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	Muslim American Society
		Ibn Battuta was known to be a widely traveled person; he was also the only medieval traveler to have seen the lands of every Muslim ruler in his lifetime.
		Ibn Battuta was born in Tangier, Morocco in 1304 C.E. (703 A.H.),during the time of Merinid Sultanate rule, into a Berber family.
		Perhaps, Ibn Juzayy has added a little fiction from time to time for the purpose of entertainment and easy communication, but on the whole he is believed to have strictly followed Ibn Battuta’s narrative.
	www.masnet.org /prof_personality.asp?id=3392 (1034 words)

	Biography of Ibn Batuta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At the instigation of the Sultan of Morocco, Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys to a scholar named Ibn Juzayy, whom he had met while in Iberia.
		The Sultan was erratic even by the standards of the time, and Ibn Battuta veered between living the high life of a trusted subordinate, and being under suspicion for a variety of reasons.
		While Ibn Battuta never mentions this specifically, hearing of this during his own trip must have planted a seed in his mind, for he decided to set out and visit the Muslim kingdom on the far side of the Sahara Desert.
	biography-1.qardinalinfo.com /i/Ibn_Batuta.html (2131 words)

	AlShindagah Online
		Ibn Battuta was a North African Arab born in Tangier, Morocco in 1304.
		Ibn Battuta was daring, or at least determined, enough to start his journey alone on a donkey.
		Ibn Battuta married the girl in Tripoli, but soon the marriage was broken because of a quarrel between Ibn Battuta and his new father-in-law.
	www.alshindagah.com /mayjun2003/ibn.html (1751 words)

	Ibn Juzayy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ahmad Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi (1321–1340) was an Arab Andalusian scholar (present day Spain) and writer of poetry, history, and law, born 721/1321, died in the battle of Rio Salado in 741/1340.
		He completed a summary of the travels of Ibn Battuta, as originally dictated by the latter.
		Ibn Juzayy was taught by the philosopher Averroes in law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ibn_Juzayy (180 words)

	Suggested readings on Morocco Ibn Batouta
		Ibn Battuta was born in 1304 in the Moroccan town of Tangier (hence his surname “al-Tanji”—”the Tangerine”) into a family of qadis, Islamic judges.
		Ibn Battuta, quoting an eye-witness, wrote that it occurred when a wooden pavilion collapsed on top of him, and that this collapse was deliberately triggered by elephants on the orders of Tughluq’s son and heir, Muhammad.
		Ibn Battuta had left another annoyingly vague address: “Outside Delhi, near the hospice of Shaykh Nizam al-Din.” The problem was that over the centuries the landscape of Delhi had been continually eroded, and the sort of rocky outcrops where one might find caves had been quarried away long ago.
	www.travelinstyle.com /morocco/suggeste_readingibnbatouta.htm (6415 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Books Supplement (May 2001) \| In the footsteps of Ibn Battutah
		The rihlah, by Ibn Battutah's time at least, was a well-established form of tourism, just as travel-writing was a well-established literary genre, and it had the added spiritual cachet that made travel (anywhere and for any reason) echo with the reflected holiness of pilgrimage.
		Ibn Battutah happened to be passing through in the early 1330s, and found a rather war-like icon on one of the walls.
		Ibn Battutah the sensualist (what a libido!), the romantic, the joker, the socialite, the holy-man addict has etched himself into MS the footnote-fetishist, to such an extent that the best of the stories in Travels with a Tangerine are those of this later, 21st century traveller.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/533/bo1.htm (2615 words)

	Ibn Battuta - ArticleWorld
		Ibn Battuta studied Islamic law and later served as a judge.
		At the age of 20, Ibn Battuta left the area to go on a Hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca required as part of the Islamic faith).
		Ibn Battuta shared his travels with Ibn Juzayy, who turned them into A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php/Ibn_Battuta (260 words)

	Ibn Battuta Explores the Non-Western World \| Science and Its Times: 700-1449
		Ibn Battuta, who set out on his own journeys in 1325, a year after Polo's death, would one day publish his own book—and he, too, would be branded a fabricator of falsehoods.
		Ibn Battuta's journeys began, in fact, with a pilgrimage to a city that is quite literally forbidden to non-Muslim visitors: Mecca.
		Ibn Battuta's trip home was a varied one, involving stops in Sumatra, India, Arabia, Persia, and Syria, but though he witnessed the ravages of the Black Death (1347-51), it was a less eventful journey than his eastward travels had been.
	bookrags.com /research/ibn-battuta-explores-the-non-wester-scit-021 (2001 words)

