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Topic: Ibn Khaldoun

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	Ibn Khaldoun
		Ibn Khaldoun's family was of the Tunisian elite, and he received a thorough education.
		Ibn Khaldoun's fame was so widespread even in his own days, that in 1400 he was received as an honoured guest with the Tatar ruler, Tamerlane.
		Ibn Khaldoun saw a strong connection between social change and the climate and the level of economic activity.
	i-cias.com /e.o/ibn_khal.htm (336 words)

	Literature of Morocco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The icon of Moroccan literature is Ibn Battuta (born 1304).
		Among the scholars who studied and taught there were Ibn Khaldoun, Ibn al-Khatib, al-Bitruji, Ibn Harazim, Ibn Maymoun (Maimonides) and Ibn Wazzan and possibly even pope Sylvester II, who introduced the Arabic numerals into Europe.
		Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Ibn Tufail, Ibn Zuhr and many more philosophers, poets and scholars found sanctuary and served the Almohad rulers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moroccan_literature (465 words)

	IBN KHALDUN
		Ibn Khaldun was an ambitious young man and at this point of his life he began to engage in court politics.
		Both Ibn Khaldun and Thucydides have been led by their study of history to a cyclical, rather than linear view of historical process; both have been led, in developing their concepts of human and political reality, to a qualified relativism, which affords them … a cautious but by no means pessimistic historical theodicy.
		Ibn Muflih was a Hanbali Qadi of Damascus.
	www.cis-ca.org /voices/k/khaldun_mn.htm (5447 words)

	Wharton Arabia
		Ibn Khaldoun, born 1332 in Tunis and died 1406 in Cairo, is one of the most important figures in Arab history.
		Ibn Khaldoun used an insightful empirical investigation to analyze and produce original economic thought.
		Ibn Khaldoun's influence and significance in the sciences of economics, history, sociology, politics, and education has remained paramount and principal to this day.
	clubs.wharton.upenn.edu /arabia/khaldoun.html (371 words)

	Maghreb Arabe Presse: Ibn Khaldoun expo inaugurated in Sevilla
		The expo coincides with the 600th anniversary of Ibn Khaldoun death in 1406 in Cairo.
		Ibn Khaldoun was an "exceptional" witness of his time and a "thinker proud of his Spanish and Andalusian origins," said King Juan Carlos at the inauguration ceremony.
		Ibn Khaldoun is viewed as one of the forerunners of modern historiography, sociology and economics.
	www.map.ma /eng/sections/culture/ibn_khaldoun_expo_in/view (280 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Scholar From Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ibn Khaldoun also held a cyclical theory of history, lie saw that states, like men, have their periods of youth, maturity and old age, and thought that the cycle lasted about 120 years in each case.
		Ibn Khaldoun quickly gained the confidence of the ruler and was successively appointed university professor, college president, judge and diplomat.
		Ibn Khaldoun died in office, as the Malekite judge of Cairo, at the age of 74.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/196605/the.scholar.from.algeria.htm (1702 words)

	Ibn Khaldun
		Ibn Khaldun introduced an archaic labor theory of value, believing labor to be a necessary and sufficient condition for value -- "gains and profits, in their entirety or for the most part, are value realized from human labour" (Khaldun, 1377: p.298).
		In a famous passage employing the logic of "supply-side" economics, Ibn Khaldun warned rulers not to hamper or engage in commerce themselves as, by twisting the incentives of private enterprise, it is "harmful to his subjects and ruinous to the tax revenue" (1377: p.232).
		Tax revenue, Ibn Khaldun claims, "can be improved only through the equitable treatment of people with property and regard for them, so that their hopes rise, and they have the incentive to start making their capital bear fruit and grow." (1377: p.234).
	cepa.newschool.edu /~het/profiles/khaldun.htm (1098 words)

	Dehia, the Kahina
		Moreover, it is traditionally accepted among the Imazighen themselves that she was Jewish, including in the Aures region, from which she hailed, according to Ibn Khaldoun's account.
		Some tales concerning the female warrior recount that her people were relative newcomers; others state they were descendants of the Jews, who had fled into the region to escape the Romans during the Cyrene massacres of the second century.
		Ibn Khaldoun states that she possessed the gift of prophecy and "never failed" to correctly foretell the future.
	www.amazighworld.org /history/personalities/dehia_the_kahina.php (509 words)

