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	Abraham ibn Ezra
		Rabbi Abraham Ben Meir Ibn Ezra (also known as Ibn Ezra, or Abenezra) (1092 or 1093-1167), was one of the most distinguished Jewish men of letters and writers of the Middle Ages.
		Ibn Ezra belongs to the earliest pioneers of the higher biblical criticism[?] of the Pentateuch.
		Ibn Ezra died on the 28th of January 1167, the place of his death being unknown.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ab/Abenezra.html (1168 words)

	Abenezra (Ibn Ezra) - LoveToKnow Watches
		Ibn Ezra wrote a second commentary on Genesis as he had done on Exodus, but this was never finished.
		The importance of the exegesis of Ibn Ezra consists in the fact that it aims at arriving at the simple sense of the text, the so-called " Pesohat," on solid grammatical principles.
		Among the literature on Ibn Ezra may be especially mentioned : M. Friedlander, Essays on the Writings of Ibn Ezra (London, 1877); W. Bacher, Abraham Ibn Ezra als Grammatiker (Strasburg, 1882); M. Steinschneider, Abraham Ibn Ezra, in the Zeitschrift für Mathematik and Physik, Band xxv., Supplement; D. Rosin, Die Religionsphilosophie Abraham Ibn Ezra's in vols.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Abenezra_(Ibn_Ezra) (737 words)

	Ibn Ezra
		Ibn Ezra was a poet, astrologist, scientist, and Hebrew grammarian.
		Ibn Ezra's most famous work was his commentary on the Bible.
		Ibn Ezra divided the universe into three "worlds:" the "upper world" of intelligibles or angels; the "intermediate world" of the celestial spheres; and the lower, sublunar "world" which was created in time.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/IbnEzra.html (492 words)

	JewishGates.Com - The Definitive Source for Talmudic Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		According to Moses ibn Ezra, ibn Gabirol died in Valencia at the age of 30, while Abraham ibn David states that he died in 1070, when he was approximately 50.
		In their commentaries on the Bible, Abraham ibn Ezra and David Kimchi quote some of his interpretations, mostly allegorical, but it is not known if he composed a complete commentary of his own.
		Ibn Gabirol also described the relation between the virtues and the four qualities: heat, cold, moistness, and dryness, which are incorporated in pairs in each of the four elements of which the earth is composed: earth, air, water, and fire.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=224 (1744 words)

	Abraham ibn Ezra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Abraham ibn Ezra did not practice philosophy in a systematic way, but philosophical problems were always present in his works.
		According to Abraham ibn Ezra, the intelligible world is eternal, while the earthly (sensual) world was created in time from eternal matter by the mediation of the intelligible world.
		Because of his multifaceted interests and works, Abraham ibn Ezra was not only a unique pioneer of the intellectual life among the Jews who dwelt in western and southern Europe, but his works had a wider influence.
	republika.pl /peenef2/angielski/hasla/a/abraham_ibn_ezra.html (973 words)

	Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary to the Torah
		Rabbi Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra was born and educated in the "Golden Age" of Muslim Spain.
		Ibn Ezra's works of Biblical interpretation were based primarily on a meticulous foundation of Hebrew grammar and philology, and attention to the realia of Biblical life.
		Ibn Ezra was aware of his departures from Rashi's approach; though fact he was not entirely above applying homiletical or allegorical interpretations, as in his commentaries to Ecclesiastes and Song of Songs.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/TalmudMap/MG/MGIbnEzra.html (252 words)

	Congregation Ohave Shalom, Young Israel of Pawtucket, RI
		Ibn Ezra writes (3:6) that the Tree of Life is meant to increase life, and (2:9) that the tree of knowledge is meant to increase knowledge.
		Ibn Ezra deduced from the verses immediately preceding this story (Bereishis 2:25) and immediately following their consumption of the fruit (Bereishis 3:7) that the knowledge which Adam and Chavah received was knowledge of the good and evil side of male-female interaction.
		Ibn Ezra says that the warning, "when you eat you will die," was only that there would be a death sentence on their heads, but that they would have died eventually, anyway.
	members.tripod.com /~ohave/chumash/tree.htm (7608 words)

	Toldot Sermon - November 17, 2001 - Temple Beth Am - Margate Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ibn Ezra, explains that he sold his birthright because he saw that his father was very poor.
		Ramban evaluates the earlier explanation by Ibn Ezra, and sights proof after proof to show that Isaac, far from being poor, was in fact very wealthy.
		For when Ibn Ezra says he sold his birthright because of his father's poverty, it was a projection, he was really trying to explain why his own son Isaac, sold his birthright of Judaism for the money he received from his patron.
	www.beth-am.org /index2.cfm?page=221 (1860 words)

