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Topic: Iberians

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	Iberians - MSN Encarta
		It is widely supposed that the Iberians were generally short and dark-skinned; that primarily they were agriculturalists (some were also miners and metalworkers); that quite possibly they lived in and around politically independent city-states; and that undoubtedly they possessed a sophisticated written literature.
		The Iberian language was replaced by Latin during the six centuries of Roman rule.
		Theories that attempt in some way to relate the ancient Iberians to the Basques, and the Iberian language to that of the Basques, are not supported by modern scholarship.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761568486 (409 words)

	Iberians - LoveToKnow 1911
		Iberians thus meant sometimes the population of the peninsula in general and sometimes, it would appear, the peoples of some definite race (yEvos) which formed one element in that population.
		Varro and Dionysius Afer proposed to identify the Iberians of Spain with the Iberians of the Caucasus, the one regarding the eastern, and other the western, settlements as the earlier.
		Knowledge of ancient Iberian language and history is mainly derived from a variety of coins, found widely distributed in the peninsula,' and also in the neighbourhood of Narbonne.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Iberians (1302 words)

	Iberians on wine
		I received so many and so sharp criticism on my first contribution to “Iberians on wine” (high prices, low quality, lousy wines) that this time I decided to pay a visit to my regular suppliers -Siguero, Barolo, Lavinia- and at the same time do the wine shopping for my summer holydays in Asturias.
		I don’t know yet what I enjoyed the most: the time I spent choosing the wines -there were quite a few people wine-hunting, we chatted and street talked quite a bit - or tasting the wines later in Asturias.
		I admit that a Latin name has a universal ring to it and that Romans loved wine from all of the Iberian peninsula -we don´t know how good it was but they certainly enjoyed it a lot.
	www.iberians.wordpress.com (3088 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Iberians
		Iberian Peninsula Part of sw Europe occupied by Spain and Portugal, separated from Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar and from the rest of Europe by the Pyrenees Mountains.
		The early Iberian inhabitants were colonized by Phoenicians and then Carthaginians until the 2nd century bc, when Rome...
		Dynamics and viability of a metapopulation of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Iberians (634 words)

	Europa Barbarorum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nevertheless, the celtic expansion begins in the 9th century BC; the Iberians sustain and are reinforced by this probation and their civilization develops itself from the 5th to the 3rd century BC, influenced by Greek and Punic cultural influences.
		The Iberians mingle with the few Celtic populations in the area presently known as Aragon and Castille to form the Celtiberians, with great predominance of the Iberian ethnicity and culture.
		Considered as the finest Iberian warriors in terms of guerrilla tactics, their influence extended through the fertile lands around the river Tagus, comprising what is now north and central Portugal, and wide regions of west central Spain.
	www.europabarbarorum.com /factions_iberia_history.html (3495 words)

	[No title]
		This culture was born in the Southeast region of the Iberian Peninsula in Almeria.
		Iberians were a trading civilization, who kept a trade relation with Phoenicians, Greeks and other Mediterranean civilizations, this was the reason why they made their own alphabet.
		Iberian’s history can be divided in three phases: Their arriving to the peninsula, in the V century BC., their group organization between V and III century BC., and the Roman period, the most difficult, because they always wanted to be independent.
	www.geocities.com /caniles_granada/webenglish/history.html (4620 words)

	Materials about the Iberians and Iberian Languages: an article by Cyril Babaev
		The origin of the Iberians is still largely a matter for conjecture.
		The Iberian origins are not defined, and an argument between various theories has not turned into the truth yet.
		The Iberian Substratum in Spanish, Portuguese and Basque.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article8.html (2575 words)

	Spain - The Iberians - Ministère des Affaires étrangères
		In the 6th century, the Greeks used the word “Iberoi” (“Iberians”) to refer to the members of a tribe on the southern or western coast of the Iberian Peninsula, but whose precise location was not known.
		Defining the term “Iberians” is therefore the result of a century’s worth of research on written texts and archaeological discoveries.
		Iberian art is distinguished by the strong geometry of the forms and the delicate strokes used to create volume and detail.
	www.diplomatie.gouv.fr /en/france-priorities_1/archaeology_2200/archaeology-notebooks_2202/europe-maghreb_2210/spain-the-iberians_3992/index.html (359 words)

	Iberians, Celts, And Visigoths - Ancient Roman Empire Forums
		Furthermore, the biggest consequence from this data is that the whole presumption a 'Celtic'; invasion of Iberia during the 1st Millennia BC is rubbish as is the presumtion that the Celtiberians were racially different from the southern Iberians and the Lusitanians.
		There may have been an encrouchment of Celtic culture into Iberia when the Iberians in the north possibly adopted a Celtic 'Lingua Franca' from their trading partners, but there was no mass movement of people that caused a north and south genetic divide in Spain during the 1st Millennia BC...
		The Pre-Roman Iberians are a facinating people and don't believe any source that claims they were a bunch of uncivilized yokles before the Phoenicians arrived to trade with them...
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2285 (1003 words)