	IBN KHALDUN - His Life and Work
		Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunis on Ramadan 1, 732 (May 27, 1332)[2].
		Ibn Tafrakin, the ruler of Tunis, called Ibn Khaldun to be the seal bearer of his captive Sultan Abu lshaq.
		Ibn Khaldun was an ambitious young man and at this point of his life, he would begin to engage in court politics.
	www.muslimphilosophy.com /ik/klf.htm (3081 words)

	Books page
		The Ibn Khaldoun Center, established by Dr. Saad Eldeen Ibraheem, the famous professor of sociology, to promote secular values, published this book to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the Center and the eight centuries since the death of Ibn Khaldoun.
		The suggestions for the religious courses made by the Ibn Khaldoun are a result of an agreement between the leaders of the Jews and the Vatican.
		The forum of Ibn Khaldoun has discussed some of the Sheeahs issues which are not acceptable by the Sunna trend, they were controversial sessions, Akidaty wrote on May,18,1999, [A quarrel in the center of Ibn ‘Zion’ about the enjoyment marriage] “of the Sheeah”.
	arabtimes.com /Mixed7/doc68.html (9219 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Culture \| Plain talk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ibn Khaldoun (1332-1406) is regarded as the greatest Arab historian, and the first ever to develop a "scientific" method not based on religious doctrine.
		But Ibn Khaldoun went beyond history, inventing a hitherto undiscovered discipline he called Ilm Al- Umran, the science of society, which is thought to be the principal precursor to sociology.
		Ibn Khaldoun, it is worth noting as an aside, loved Egypt, where he spent his later years and died.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/564/cu3.htm (515 words)

	Amending Egyptian Constitution
		The Ibn Khaldoun Forum meetings continued for finding a way for reforms, and as a result, the center and the gallery were the subject of orchestrated attacks by the media and the government, that continued till now.
		Ibn Khaldoun Center took the initiative of calling for the formation of this commission to be made up from activist Egyptian figures.
		Elections with no winners." Later, Ibn Khaldoun Center held several seminars in which Egyptian figures who did not succeed in elections gave their testimonies based on what they have seen in reality.
	www.islamicpluralism.org /texts/2005t/amendingegyptian.htm (7336 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Home News \| Prominent NGO figure arrested (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At 10.30 pm last Friday, Saadeddin Ibrahim, an AUC sociology professor and director of the Ibn Khaldoun Centre for Developmental Studies, was arrested at his home in the southern Cairo suburb of Maadi for allegedly receiving foreign funding with the intention of smearing Egypt's image.
		The Ibn Khaldoun Centre was registered as a non-profit civil company but had applied for registration under the now-annulled NGO law.
		The source added that the funding they gave to the Ibn Khaldoun Centre was through the Meda-Democracy Programme, a project intended to raise awareness of the importance of participation in elections among young people and marginalised groups.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/489/eg7.htm (1459 words)

	Ziryab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Zyriab.
		Abu l-Hasan ‘Ali Ibn Nafi‘ (Persian and Arabic: أبو الحسن علي ابن نافع)(c.
		The Muqaddima of Ibn Khaldoun, Chapter V, part 31, "The craft of singing."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abul-Hasan_Ali_Ibn_Nafi (387 words)

	IBN KHALDUN
		Thus Ibn khaldun's thought is often interpreted, particularly in recent years, in the spirit of dialectical materialism.
		The idea is to identify psychological, economic, environmental and social factors that contribute to the advancement of human civilization and the currents of history.
		In this context Yemenite historian and sociologist, Ibn Khaldun analyzed the dynamics of group relationships and showed how group-feelings, al-'Asabiyya, give rise to the ascent of a new civilization and political power and how, later on, its diffusion into a more general civilization invites the advent of a still new 'Asabiyya in its pristine form.
	virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us /smithaj/ibn_khaldun.htm (1008 words)

