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Topic: Ibrahim Muteferrika

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1742

	Saudi Aramco World : Arabic and the Art of Printing: A Special Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Born about 1674, Ibrahim Muteferrika was an extraordinary combination of soldier, scholar, diplomat and writer who, as a child, may have witnessed the long disconsolate retreat of the great Ottoman army from its unsuccessful siege of Vienna-the inescapable sign of the decline in Ottoman military might.
		Ibrahim goes on to list his specific aims: Arabic is the language of science; Turkish speakers need good dictionaries to acquire the language; printing can produce such dictionaries, as well as works on astronomy philosophy, history and geography cheaply and exactly.
		The great complaint leveled by Ibrahim Muteferrika against the productions of the Medici Press was that the Arabic type was inelegant; he was referring to the restricted number of basic letter forms which gave the page a mechanical look inconsistent with the canons of Arabic calligraphy.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198102/arabic.and.the.art.of.printing-a.special.section.htm (11912 words)

	1727. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Relaxation of the official ban on printing in Turkish, giving permission for the establishment of a Turkish press and the printing of books on subjects other than religion.
		Ibrahim Muteferrika (1674–1745), a Hungarian convert to Islam, directed the press, which published 17 books by the time of his death, when it was closed down.
		Patrona Halil and his men went on a rampage, destroying the palaces of the wealthy and killing many before being executed by the authorities.
	www.bartleby.com /67/807.html (695 words)

	Islamica Community Forums - Article - Islam and the New Millenium
		Muteferrika was a sincere convert, describing his background and religious beliefs in a book which he called Risale-yi Islamiyye.
		Ibrahim Muteferrika's warnings about the rise of European civilisation were slowly heeded, and the Ottoman state set about the controversial business of modernizing itself, while attempting to preserve what was essential to its Islamic identity.
		Muteferrika's story reminds us that unless Muslims are conscious of the global trends of their age, they will continue to be losers.
	www.islamicaweb.com /forums/showthread.php?t=25389 (6979 words)

	Lewis. Emergence of Modern Turkey
		Already before the revolt Ibrahim Muteferrika, the director of the printing press, had presented a memorandum to Ibrahim Pasa; at the beginning of 1732 he printed it, and presented it to the new Sultan Mahmud I (1730-54).
		Ibrahim, himself a convert, was careful to speak with proper disgust and contempt of the Frankish infidels, but at the same time makes clear the superiority of the Frankish armies, and the importance for the Ottomans of imitating them.
		Ibrahim was of Hungarian origin, and had been a student in the Unitarian seminary in Kolosvar.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/lewis2.html (9956 words)

	Ottoman and Persian Empires 1730-1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Ibrahim left, and Muhammad 'Ali's nephew Ahmad Shukri became governor of Arabia.
		Ibrahim led an Egyptian invasion of Syria and Anatolia that took over Gaza, Jerusalem, Acre, Damascus, Aleppo, and Konya in 1832, and he was ready to march on Istanbul.
		Ibrahim Shinasi had been a student at Paris during the revolution of 1848; he edited a newspaper in Istanbul and wrote poems and plays.
	www.san.beck.org /1-11-Ottoman1730-1875.html (14230 words)

	THE TURKS IN THE HISTORY
		Kosem Mahpeyker, mother of Murad IV and of Ibrahim, and Hadice Turhan, mother of Mehmed IV, were effectively the real rulers of the Ottoman State for considerable periods.
		The most important innovation was the establishment of the first Turkish printing press in 1724 by Ibrahim Muteferrika, originally a Hungarian; the ulema agreed to sanction it if secular works alone were printed.
		Grand Vezir Ibrahim was sacrificed to the mob, and Ahmed III abdicated.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~kagano/turks.htm (12193 words)

	Turkish Graphic Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ibrahim Muteferrika printed three maps and sixteen books between 1729 and 1745.
		The only reason of the late development of two hundred years after Gutenberg of printing in our country was the unbelievable crowdedness of pieces constituting a case and not religious constraints as some still claim.
		After the printing house of Muteferrika, Muhendishane Basimevi was built at Haskoy in 1796 and Dar-ut-tibaa at Uskudar in 1802.
	sanat.bilkent.edu.tr /interactive.m2.org/Graphic/maden.html (1190 words)

	Recently printed commemorative stamps 'Sahaflar Carsisi,' a cultural center Ankara City Guide Izmir City Guide Fast, ...
		At the same time a bust of Ibrahim Muteferrika (1670- 1745), founder of the first Turkish printing works in 1728, was erected in the courtyard.
		Ibrahim Muteferrika a Hungarian convert, (1674-1745), was chosen to build and operate the Ottoman Turkish printing press.
		Thus Muteferrika was free to print whatever he wanted on history, languages, mathematics, geography and the sciences.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=18086 (5079 words)