	Dev Diary Part 2: Celtic Kings The Punic Wars - ( Review, Preview, Article, Interview, Q&A, Buy, Game ) - GamersHell.com
		The Iberian nation is not extinct but prospered for more than two thousand years after the time period of The Punic Wars.
		On the surface this may seem to make things easier, but in truth the two thousand years of history have blurred the image of the ancient Iberians in the minds of the modern people, as well as the way they are represented in the history books.
		Not only the Iberians are strong in their defensive tactics, but also they’re valuable allies of all of the other nations.
	www.gamershell.com /reviews_DevDiaryPart2CelticKings.shtml (1040 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		In more recent times the Iberians are believed to have arrived in the region between the 4th millennium BC and the 3rd millennium BC, initially settling along the Mediterranean coast.
		Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in practically all of the Iberian peninsula but is particularly dominant in the Basque region which straddles France and Spain where it reaches frequencies of 95%.
		This large Paleolithic component in the ancestry of Iberians links the population of these regions, due to migrations that occurred during the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and to a lesser extent the Neolithic, to the populations of the Atlantic rim of Europe and particularly the British Isles.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Spanish_people (2151 words)

	The Iberians
		The qualities which made the Iberian horse so much sought after as a riding horse and as a charger were the short-coupled body with its wide, powerful loins and quarters, and the high action with well-flexed knees and hocks, all of which made for a horse that ‘rounded’ naturally.
		Some people object that the Iberian breeds lack forward impulsion; yet while their powerful quarters and hindlegs generate a tremendous amount of impulsion, this is directed both forwards and upwards into collected movement rather than simply forwards and ‘out of the front door’.
		Now this may be true of some Iberians, but there are many more who, if correctly trained and ridden, are perfectly capable of producing extended paces which, if not as spectacular as those of the big Warmbloods (against whom they are generally measured), are nevertheless more than adequate for covering the ground efficiently.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /zareeba/iberian.htm (1391 words)

	Matiane - მატიანე \| Tacitus - Invasion of Armenia, The Annals, Book VI (109 A.D) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Their sole strength was in cavalry; Pharasmanes was also powerful in infantry, for the Iberians and Albanians, inhabiting as they did a densely wooded country, were more inured to hardship and endurance.
		And now the Albanians and Iberians seized, and hurled the Parthians from their steeds, and embarrassed their enemy with a double attack, pressed as they were by the cavalry on the heights and by the nearer blows of the infantry.
		Meanwhile Pharasmanes and Orodes, who, as they cheered on the brave and supported the wavering, were conspicuous to all, and so recognised each other, rushed to the combat with a shout, with javelins, and galloping chargers, Pharasmanes with the greater impetuosity, for he pierced his enemy's helmet at a stroke.
	www.matiane.com /tacitus_orodes.htm (854 words)

	The Spanish
		Spain is located on the Iberian peninsula on the southwestern tip of Europe and has been inhabited by various groups.
		The Iberians of the east had develped an alphabet as had the Tartesians to the south, both were alphabetic and syllabic in form.
		In the fourth century BC, the Iberian civilization reached its zenith and was later influenced by Carthagenian colonization.
	www.genealogical-gleanings.com /Spanish.htm (9556 words)

	The Georgian Chronicle
		Beseeching the Armenians, Adrik prevented [them] from killing Iberians, saying: "From now on, thanks to you, I am their king." All the Iberian troops fell to the ground and revered Adrik [Pharasmanes I/Aderk, 1-58 A.D.] and placed Arshak's crown on his head; and the Armenians, Iberians, and Aghbanians were one.
		The entire' Iberian army assembled at one place and unexpectedly entered the land of Armenia while it was unprepared.
		The Ossetians wanted to kill him to avenge the blood of their kings, but the Iberians prevented this so that by means of [Zareh] they might regain the their territories which the Armenians had taken.
	rbedrosian.com /gc3.htm (4833 words)