	Economics and Sociology (Ibn Khaldun on the Web) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ibn Khaldun, father of Economics by Ibrahim M. Oweiss.
		The flaw in their thinking is that Ibn Khaldun can hardly be said to father a discipline whose later developers were ignorant of his efforts.
		Ibn Khaldun, father of Economics by M. Laeeq-ur-Rehman Khan.
	www.isidore-of-seville.com /ibnkhaldun/4.html (336 words)

	Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Title: Ibn Khaldun's philosophy of history: a study in the philosophic foundation of the science of culture.
		Author: Fischel, Walter Joseph, 1902- Title: Ibn Khaldun in Egypt; his public functions and his historical research, 1382-1406; a study in Islamic historiography [by] Walter J. Fischel.
		Heading: Ibn Khaldun, 1332-1406 References: Ibn Chaldun, 1332-1406 Aben Jaldbun, 1332-1406 Ibn Jaldeun, 1332-1406 0Abd al-Rarhmean ibn Murhammad, 1332-1406 Ibn sHaldeun, 1332-1406 Khaldun, Ibn, 1332-1406 Ibn Khaldoun, 1332-1406 Ibn Khaldun, 0Abd al-Rarhmean, 1332-1406 Ibnu Khaldun, 1332-1406 gIbni Haldun, 1332-1406 Notes: Ignatenko, A. Ibn-Khal'dun, 1980: t.p.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~mcneil/cit/citlckhaldun1.htm (1074 words)

	Events
		But part of that malaise, part of that feeling of humiliation, is due to lack of fair debate, lack of fair and honest information, lack of fair and honest media to tell our people the truth about the world, the truth about their own rulers, the truth about the problems they have been living through.
		And, as I said, that triumph is not just a personal triumph or even an institutional triumph for Ibn Khaldoun, but it was a triumph of the agenda, a triumph of what the world now has discovered is the only alternative to the Saddam Husseins, to Bin Laden, [which] is democracy.
		We define—among many of the definitions we have adopted in Ibn Khaldoun is that civil society is a space of freedom for people to meet, to work together, to express themselves, to organize, to pursue their interests.
	www.ned.org /events/articles/may1503.html (2416 words)

	[No title]
		Ibrahim, a dual U.S.-Egyptian citizen, is a respected academic, the director of the Ibn Khaldoun Center, and a favorite of international donors.
		The Ibn Khaldoun Center has been a thorn in the Egyptian regime’s side since the radical Islamist threat receded in the mid-to-late 1990s, when it and similar organizations began to focus more on the government’s lack of democratic reform than on Islamist extremist violence.
		Egyptians are generally either unaware of the Ibn Khaldoun Center’s work (such NGOs are sometimes faulted for neglecting the concerns of ordinary citizens), or regard figures like Dr. Ibrahim with suspicion due to his ties to the United States and the European Union.
	www.washingtoninstitute.org /templateC05.php?CID=1381 (1327 words)

	[Islam-Online- Top News]
		Saa'd El Din Ibraheem, Professor of Political Sociology at the American University in Cairo and Director of the Ibn Khaldoun Center for Developmental Studies, was arrested early Saturday morning.
		The Ibn Khaldoun center was established in 1985.
		Two of Ibraheem's colleagues at the Ibn Khaldoun Center, financial director Nadia Abdel Nur and employee Osama Hamed, were also arrested for questioning Ibraheem's arrest, but prosecutors have not yet indicated whether charges would be brought against them.
	www.islamonline.net /IOL-English/dowalia/news-2000-July-02/topnews3.asp (410 words)

	Welcome to Tunisia Online News Updates : The latest news from Tunisia.
		He also noted that Ibn Khaldun expresses “the very essence of Tunisian culture which is attached to innovation and creation and proceeds from a scientific approach in the analysis of social mutations “.
		Several events have been scheduled this year in Tunisia on the occasion of the 600 th anniversary of the death of Ibn Khaldun, a historian (1332-1406) who is considered by many as the father of modern sociology and economics.
		New publications on Ibn Khaldoun will be presented to the public and a rotating archaeological exhibit has been planned first at the Ibn Khaldun House of Culture in Tunis, in April, and later in other locations including the oncoming annual Tunis bookfair.
	www.tunisiaonlinenews.com /mars06/130306-1.html (561 words)

