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Topic: Iron ore

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Iron

Taconite

Steel

Hamersley Iron

Ore

Hematite

Iron Age

Pig iron

Haematite

	BHP Billiton > Iron Ore
		BHP Billiton Iron Ore has access to dedicated deepwater ports allowing the use of large cape-size vessels to further build on regional logistic advantages.
		A key strength of Iron Ore is the ability to provide superior levels of customer support through an established knowledge of steel-making requirements.
		Iron Ore also has a demonstrated history of product innovation, with a strategic position to enable the introduction of new, high-value-in-use products to continue to meet the increasingly competitive cost and quality needs of customers.
	www.bhpbilliton.com /bb/ourBusinesses/ironOre.jsp (204 words)

	Iron ore
		The iron itself is usually found in the form of magnetite[?] (Fe) or hematite (Fe), both of which are iron oxides.
		However, as much of the pure magnetite and hematite ore has already been mined, modern iron mines rely on aggregate minerals such as taconite[?], which must be processed to remove non-iron-bearing components prior to smelting.
		Iron ore is common worldwide, but commercial mining operations are dominated by seven countries: Australia, Brazil, China, India, Russia, the USA, and the Ukraine.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ir/Iron_ore.html (120 words)

	ironsmelt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		IRON SMELTING An understanding of the smelting process and the technological details of the Oswego iron smelting operations, should allow the reader to identify features of the smelters and to recognize the operational concerns of the iron smelting process appearing in the literature.
		The chemical process reduces iron oxide to pure iron by heating the ore to a liguid state and having the oxide bond to the carbon of the charcoal fuel in various formations of carbon mono- and di- oxides.
		The iron is brought to the surface as a carbonate and carried on the water to stagnant pools and marshes.
	www.europa.com /~heritage/ironsmelt.html (2605 words)

	Iron Ore,Iron Ore Information,Iron Ore Suppliers,Iron Ore Exporters
		Iron ore was discovered on the Marquette Range on September 19, 1844 by William A. Burt, United States Deputy Surveyor, and party who were surveying in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
		The principle ores of iron are Hematite, (70% iron) and Magnetite, (72% iron).
		Iron ore is the raw material used to make pig iron, which is one of the main raw materials to make steel.
	www.mineralszone.com /minerals/iron-ore.html (1334 words)

	Ohio State Parks Magazine - Ohio's Iron Age (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The iron ore was first discovered in 1826, and by 1849, twenty-two blast furnaces were operating in the area, producing 56,000 tons of iron annually.
		As the ore and limestone mixture was heated and began to melt, the heavy pure iron dropped to the bottom and the lighter impurities floated to the top.
		The melted iron flowed through openings at the base of the furnace into beds of sand where the hot liquid iron was molded into blocks called "pigs." This "pig iron" was loaded onto railroad cars for shipment to iron foundries in Cincinnati and Cleveland, to the east coast, and even to Europe.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /parks/explore/magazine/sprsum98/ironage.htm (1756 words)

	Iron Making - Environmental Defense
		Iron making involves the combination of iron ore, iron scrap, and coke in a blast furnace, where the temperature is high enough to melt the iron-rich inputs (>3500
		As the iron ore charge melts and the coke combusts, the oxygen in the iron ore and the carbon from the coke combine to form carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide gas.
		There is great potential to recycle the iron oxide waste in dust and wastewater sludge into the iron making process itself, reducing the need to mine additional iron ore. In addition, blast furnaces should be designed to recover their waste heat.
	www.environmentaldefense.org /article.cfm?contentid=4252 (704 words)

	Iron ore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from dark grey to rusty red.
		Pure elemental iron is virtually unknown on the surface of the Earth except as wüstite from meteorites and very rare forms of deep mantle xenoliths.
		Thus, the iron ore must be powdered and mixed with coke, to be burnt in the smelting process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iron_ore (1172 words)

	Iron
		Also, substantial quantities of iron are consumed as paint pigments, in cement, in refractory materials as a fluxing agent used in smelting nonferrous metals, and as a constituent of some catalysts.
		Magnetic iron ore, magnetite, is used as shielding materials in nuclear power plants, heavy aggregate in concrete, and as a heavy-mineral medium in some metal refining mills.
		In 1969, the U.S. Bureau of Mines calculated iron ore reserves in Arkansas to be 120 million long tons with an average grade of 30 percent iron.
	www.state.ar.us /agc/iron.htm (683 words)