	Celtiberians Information
		were a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain and northern Portugal, before and during the Roman Empire.
		The earliest Celtic presence in Iberia was that of the southeastern Almería culture of the Bronze Age.
		The ethnic map of Celtiberia was highly localized however, composed of different tribes and nations from the third century centered upon fortified oppida and representing a wide ranging degree of local assimilation with the autochthonous cultures in a mixed Celtic and Iberian stock.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Celtiberians (1041 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Ser. II, Vol. II: The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen.: How the Iberians received the ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It happened that a boy of the country was taken ill, and his mother, according to the custom of the Iberians, took him around from house to house, in hope that some one might be found capable of curing the disease, and the change from the suffering might be easy for the afflicted.
		The church having been thus speedily built, the Iberians, at the recommendation of the captive, sent ambassadors to the Emperor Constantine, bearing proposals for alliance and treaties, and requesting that priests might be sent to their nation.
		By the Iberians we are to understand, not the people of Spain (for they had a church among them as early as the time of Irenæus; see adv.
	www.sacred-texts.com /chr/ecf/202/2020309.htm (947 words)

	Iberians :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		The Iberians were the original inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and are venerated to this day among the Spanish and Portuguese.
		Yet, the Iberians were put in submission once and for all by the Romans in 18 B.C. The Iberians were most active during the Punic Wars and during the various rebellions against Roman rule.
		Some of the most famous rebellions of the Iberians were: the seven Campaigns of Viriato, the guerilla War of the Belli, and lastly the second Rebellion of the Ilegetes.
	www.wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=1390 (248 words)

	Basque and the Language of the Iberians
		The term Iberian is used for the aboriginal inhabitants of the peninsula now occupied by Spain and Portugal.
		Originally the term was applied to the people residing near the mouth of the Ebro River in eastern Spain, but gradually was expanded to include the ancient inhabitants of all of the peninsula.
		Therefore it is not surprising that the Iberian of the Alcoy lead tablet and modern Basque are not mutually intelligible in as much as they were separated by centuries and hundreds of miles.
	www.applet-magic.com /iberian.htm (300 words)

	ANISTORITON: History News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Ancient Iberians lived and developed a culture from the 6th to the 1st century BC in the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), before the area was occupied by the Romans.
		The Iberians were farmers but they also served as mercenaries of the Greeks and the Carthaginians.
		The early settlements of the Iberians were soon converted to fortified towns but their political system varied from area to area ranging from aristocracy to full monarchy.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/h973.htm (178 words)

	IBERIANS (Iberi, "I(3r... - Online Information article about IBERIANS (Iberi, "I(3r...
		Numismatic.—Knowledge of ancient Iberian language and history is mainly derived from a variety of coins, found widely distributed in the peninsula,) and also in the neighbourhood of See also:
		This phase of Iberian theory opens with K, W.
		This Neolithic race has consequently been nicknamed " Iberians," and it is now common to speak of the " Iberian " ancestry of the people of Britain, recognizing the racial characteristics of " Iberians " in the" small swarthy Welshman," the " small dark Highlander," and the " See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /I27_INV/IBERIANS_Iberi_I_3r7Aes_.html (1845 words)

	Centro Andaluz de Arqueología Ibérica
		This proposal, together with Góngora’s hypothesis on the survival of Iberian population in the eastern and western (Basque and Catalonian) Pyrenees, make up the four questions to be discussed in archaeological debates on the first inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula and, also, by extension, in debates on nationalism.
		The former identified the Basque language as the pure remains of the Iberian culture; this was a basic element of the foundations of the Spanish nationalist liberal archaeology.
		Based on his knowledge of Iberian epigraphy and on his defence of Basqueiberianism, Gómez-Moreno proposed that the original Iberian nucleus, that is the original nucleus of Spanish identity, reached from the Basque area to Valencia (Figure 3) (Gómez-Moreno 1949).
	www.ujaen.es /centros/caai/articAntiquity.htm (3162 words)

	Colonies of Atlantis ch. 4
		"It is thought that the Iberians from Atlantis and the north-west part of Africa," says Winchell, "settled in the Southwest of Europe at a period earlier than the settlement of the Egyptians in the north-east of Africa.
		The Iberians spread themselves over Spain, Gaul, and the British Islands as early as 4000 or 5000 B.C. The fourth dynasty (of the Egyptians), according to Brugsch, dates from about 3500 B.C. At this time the Iberians had become sufficiently powerful to attempt the conquest of the known world." ("Preadamites," p.
		The Iberians are represented to-day by the Basques.
	www.earth-history.com /Atlantis/Donnelly/donnelly-atlantis-5-04.htm (960 words)

	The Archaeology of the Iberians - Cambridge University Press
		The Iberians inhabited southern and eastern Spain between the Greek and Phoenician colonisation, beginning in the eighth century BC, and the Roman conquest.
		This was a period of significant changes in native Spanish societies, and the emergence of urbanism and the adoption of ideological symbols and technological innovations from the colonists created an important and unique Iron Age culture.
		Models of servitude for analysing the history of the Iberians; Cartographic appendix; Bibliography.
	www.cambridge.org /asia/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521564026 (159 words)

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