	Old World Contacts/Diplomats & Other Travellers/Ibn Battuta
		Ibn Battuta spent the next eight years in India, where he worked as a qadi, or judge, in the government of the Sultan of Delhi.
		Although Ibn Battuta was cosmopolitan and generally tolerant of different customs and peoples, his account periodically betrays personal attitudes and biases.
		Marco Polo was essentially exploring regions that were little-known to his fellow Europeans, while Ibn Battuta never strayed far from the world of Islamic culture; a world in which he could always find hospitality and companionship with individuals sharing sensibilities similar to his own.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/diplomats/battuta.html (1098 words)

	UCLA Center for Near Eastern Studies :: Ross Dunn Keynote Address at Ibn Battuta Event
		Abu Abdallah ibn Battuta was born in Morocco in 1304 and educated in Islamic law.
		However, to understand that and to grasp the significance of Ibn Battuta’s narratives, we must think of that entire landmass as one; Afro-Eurasia as a whole; it was the was the whole place on the map where events of world historical importance unfolded, and that was, in a sense, his home.
		Ibn Battuta’s descriptions of the many places he visited are precious historical documents because we have no other surviving eyewitness accounts from the fourteenth-century, and among the most valuable records is his description of the Empire of Mali which covered a huge part of the grasslands of West Africa.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /cnes/home/article.asp?parentid=21336 (5221 words)

	Ibn Battuta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ibn Battuta Mall is a themed mall, reflecting on Ibn Battuta's travels and even showcases some of his earlier research as well as inventions, scattered throughout the corridors of the mega shopping complex.
		Ibn Battuta was born in Tangier, Morocco some time between 1304 and 1307, during the time of Merinid Sultanate rule in the Hijri calender year 703, into a Berber family.
		After this trip, Ibn Battuta returned to Mecca for a 2nd hajj, and lived there for a year before embarking on a 2nd great trek, this time down the Red Sea and the Eastern African coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ibn_Battuta (2553 words)

	Ibn Battuta in West Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ibn Battuta left at age 21 on his trip and travelled until he was nearly fifty (1325-1353/4).
		Juzayy's job was to make it readable, entertaining, and stylish--he did not correct errors or even question anything, since Battuta states when he saw something himself and when he learned about something through hearsay.
		Ibn Juzzayy gave an example where the ambassador of Mali to Morocco sprinkled dust on himself as a sign of humility before the Moroccan sultan, Abu al-Hasan.
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his311/lectures/17battut.htm (7729 words)

	Ibn Batuta, Travels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ibn Battuta's sea voyages and references to shipping reveal that the Muslims completely dominated the maritime activity of the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Chinese waters.
		Ibn Battuta, one of the most remarkable travelers of all time, visited China sixty years after Marco Polo and in fact traveled 75,000 miles, much more than Marco Polo.
		Ibn Battuta’s contribution to geography is unquestionably as great as that of any geographer yet the accounts of his travels are not easily accessible except to the specialist.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b1ibn-batuta.htm (700 words)

	IslamiCity Forum: Tafsir Surat an-Nur, al-Mulk, al-Ma’un
		Ibn 'Abbas said, "One of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah pitched his tent on a grave without knowing that it was a grave, and it contained a man who was reciting 'Blessed is He who has the Kingdom in His hand.' He went and told the Prophet who said, 'It is the defender.
		Ibn 'Abbas said that "walk its trails" refers the mountains, and it is said that it refers to the slopes and it is said that it is paths.
		Ibn 'Umar said, "Ma'un is the property whose right is paid." 'Ikrima said, "The head of ma'un is the zakat on property and the least of it is a shovel, bucket and needle.' Muhammad ibn Ka'b said that is an act of charity (ma'ruf).
	www.islamicity.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=4221&PN=1 (15344 words)