	Review of Jay F. Shachter, trans. The Commentary of Abraham ibn Ezra on the Pentateuch, volume 5: Deuteronomy
		Furthermore, ibn Ezra relished writing his commentaries in cryptic wording--especially, but not exclusively, when they contained heterodox messages--and there are many passages in his works that still baffle scholars.
		For example, it is unusual that ibn Ezra began his commentary on Deuteronomy by mentioning an interpretation that he had read (or heard) about the phrase in verse 2, "eleven days from Horev by way of Mount Seir." But that is what ibn Ezra did.
		So if a reader were to open ibn Ezra's Hebrew commentary, fail to understand the first words of the commentary and turn to Shachter's translation for help, she or he would expect to find their explanation on the first, not the second page of Shachter's translation.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /JHS/reviews/review136.htm (886 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		IBN EZRA, ABRAHAM BEN MEIR [Ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir], c.1089-1164, Jewish grammarian, commentator, poet, philosopher, and astronomer, b.
		He was the inspiration for Robert Browning's "Rabbi Ben Ezra." Aben Ezra is another form of his name.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/I/IbnEzra.asp (329 words)

	Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Creation [Hardcover] :: Eichlers.com - The World's Judaica Store « ...
		With Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Creation, the insights and wisdom of one of Judaism's great thinkers can be studies with deeper understanding and a greater appreciation of their importance than was possible in centuries past.
		Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra was one of the outstanding scholars of the Middle Ages.
		Although Ibn Ezra's commentary has been studied for centuries and is printed in nearly every edition of the Torah published, much of his brilliance has been lost to contemporary students.
	www.eichlers.com /details.cfm?Group_ID=447&Product_ID=573 (334 words)

	Ezra biography
		Ibn Ezra made his reputation as a scholar and a poet.
		Ibn Ezra translated al-Biruni's commentary on al-Khwarizmi's tables and made interesting comments on the introduction of Indian mathematics into Arabic science in the 8
		Ibn Ezra's writings on grammar and poetry were often motivated by the "paytanim" [Encyclopaedia Britannica.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Ezra.html (589 words)

	Sample Chapter for Ibn Gabirol, S.; Cole, P., trans.: Selected Poems of Solomon Ibn Gabirol.
		Ibn Gabirol's father dies while the precocious son is still in his early teens, and the young man is looked after by a Jewish notable at the Saragossan court, Yequtiel Ibn Hasan al-Mutawakkil Ibn Qabrun.
		Ibn Hazm is best known for his Ring of the Dove, a psychologically astute treatise detailing the signs and stages of love, but he is also the author of a vast work on comparative religion and at least one qasida that recalls Ibn Gabirol's greatest poem, Kingdom's Crown.
		Ibn Abitur's contemporary, the first exclusively "professional" and secular Hebrew poet of the period, Yitzhak Ibn Khalfon, who was born in North Africa and raised in Córdoba in the latter third of the tenth century.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/s6933.html (9236 words)

	Toldot -- November 15, 1996 - Temple Beth Am - Margate Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Nachmanides concludes his criticism of Ibn Ezra with these derisive words, "V'eyn Eyllo Rak Divrey Tzchok" -"All of his comments are laughable." When you look at the two explanations openly and analytically, you are forced to agree that Nachmanides is right, that Isaac was anything but poor.
		This secret tragedy of Ibn Ezra's life is perhaps the explanation of his strange interpretation of Esau's reason for selling his birthright.
		No wonder Ramban dismisses Ibn Ezra's explanation by saying, "All of his comments are laughable." What is so fascinating to the student of the Torah and of its commentators, is that what appears to be on the surface an intellectual argument between two great commentators is really much more.
	www.beth-am.org /index2.cfm?page=110 (1573 words)

	Rabbi Ben Ezra
		In order to understand the character of Rabbi Ben Ezra, it is important to know that Abraham Ibn Ezra was pushed out of his home land of Spain and forced to become a sojourner in foreign lands.
		Ibn Ezra’s greatest achievements were his commentaries on the books of the Old Testament, and he was a strong believer in the immortality of the soul.
		The main theme of Rabbi Ben Ezra is the "unity of life." Using the present life as best possible is important for advancement into the future.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Jesse_Airaudi/rabbiben.html (392 words)

	Portion sows seeds of modern scholarship
		The 12th-century Spanish scholar Abraham Ibn Ezra, whose authority as an interpreter of the Bible is second only to that of Rashi, pointed out that whoever wrote the phrase "on the other side of the Jordan" (b'eiver haYarden) must have stood on the Israelite side of the river.
		Ibn Ezra was plainly afraid to state the obvious point of his observation.
		Isaac Mayer Wise reports that Ibn Ezra's commentary was omitted from the curriculum of the Hungarian yeshivot that were the bastion of 19th-century Orthodoxy.
	www.jewishaz.com /jewishnews/010727/torah.shtml (550 words)

	Moses Ibn Ezra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Moses Ibn Ezra was born in Granada and appears to have held a position of prominence.
		Ibn Ezra's family dispersed after Granada was destroyed by the Almoravides in 1090.
		Ibn Ezra is best known for his substantial body of penitential prayers.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Ezra.html (126 words)

	Vaeira - A Difficult Ibn Ezra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Ibn Ezra, in his commentary upon Shemos 7:24 suggests that the first three plagues of blood, frogs, and lice, afflicted not only the Egyptians, but the Jews as well.
		The Ibn Ezra's view seems to conflict with a number of midrashim that indicate that the plagues never effected the Jews in Goshen.
		Indeed, the Ibn Ezra himself seems to be mindful of this issue when quoting elements of these midrashim.
	www.tzemachdovid.org /rabbikret/vaeira_01.html (398 words)