	Ottoman and Persian Empires 1300-1730 by Sanderson Beck
		After this revolt was suppressed by the Ottoman forces, grand vizier Ibrahim implemented extensive administrative reforms by 1525 that established Ottoman government in Egypt that would last nearly three centuries.
		Ibrahim, a Christian, was suspected of disrespecting the Qur'an, plotting with the French, and was resented for his enormous wealth.
		Damad Ibrahim was grand vizier (1718-30) in the "era of tulips" when Ahmed III settled down to enjoy music and decorative arts.
	san.beck.org /1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html (18048 words)

	Abstract Gottfried Hagen
		A major shift took place in the late 17th and early 18th century when central elements of the nizam-i alem concept were modified.
		Still authors like Ibrahim Muteferrika used it to express new views in old terms.
		Though on the practical level the notions of order, justice, and oppression could theoretically be linked to attempts to negotiate legitimacy for welfare in interaction with the subjects the ideas analysed here treat the subjects as merely passive objects.
	web.uni-bamberg.de /~ba4ts1/archiv/arc01/auleg/abs_hagen.htm (751 words)

	What is Islam? (M. E. Cosan)
		Ibrahim-i Mutererrika describes his own life in that book.
		Muteferrika was a high rank in the Ottoman palace for the technical personnel who is also skilled in art.
		Ibrahim-i Muteferrika used to work in the palace, elevated to the rank of Muteferrika and above.
	gumushkhanawidargah.8m.com /whatisislam.html (8804 words)

	:: >> Kemalisturk.com << :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the 16th century Aloysius Gritti, son of a Doge of Venice became a favourite of the Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha and his principal intermediary in negotiations with European ambassadors.
		Constantinople was also an asylum for Polish and Hungarian refuges from the expanding Russian and Austrian empires.
		In 1726 the first Turkish printing press was founded in Constantinople by a Hungarian renegade called Ibrahim Muteferrika.
	www.kemalisturk.com /english/istanbul/renegades.htm (304 words)

	[Turkey] Near East Collections: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress - African & Middle Eastern Division)
		Ibrahim Muteferrika published Abu Nasr Ismail al-Jawhari's Vankulu Lugati (Vankulu's dictionary) in Istanbul in 1729.
		The first book printed by Muslims making use of movable type, this Arabicto- Ottoman Turkish dictionary opens with a depiction of the impressive Ottoman imperial order issued by Sultan Ahmet III, which allowed the establishment of Muteferrika's influential and highly regarded publishing house.
		Other early publications include a number of the important and rare books printed by Ibrahim Muteferikka during the 1730s as well as works from the press of the Imperial Engineering School.
	www.loc.gov /rr/amed/guide/nes-turkey.html (1364 words)

	AHMED III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For the first time the Ottoman Empire sent temporary ambassadors to Europe and first print-house was established by Ibrahim Muteferrika and the son of the Paris Ambassador Sait Efendi (16
		The leader of the Tulip Period Ibrahim Pasha and many statesmen were executed.
		Beside these, Yeni Valide Mosque in Uskudar, Corlulu Ali Pasha Medrese (school), Damat Ibrahim Pasha Mosque and Complex, Hospice, the Fountain in Ortakoy were built in his period.
	www.sevgi.k12.tr /~ottomanempire/ingosmanli/Sultans/ucuncu_ahmet_government.htm (805 words)

	:..::. Museum Of Architecture ..:::.:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 1950 his work “Abstract Sculpture” was created as a result of research into abstract art.
		In 1949 he had gone to Paris on the money he made from the busts of “Sinasi “ and “Ibrahim Muteferrika” for the Ankara Press and Broadcasting Association.
		He stayed there for one year and met the pioneers of the post-war movement and those who worked on contemporary classic sculpture.
	www.archmuseum.org /biyografi.asp?id=57 (1974 words)

	Letter From Istanbul; Death to the Crusaders - New York Times
		IN a quiet courtyard near Istanbul's Grand Bazaar, patient merchants smoke unfiltered cigarettes and tend their stalls in the Secondhand Book Bazaar, or Sahaflar Carsisi.
		On this site, once the publishing center of the Ottoman Empire, customers have been buying manuscripts for 500 years, and books since 1732, after Ibrahim Muteferrika, an Ottoman diplomat, set up a printing press in Constantinople.
		A bust in the courtyard honors him, even though his improvements came over the objections of the scribes and illuminators who dominated the information industry of the day.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9801EFD81231F93BA2575AC0A9639C8B63 (728 words)

	CCL : Collection Highlights
		Magister and students, from an early German illustrated book (1519) giving particulars about how to correctly prepare documents addressed to nobles and clergy.
		In Turkish, Description of the India of the West according to recent discoveries printed in Istanbul in 1730 by Ibrahim Muteferrika.
		England, 18th century Cards and other teaching materials together with explanatory text entitled The Art of Teaching in Sport London, 1785.
	www.princeton.edu /~cotsen/research/collection_highlights_low.html (363 words)