	Ibn Battuta Criticism and Essays
		Renowned for his travels throughout the Islamic world and beyond, Ibn Battuta is believed to have covered over 75,000 miles in his journeys—three times the distance of Marco Polo's famous journey to Cathay.
		Ibn Batutta was born on February 24, 1304 at Tangiers, Morocco.
		Upon his return to Fez Ibn Battuta regaled the Sultan of Morocco and his court with tales of his adventures.
	enotes.com /classical-medieval-criticism/ibn-battuta/introduction?... (469 words)

	Travellers in Egypt - Ibn Battuta's Rihla
		Similarly, Ibn Battuta’s near-encounter with what he and his shipmates unquestioningly regarded as the legendary rakhkh, or roc—the bird as big as a mountain that haunted the southern Indian Ocean—is also omitted from the present account.
		With Ibn Battuta we can vicariously travel the world during the age when Islam was the very definition of global civilization.
		This article is the Editor's Note of "The Longest Hajj: The Journeys of Ibn Battuta" written by Douglas Bullis and is for kind permission of Saudi Aramco World and the original publishing may be found at this address.
	www.travellersinegypt.org /archives/2005/02/ibn_battutas_rihla.html (637 words)

	Ibn Battuta - Wikipedia en espaÃ±ol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ibn Juzayy, a quien habÃa encontrado mientras estaba en la PenÃnsula ibÃ©rica.
		ExistÃan tres rutas comunmente usadas a la Meca e Ibn Battuta escogiÃ³ la menos frecuentada: un viaje rÃo arriba del Nilo, y luego al este por tierra al puerto del Mar rojo de 'Aydhad.
		Desembarcado en la costa, Ibn Battuta una vez mÃ¡s rehizo su camino de vuelta a Calicut, desde donde navegÃ³ a las Maldivas de nuevo antes de embarcar en un junco chino y tratar otra vez de alcanzar China.
	www.brujula.net /wiki/Ibn_Battuta (2051 words)

	Muhammad ibn Battuta Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		After receiving an education in Islamic law, Ibn Battuta set out in 1325, at the age of 21, to perform the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca and to continue his studies in the East.
		From 1333 to 1342 Ibn Battuta stayed at Delhi, where Sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq gave him a position as judge, and then he traveled through central India and along the Malabar coast to the Maldives.
		His travel book was written from his reports by Ibn Juzayy, a man of letters commissioned by the ruler of Fez.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/muhammad-ibn-battuta (480 words)

	tawba3
		Ibn 'Abbas said that the poor are Muslims and the destitute are dhimmis and that one does not call poor Muslims destitute.
		Ibn al-Faris said: "Permission to pay a wage to someone who is occupied with the affairs of the Muslims is inferred from this." Abu 'Ubayd used it as a proof of the permissibility of judges taking a wage.....
		Ibn Abi Hatim transmitted from Ibn Mas'ud about it, "He said that it is with his hand.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/abewley/tawba3.html (5918 words)

	tawba1
		'Uthman ibn 'Affan said that its meanings are similar to those of Surat al-Anfal and they were called "the two consorts" in the time of the Messenger of Allah.
		[Ibn Kathir states that is not enough to merely find them, but they must be besieged in their strongholds and fortresses.
		Ibn Kathir: What is meant is the Day of Badr when they went out to help others.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/ABewley/tawba1.html (4423 words)

	Amazon.ca: Traveling Man : The Journey of Ibn Battuta 1325-1354: Books: James Rumford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gr 3-6-"In the days when the earth was flat and Jerusalem was the center of the world, there was a boy named Ibn Battuta." So begins this introduction to the journeys of this historically important but probably little-known, 14th-century Muslim figure.
		James Rumford, himself a world traveler, has retold Ibn Battuta's story in words and pictures, adding the element of ancient Arab mapsmaps as colorful and evocative as a Persian miniature, as intricate and mysterious as a tiled Moroccan wall.
		Once home, Ibn Battuta told a court scribe about his journey and many adventures, and this written record is the basis for James Rumford's remarkable and mesmerizing story.
	www.amazon.ca /Traveling-Man-Journey-Battuta-1325-1354/dp/0618432337 (750 words)