	Iron Ore Suppliers,Iron Ore Fines,Iron Ore Fines Supplier,India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Iron is extracted from the ore hematite, which is mainly Fe The iron is separated from the ore by reduction with carbon - a more reactive element.
		Iron ore is a mineral substance which, when heated in the presence of a reductant, will yield metallic iron (Fe).
		It almost always consists of iron oxides, the primary forms of which are magnetite (Fe and hematite (Fe Iron ore is the source of primary iron for the world's iron and steel industries.
	www.lovson.com /iron-ore.html (392 words)

	Iron IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Natural ore bodies varied considerably in composition from place to place, and these differences had to be dealt with in the smelting (i.e., in the steel mill) by adding various ingredients to remove the undesired constituents.
		Michigan iron ore mining declined in the 1920s and 1930s, but its reactivation with the development of new processes in the 1950s and Escanaba’s proximity to Chicago’s steel industry have kept iron ore exportation an integral part of the city’s economy.
		Bog iron ore (red ocher) was once mixed with water and used as a cheap paint for the old red barns and the vanished little old red schoolhouse.
	www.geo.msu.edu /geo333/iron_iii.html (3909 words)

	Iron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iron (along with nickel) are notable for being the final elements produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, and thus the heaviest elements which do not require a supernova or similarly cataclysmic event for formation.
		A class of non-heme iron proteins is responsible for a wide range of functions within several life forms, such as enzymes methane monooxygenase (oxidizes methane to methanol), ribonucleotide reductase (reduces ribose to deoxyribose; DNA biosynthesis), hemerythrins (oxygen transport and fixation in marine invertebrates) and purple acid phosphatase (hydrolysis of phosphate esters).
		Iron distribution is heavily regulated in mammals, both as a defense against bacterial infection and because of the potential biological toxicity of iron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iron (3514 words)

	Industryplayer - Business Game - License Info Iron Ore (METAL)
		Iron was long ago categorized as a base metal, as opposed to the noble metals like gold and silver, but in fact its fundamental role makes it a "base metal" in quite the other sense.
		Iron ore is the source of primary iron for the world's iron and steel industries.
		But you can relive the days of iron mines and their iron men as you visit historical sites where old techniques and blast furnaces and ironworks from the 19th century are preserved.
	www.industryplayer.com /licenceinfo.php?licid=000008 (331 words)

	USGS Minerals Infromation: Statistical Compendium - IRON ORE
		The principal ore minerals of iron are hematite, magnetite, siderite, and goethite.
		The natural ores, which consisted primarily of hematite and goethite, were extracted from near-surface zones of enrichment in the Precambrian banded iron ore formations of Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
		The ores came from areas where part of the silica had been leached from the underlying low-grade taconite by weathering or movement of ground water.
	minerals.er.usgs.gov /minerals/pubs/commodity/iron_ore/stat (1134 words)

	The Iron Ore Market (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The iron ore industry is experiencing a once in a life time boom period.
		The iron ore companies are making record profits and the driving forces for structural changes are mounting after two relatively peaceful years in 2003 and 2004.
		One is forced to conclude that iron ore producers are convinced that the boom will continue and that there will be room for significant additional capacity.
	r0.unctad.org /infocomm/Iron/covmar05.htm (959 words)

	Iron Ore
		Astrophysical and seismic evidence indicate that iron is even more abundant in the interior of the Earth and has apparently combined with nickel to make up the bulk of the planet's core.
		Iron ore is one of the three naturally magnetic elements; the others are cobalt and nickel.
		The principle ores of iron are Hematite, (70% iron) and Magnetite, (72 % iron).
	www.seabgems.com /iron_ore.htm (1195 words)

	Historic Iron Furnances in Southeastern Ohio
		The name pig iron is meaningless to non-farm people, as it is a figment of the imagination of the blast furnace workers--all of whom were very familiar with the keeping of pigs.
		Iron is very seldom found in a natural state because of oxidation and its reduction from ores was unknown.
		With the abandonment of the iron furnaces in the HRIR came the salvage of the furance machinery and railroad tracks, and the rapid conversion to farm and/or woodland economy.
	www.oldeforester.com /ironintr.htm (1552 words)

	Berkshire Taconic :: Human history :: The Colonial Iron Ore Industry
		The four ingredients that are essential for iron production were plentiful in the Berkshire Taconic Landscape, so the region became a center of the colonial iron industry during the 19th century.
		Iron ore is the first ingredient needed for making iron and this region was particularly rich in hematite.
		Workers excavated iron ore in chunks from both open pits, such as Ore Hill in Salisbury, Connecticut and shaft mines, such as the Klondike in Richmond.
	www.lastgreatplaces.org /berkshire/history/art6162.html (586 words)