	Al-Jarida.net--Voltaire and Ibn Khaldoun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Doubtless that this discountinuity has contributed to the attitute espoused by Europeans and many educated Moroccans that this Arabo-Islamic heritage, is not relevant to the modern times and at any rates was largely superseeded by European scientific, technical and literary output during the last five hundred years and counting.
		Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd on Thomas Aquinas, Hafiz on Goethe, Ibn Arabi on Spinoza and Dante; and Arabic/Persian poetry on Montesquieu and Victor Hugo.
		Ibn Nafis was the first to discover the blood circulation and not William Harvey.
	www.al-jarida.net /Magazine/page13.html (1151 words)

	Freedom Now
		Freedom Now was retained to represent Dr. Saad Eddin Ibrahim, an internationally renowned sociologist and advocate of democracy and human rights, who is a professor at the American University in Cairo and the Director of the Ibn Khaldoun Center, a non-governmental research organization.
		On February 6, 2002 - after more than 300 days in prison - Dr. Ibrahim and the five other jailed Ibn Khaldoun defendants were ordered released by Egypt's highest appeals court.
		Finally, as of Tuesday, March 18, 2003, Dr. Ibrahim is a free man. After hearing this last verdict, he cried out "Thank God!, Thank God!" and the courtroom erupted in shouts of joy.
	www.freedom-now.org /saad.php (705 words)

	09288 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Also given prison terms were more than two dozen employees of his Ibn Khaldoun [ihb-n khahl-DOON] Center for Development Studies.
		Until the Egyptian government shut down the center last June, it was one of the most important human rights groups in the Middle East.
		His arrest last June came after the Ibn Khaldoun Center produced a film as part of its voter education program for parliamentary elections that were held last fall.
	www.ibb.gov /editorials/09288.htm (324 words)

	EUROPA - Rapid - Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The European Union expresses its surprise at the hasty manner in which the ruling was delivered which may question the respect for due process in the trial.
		The Ibn Khaldoun Centre and the Hoda Association have - on the basis of duly signed contracts - received project funds worth a total of EURO 315.000 from the European Commission.
		On the basis of independent audits, there is no evidence of the alleged falsification of documents which seem to have been central to the case for the prosecution.
	www.europa.eu.int /rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=PESC/02/100\|0\|RAPID&lg=EN&display (328 words)

	Seville : Prince takes part in inaugural ceremony of Ibn Khaldoun exhibition :: moroccoTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The exhibition celebrates the 600th anniversary of the death of Ibn Khaldoun, in 1406 in Cairo.
		“Ibn Khaldoun was an exceptional witness of his century and a renowned thinker proud of his Spanish and Andalusian origins,” affirmed King Juan Carlos at the inaugural ceremony.
		Ibn Khaldoun was well known for the various offices he held under the rulers of Tunis and Morocco.
	www.moroccotimes.com /paper/article.asp?idr=49&id=14886 (925 words)

	Tunisian Community Center - Ibn Khaldun Institute
		The Ibn Khaldun Institute is an entity operating within the Tunisian Community Center.
		The Ibn Khaldun Institute values the honesty, probity, intellectual and professional achievements of its members as well as their sense of social responsibility.
		The objectives of the Ibn Khaldun Institute are to:
	www.tunisiancommunity.org /content/section/5/27 (468 words)

	10042 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Also given prison terms were eighteen employees of his Ibn Khaldoun [ihb-n khahl-DOON] Center for Development Studies.
		Until the Egyptian government shut down the Ibn Khaldoun center two years ago, it was one of the most important organizations calling for greater democracy and human rights in the Middle East.
		The arrests of Professor Ibrahim and his colleagues in June 2000 came after the center produced a film aimed at educating voters for Egypt’s parliamentary elections later that year.
	www.ibb.gov /editorials/10042.htm (325 words)

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