	Surah 24.35 An Nur (The Light)
		Anas ibn Malik said that Allah says, "My light is guidance." Ubayy ibn Ka'b said that it refers to the believer in whose breast Allah has put belief and the Qur'an.
		Ibn 'Abbas went to Ka'b al-Ahbar and said, "Tell me about His words, 'its oil all but giving off light even if no fire touches it.'" He said, "Muhammad almost makes things clear to people without even saying that he is a Prophet, even as the oil almost shines."
		Ibn 'Abbas says that it means the belief and actions of the slave of Allah.
	www.adishakti.org /his_light_within/parable_of_the_light_in_islam.htm (5713 words)

	British-Yemeni Society: A tangerine in Yemen, by Tim Mackintosh-Smith
		Ibn Battutah (hereafter, IB) was born in Tangier in 1304.
		Although Ibn al-Mujawir is notorious for his sensationalism, there may be some truth in what he said: the historian al-Khazraji, our best authority for the Rasulid period, tells the story of a certain scholar who blundered into a Palm Saturday and was so shocked that he ran away to Ethiopia.
		No; the likelihood of Ibn Juzayy having known Ibn al-Mujawir’s book is as close as possible to absolute zero.
	www.al-bab.com /bys/articles/smith05.htm (1942 words)

	Commentary
		Professor Ross Dunn in The adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century observes “Since the mid nineteenth century, when translation of his Arabic narrative began to appear in Western languages, Ibn Battuta has been well known among specialists in Islamic and medieval history.
		After his return Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his travels and observations to a scholar named Ibn Juzayy who complied them as Tuhfat al-Nuzzar fi Ghara'ib al-Amsar wa-'Aja'ib al-Asfar, or A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling (commonly referred to as the Rihla).
		Ibn Battuta's sea voyages and references to shipping reveal the state of maritime activities of the Red Sea, the Black Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Chinese waters.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Commentary/2006/May06/19/05.HTM (1105 words)

	nur
		Ibn Juzayy: Kedudukannya ialah pada suatu lobang pada suatu dinding yang bukannya suatu tingkap, dan lampu itu mengeluarkan satu cahaya yang kuat.
		Ibn Juzayy: Perumpamaan kaca itu mengeluarkan cahaya seperti bintang yang memancar.
		Ibn Juzayy: Telah dikatakan ia adalah di Syria, jadi ia tidak disebelah barat maupun disebelah timor.
	members.tripod.com /~suluk98/an-nur-35.html (3085 words)

	The Adventures of Ibn Battuta (Ross Dunn) - book review
		Ibn Battuta set off from Tangier in 1325, visiting Egypt, Mecca, Syria, Iraq, Anatolia, the Central Asian steppe, India, the Maldives and possibly China before returning home nearly twenty five years later.
		After additional trips to Spain and West Africa he settled down and his story was turned into a Rihla (travel narrative) by Ibn Juzayy.
		Because of a sad inclination among the inhabitants to engage in violent factional rows, coupled with the turmoil of the early Mongol years, the city was only beginning to recover some of its earlier vigor.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Ibn_Battuta.html (490 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Islam Symposium Part II: The Question of Individual Freedom by Jamie Glazov
		Ibn Kathir says that the verse I quoted above, Sura 9:5, "abrogated every agreement of peace between the Prophet and any idolater." Ibn Juzayy agrees that one of the functions of Sura 9:5 is "abrogating every peace treaty in the Qur’an." That means war is the Qur’an’s last word.
		Ibn Kathir, Ibn Juzayy, Von Denffer, and Patel are Muslim scholars: two medieval, two modern.
		And even Ibn Katheer whom you selectively quoted said in his interpretation that Muslims did not have any obligations to the idol worshippers after they broke the treaty with the Muslims by attacking them.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=6460 (5503 words)

	Muslim Scientists Part 2 - soccer24-7.com Forums
		bu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Battuta (February 24, 1304 to 1368 to 1377, year of death uncertain) was born in Tangier, Morocco during the time of Merinid Sultanate rule in the Islamic calendar year 703, into a Berber family.
		He is also sometimes known by the appellation Shams ad-Din, a title or honorific at times given to the names of scholars particularly in the Islamic East, meaning "the Sun of Religion".
		Crossing the Black Sea, Ibn Battuta landed in Caffa (now Feodosiya), in the Crimea, and entered the lands of the Golden Horde.
	www.soccer24-7.com /forum/showthread.php?t=89326 (2566 words)

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