	The Iron Ore Market (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spot iron ore freight rates shot up and earlier unheard of levels were recorded in early 2004.
		However, iron ore producers are used to manage supply and to time capacity additions so as to match demand increases.
		This would seem to point to a situation with continued strong demand for iron ore and a finely balanced world market over at least the next two years and possibly longer, depending on both developments in the world economy and the speed with which new capacity can be brought into production.
	r0.unctad.org /infocomm/Iron/covmar04.htm (588 words)

	Iron ore and direct reduced iron
		Iron ore is negotiated on the iron content where 1 per cent of iron ore is one unit.
		For Rio Tinto's Hamersley Iron, which is under pressure to begin secondary processing of iron ore, HIsmelt would enable the use of lower grade (cheaper) ores to around 62 per cent iron and higher levels of phosphorous and alumina.
		Iron ore is primarily found as the oxides or iron, notably haematite and magnetite and hydroxides as goethite and limonite.
	www.chemlink.com.au /iron.htm (3260 words)

	History of the Iron Ore Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The iron ore trade had an influence upon the depth of the channels and gradual evolution in the type of steamer construction, through the development of loading and unloading appliances.
		Iron ore shipments to be moved by these early freighter was spouted on the dock and then wheeled aboard in barrows through the gangways.
		A ton of iron ore is moved a thousand miles on the Great Lakes for seven-tenths of a mill per mile; a ton of iron ore is carried from Duluth, Minnesota to Buffalo, New York at a rate but little in excess of the ordinary railroad switching charge in any of the large cities.
	web.ulib.csuohio.edu /SpecColl/glihc/articles/carrhist.html (5708 words)

	Union Iron Furnace
		The ore beds noted on the map are likely in the same location as their remains show in 1997.
		Ore beds along the road east of New Cadiz (today’s Union Furnace) on the north side of Section 17 mark where iron ore was found and “raised” for hauling to the furnace.
		Bear in mind that the truly immense iron ore deposits of the Mesabi Range were not discovered until mid-century and their impact didn’t develop until the last half of the century.
	www.oldeforester.com /union.htm (501 words)

	IRON ORE PROCESSING
		The downside is that a relatively high grade of iron ore is required as the process retains the impurities and even some unconverted iron oxide.
		For fine ore using DRI producers, the lower price of fines containing the same amount of iron represents an important potential raw material advantage for any iron ore producer capable of using those fines (of course if not incurring the cost for its pelletisation).
		Proposal entails mining the Mt Gibson iron ore deposit which is 280 km to the south east of Geraldton which has proven reserves of 260 million tonnes of magnetite which would be adequate for a 50 year project life.
	www.chemlink.com.au /dri.htm (4318 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Iron & Steel Work"
		Iron ore is simply rock that happens to contain a high concentration of iron.
		One thing that gave certain countries an edge between the 15th and 20th centuries was the availability of iron ore deposits.
		For example, England, the United States, France, Germany, Spain and Russia all have good iron ore deposits.
	science.howstuffworks.com /iron2.htm (161 words)

	Pincock Allen & Holt: Iron Ore
		The properties are comprised of three surface mines, which produce a magnetite ore, and a concentrator.
		Iron ore reserves were reviewed and mine valuations estimated for F-1 filing with the US SEC.
		The iron ore mines are projected to produce over 11 million tonnes per year and contain about 196 million tonnes of reserves.
	www.pincock.com /commodities/iron_ore.html (332 words)

	Mining Technology - LKAB Group Iron Ore Mine - Kiruna - Sweden
		With an ore body 4km long, 80m thick and reaching a depth of 2km, LKAB’s Kiruna is the world’s largest, most modern underground iron ore mine.
		Ore is mined using sublevel caving, with sublevels spaced at 28.5m vertically.
		After blasting, load-haul-dump machines carry the run-of-mine ore to the nearest ore pass, from which it is loaded automatically on to one of the trains operating on the 1,045m level.
	www.mining-technology.com /projects/kiruna (848 words)

	iron ore
		The chief iron ores are magnetite, a fl oxide;; haematite, or kidney ore, a reddish oxide;; limonite, brown, impure oxyhydroxides of iron; and siderite, a brownish carbonate.
		Iron ores are found in a number of different forms, including distinct layers in igneous intrusions, as components of contact metamorphic rocks, and as sedimentary beds.
		Much of the world's iron is extracted in Russia, Kazakhstan, and the Ukraine.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0015259.html (238 words)

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