	Beshalach - Nishmat
		Like Ibn Ezra, he cannot accept the premise that millions of Jews were wiped out in a plague much worse than the ten in the Torah<9>.
		Ibn Ezra proceeds to answer the Moslem critics, but we have omitted that here.
		{Of course, the Ibn Ezra's population problem is exacerbated tremendously by this approach.} For an alternative explanation of this gemora, see Rav Meir Simchah of Dvinsk (1843-1926), Meshekh Chokhmah, Shemot 6:7-8.
	www.nishmat.net /article.php?id=92&heading=1 (1721 words)

	BRILL
		The main focus of this book is the study of Abraham Ibn Ezra’s (1089-1167) scientific thought within the historical and cultural context of his times.
		His scientific contribution may be understood as the very embodiment of ‘the rise of medieval Hebrew science’, a process in which Jewish scholars gradually adopted the holy tongue as a vehicle to express secular and scientific ideas.
		The third and fourth parts study Ibn Ezra’s introductions to his scientific treatises and the fifth part is devoted to studying four ‘encounters’ with Claudius Ptolemy, the main scientific character featuring in Ibn Ezra’s literary work.
	www.brill.nl /product_id11271.htm (368 words)

	Judaism 101 - Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra - A Glossary of Basic Jewish Terms and Concepts - OU.ORG
		Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra was born in 1089 in Spanish Toledo and died, after traveling extensively throughout Europe, in 1167, probably in Calahorra.
		Ibn Ezra lived a life of great misfortune and tragedy.
		If the greatness of Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra was realized by this insightful representative of the non-Jewish world, how much more should we appreciate his place among the immortal leaders of our People.
	www.ou.org /about/judaism/rabbis/ibnezra.htm (509 words)

	Miriam (Hoffman) Sklarz Ph.D. Thesis
		The integration and intermingling of the two exegetic modes that preceded him - the French and the Spanish - is a cardinal characteristic of his literary creation in general and of his commentary on the Pentateuch in particular.
		In his commentary on Genesis, Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (henceforth Rashi) was chosen to represent the French and ibn Ezra the Spanish mode.
		The present research pursues the traces of ibn Ezra, the Spanish component in Nachmanides' commentary on the Pentateuch.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /chemphys/ssklarz/MiriamThesis.html (401 words)

	Ibn Ezra - The Ten Plagues
		Ibn Ezra focuses our attention on his first word, “Know”, which urges the reader to think into this specific commentary.
		Beginning with the word “Know”, Ibn Ezra is teaching an important lesson.
		Ibn Ezra also made specific note of two plagues where no staff was used.
	www.mesora.org /ibnezra-10plagues.html (1718 words)

	Skyscript: The Life and Work of Abraham ibn Ezra by David McCann
		An important part in transmitting the Classical heritage back from the Arabs to Western Europe was played by the Jews of Spain, for they moved freely on either side of the divide between Islam and Christendom.
		Abraham ben Me'ir ibn Ezra, (known in the Middle Ages as Avenezra), was born at Tudela in Spain (then in the Emirate of Saragossa) in 1092 or 1093.
		Ibn Ezra died in 1167: some say in Rome, others that, knowing his end was approaching, he set out for his native Spain and died just over the frontier.
	www.skyscript.co.uk /ezra.html (1987 words)

	Dvar Torah -Vaera, 5762 - Torah.org
		When the spare meal was served on Friday night the Ibn Ezra asked for more to eat but they told him that they wouldn't have enough for tomorrow's meal if they served too much that night.
		Now filled with regret at having mistreated him, the Ibn Ezra was flooded with invitations for the Shabbos meal by some of the most esteemed and prominent members of the community but he declined saying that he would only be eating at his host from the night before.
		Just as in the story of the Ibn Ezra, those who were thoughtful enough to host the great one when his true qualities were hidden, were to merit more than those who needed open proof.
	www.torah.org /learning/dvartorah/5762/vaera.html (853 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ibn Janach who rejects this), and hence, 'from His right hand a waterfall to them.' Or, 'from the fire at His right hand, a law to them' (Targum); or, 'at His right hand, His angels were with Him' (Septuagint).
		Or, abandoning family to serve God (Ibn Ezra), possibly relating to those outside the proper age of Levitical service (see Targum Yonathan; see Numbers 4:47).
		Or, 'that is where the palaces of the mighty were' (Ibn Ezra); or, 'there are the lands of the princes' (Paaneach Razah; cf.
	bible.ort.org /books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=5&CHAPTER=33 (2226 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Or 'branch' or 'bough' (Targum; Saadia Gaon; Ibn Ezra; Ramban; Sforno; cf.
		Or, 'made him their target' (Ibn Ezra); or 'were treacherous to him' (Bereshith Rabbah 98).
		Or, 'until the heights of the eternal hills' (Ibn Ezra).
	bible.ort.org /books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=49 (2372 words)

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