia/LTTE (5321 words)

	LankaWeb News
		According to the memoirs of Bradman Weerakoon, an important part of Premadasa's hairy-brained strategy was to force out the IPKF, and to strengthen the LTTE fighting forces so that they would firstly survive, and secondly, be able to cause maximum damage to the IPKF.
		Premadasa's foolish actions were based on the belief that the IPKF was there to stay for ever, with the hidden objective of establishing the (LTTE rival) EPRLF as Indian proxy in the North-East.
		Premadasa's formal ultimatum for the IPKF to leave Sri Lanka issued in June 1989, was co-sponsored by the LTTE!
	www.lankaweb.com /news/items06/140906-4.html (1048 words)

	The Hindu : 'IPKF should have stayed in Sri Lanka for some more time'
		But now, they feel that the presence of IPKF would have hastened the peace process.
		Many of the Sri Lankan journalists agreed that whenever the Army is in control (in certain areas), some ``atrocities'' on the civilians occurred.
		However, when the issue of ethnic strife in Sri Lanka came up for discussion, many of them did not agree that - barring the northern Jaffna peninsula - their country was facing a war-like situation.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/2000/09/22/stories/0222000k.htm (530 words)

	Rajiv Gandhi's War Crimes
		"The IPKF were given strict instructions not to use tactics or weapons that could cause major casualties among the civilian population of Jaffna, who were hostages to the LTTE.
		These actions by the IPKF were seen as unwarranted and they led to the LTTE taking up arms again...
		The majority of the 'disappearances for which the IPKF were reportedly responsible occurred in the Jaffna District in October and November 1987, the period of the main IPKF offensive on Jaffna town"
	www.tamilnation.org /intframe/india/warcrimes (3385 words)

	The Public Affairs Magazine- Newsinsight.net
		The IPKF fiasco and its fallouts were discussed in an earlier commentary (“Cool off,” 23 May 2005), but that concerned political and to an extent military leadership.
		Things did not stabilise with the IPKF until Lieutenant-General A.S.Kalkat came on the scene, and this would be of interest to those who knew those times, and follow such things.
		The IPKF failed in its mission, had to be pulled out before its time, and the created monster of the LTTE, an Indian Army-trained, intelligence-guided terrorist force, ultimately assassinated a former PM, Rajiv Gandhi.
	www.indiareacts.com /archivedebates/nat2.asp?recno=1149 (1091 words)

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