	Turkish Press-Adiyamanli.org
		Jews who had fled persecution in Spain brought it to Turkey in 1494.
		With the permission of Sultan Ahmet III, Ibrahim Muteferrika and Yirmisekiz Celebizade Sait Efendi established the first Turkish printing house on December 14, 1727.
		The first Turkish book to be printed was the Kitabi-i Lugat Vankulu in 1729.
	www.adiyamanli.org /r_press.htm (692 words)

	Mavi Boncuk Archives: September 2005
		These are among the mainstream and better educated Shiites, who are supportive of the U.S.-appointed interim government with a view to enabling it to organize the planned elections on a timely basis.
		Despite his Shiite identity, his visit to the south of the country in the middle of September 2004, was received with indifference.[42] Allawi’s selection as Prime Minister during the transition was another miscalculation made by American policy makers.
		Military strategists in Washington contended that in the absence of decisive military victory, it would be impossible to draw the opposition to the political process ahead of the January 2005 elections.
	mbarchives.blogspot.com /2005_09_01_mbarchives_archive.html (12853 words)

	News of the Voyages (Memory): American Treasures of the Library of Congress
		In 1583, Mehmet Efendi produced a summary of these voyages entitled Kitab Iklimi Cedit (The Book of the New World).
		Ibrahim Müteferrika updated and republished the work in 1730.
		This rare volume is the first text about the Americas printed by Muslims and the first illustrated book printed in the Islamic world.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/treasures/trm123.html (141 words)

	The Tulip Period blooms anew in Istanbul
		Istanbul's first fire brigade was established in this period as well as its maiden printing press, operated by Ibrahim Muteferrika, along with tile, textile and paper factories.
		The tulip decorated the coins of the period, which also saw completion of such masterpieces as the Emetullah Gulnus Valide Mosque, the Ahmet III fountain, the Uskudar fountain, the Ahmet III Library and the Damat Ibrahim Pasa complex (Kulliye).
		The Ottomans had suffered a defeat at the gates of Vienna and were forced to sign the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz.
	www.tmcnet.com /usubmit/2006/04/18/1580419.htm (1025 words)

	Emerging Nationalims
		A few individuals bothered for the first time to learn French.
		Among numerous Western-inspired reforms, the most notable was the establishment of a printing press on the initiative of Ibrahim Muteferrika, a Hungarian convert to Islam.
		A ruling from the shaykh al-Islam approved this innovation, but only on the condition that books on religion be excluded from such reproduction.
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /ottoman/module3/lecture2.htm (1850 words)

	Printing House Just As Important as a Mint Government at Crossroads - Turkish Daily News Apr 02, 2000
		Dikici, who has the largest share in the company, talks about the development of printing management in Turkey.
		"Printing came to Turkey with printer Ibrahim Muteferrika long after Gutenberg's printing press.
		But although it is a vital function, it has not been given much importance for many years.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=16747 (2318 words)

	NURLODGE 2000
		The history of Turkish Freemasonry goes back to 18'h.
		Century and the first recorded Freemasons were Humbaraci Ahmet Pasha, Ibrahim Muteferrika Mehmet Sait Pasha (Grand Vezir).
		From 1730 a number of Turkish ambassadors and dignitaries became Masons either in Turkey or in Europe and many lodges were established by foreign jurisdictions in Turkey.
	www.nurlodge.org (423 words)

	Kronos: 1700-1859
		Pre-fight training included a trip to a female diviner to determine auspicious days for the match.
		A Magyar apostate named Ibrahim Muteferrika introduces printing presses into the Ottoman Empire.
		The texts produced on these presses discussed military and political developments rather than religion.
	ejmas.com /kronos/NewHist1700-1859.htm (19137 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards >> Forums >> Open Discussion >> Your thoughts on the Danish cartoons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		What if it did not possess the satellite channels, the radio stations, the printing press?
		Indeed, for so long the world of Islam resisted the printing press, which finally came to it from Ibrahim Muteferrika, the Hungarian Jewish convert, in 1729 -- several centuries after Gutenberg had helped transform the West.
		In that case, we would not have on record all those examples of "hate speech" that Scott McClellan refers to.
	peakoil.com /fortopic17220.html (2478 words)

	Papuaweb: Maps of "New Guinea" in the NLA and KITLV (Irian Jaya, West Papua, Netherlands New Guinea, Nederlands ...
		New Guinea] [cartographic material] / Haci Halife Mustafa Bin Abdullah.
		1:16 500 000] Publisher: [Constantinople : Ibrahim Muteferrika, 1732] Description: 1 map ; 15.4 x 19.2 cm.
		Atlas begun by Katib Celebi in 1648 and completed by Ibrahim Muteferrika in 1732.
	www.papuaweb.org /gb/peta/misc/nla-050301-maps-new-guinea.htm (8018 words)

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