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	Ice dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		About 13,000 years ago, the Cordilleran ice sheet crept southward into the Idaho Panhandle, forming a large ice dam about 13,000 years ago that blocked the mouth of the Clark Fork River, creating a massive lake 2000 feet deep and containing more than 500 cubic miles of water.
		The water behind the ice dam then rises and often to such a height that it breaks the levees that contain the flow of the river and creates disastrous floods.
		Ice dams sometimes form on the Hwang Ho, and in rivers in Siberia and the Canadian Arctic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ice_dam (443 words)

	Ice Dams
		An ice dam is a ridge of ice that forms at the edge of a roof and prevents melting snow (water) from draining off the roof.
		The dam grows as it is fed by the melting snow above it, but it will limit itself to the portions of the roof that are on the average below 32°F. So the water above backs up behind the ice dam and remains a liquid.
		Since most ice dams form at the edge of the roof, there is obviously a heat source warming the roof elsewhere.
	www.colonialconstruct.com /ice_dams.htm (1184 words)

	The art of ice dam removal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An ice dam is a wall of ice that forms at the edge of the roof, usually at the gutters or soffit.
		Ice dams are usually caused by heavy snowfall and improper ventilation in the attic.
		Performing ice dam removal is risking severe personal injury and damage to the roof if not done properly.
	www.brocktonmass.org /news/publish/000202.shtml (702 words)

	Mike Priebe Roofing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ice Dam: a mass of ice formed at the transition from a warm to a cold roof surface, frequently formed by refreezing meltwater at the overhang of a roof, causing ice and water to back up under roofing materials.
		Ice and Water Shield is a tough, pliable sheet membrane designed to help prevent moisture penetration and interior damage when ice dam buildup causes water to back up during the winter season, and helps protect against wind driven rain.
		When trapped by layers of ice and snow, the water is forced up and under the shingles, over and around flashings and valleys, and behind the siding of sidewalls; leaving it to drain through the ceiling of your home.
	users.adelphia.net /~prieberoofing/iceshield.htm (1372 words)

	Ice Dam FAQ
		Ice dams are formed when the gutter system becomes filled with moisture which, when frozen, forms a "dam" at the eave of the roof.
		Ice dam related leaks occur when warm, heated air from the home begins to migrate through the insulation and into the attic area of the house.
		Ice dam related leaks are caused simply because the water could not escape from the shingled roof area.
	www.franzoso.com /gaf/icedams.htm (878 words)

	Ice Dams Hot Tips for Preventing Cold Weather Damage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Two types of attic water damage are common in cold climates: ice dams and condensation of water vapor on cold surfaces in the attic.
		Ice dams sometimes occur on sloping roofs in climates with extended below freezing temperatures combined with several inches of snow.
		Ice dams and attic condensation are caused by heat and moisture entering the attic.
	www.statefarm.com /consumer/icedams.htm (2219 words)

	Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Jammed up at an elbow in the creek's channel visible from the road, the ice dam is close to 40 feet wide and is threatening to take out the Grouse Creek bridge once it starts breaking loose.
		Once the ice mass starts heading downstream, he'll fire up his cat, position its shovel over the bridge in case he needs to break up clogged chunks of ice or branches.
		He was around the last time when ice crushed into the bridge and high runoff from melting snow caused flooding in nearby homes.
	www.bonnercountydailybee.com /articles/2005/01/22/news/news01.prt (602 words)

	Preventing Ice Dams - Publications - BM&WT - UMass Amherst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Three things are required for an ice dam to form: snow, heat to melt the snow and cold to refreeze the melted snow into solid ice.
		Ice dams can form when as little as 1 or 2 inches of snow accumulates on a roof - if the snowfall is followed by several days of sub-freezing temperatures.
		Ice dams develop as snow on the upper part of the roof melts.
	www.umass.edu /bmatwt/publications/articles/ice_dams.html (2240 words)

	Natural Handyman's Ice Dam Page
		Ice dams can be nightmares, potentially causing extensive water damage to their victim's homes.
		Since we have determined the main cause of ice dams to be an overly warm attic, a good start in inoculating your home against ice dams is to reduce the attic temperature.
		Install ice and water barrier across the area to be flashed, and cover all exposed underlayment with it.
	www.naturalhandyman.com /iip/infxtra/infdam.shtm (2105 words)

	Twin Cities Bungalow Club: Newsletter
		Those few extra degrees of heat, coupled with the right weather conditions, were all it took to produce ice dams on both sides of the roof.
		It was a classic recipe for ice dams: too little insulation and very little air circulation under the roof deck to keep it cool.
		Ice dams form when the upper portions of a roof heat up under a blanket of snow.
	www.bungalowclub.org /icedam.html (774 words)

	Facts on Ice Dams
		An ice dam is a ridge of ice that forms at the lower edge of a roof and prevents water produced by melting snow from draining off the roof.
		The dam grows as it is fed by the melting snow above it, but it will limit itself to the portions of the roof that are, on the average, below 32 degrees F. So the water above backs up behind the ice dam and remains a liquid.
		Since most ice dams form at the lower edge of the roof, there is obviously a heat source warming the roof elsewhere.
	www.umext.maine.edu /emergency/9016.htm (1319 words)

	Removing Ice from Roofs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The ice storm that hit eastern Canada in January, 1998 was a laboratory for concentrated research into severe ice accumulation on roofs.
		The first line of defence against ice dams is to reduce the attic temperature by stopping air leaks from the house below and adding sufficient insulation to the attic floor.
		Ice thickness and weight of ice can be reduced with de-icers such as urea or even wood ashes.
	www.north-rthn.org /FactSheets/CE15.htm (2501 words)

	Missoula Floods -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The floods were the result of the periodic sudden rupture of the ice dam on the (additional info and facts about Clark Fork River) Clark Fork River that created (additional info and facts about Glacial Lake Missoula) Glacial Lake Missoula.
		Geologists estimate that the cycle of flooding and reformation of the lake lasted on average of 55 years and that the floods occurred approximately 40 times over the 2,000 year period between 15,000 and 13,000 years ago.
		Bretz, however was not able to explain the source of the huge volume of water and his hypothesis was controversial, partly due to the popularity at that time of the dogma of (additional info and facts about uniformitarianism) uniformitarianism in geologic processes.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/missoula_floods.htm (313 words)

	Damn! Ice dam! - Advice from experienced roofers on dealing with this cold weather problem - Oldhouseweb.com
		Ice dams are literally dam-like buildups of ice on a roof.
		Every time there are ice dams here, people end up getting injured, damaging their roof, or just wasting their money because they address the problem in inappropriate ways.
		Ice dam prevention is best achieved by addressing attic insulation and attic ventilation and by using good re-roofing practices.
	www.oldhouseweb.com /stories/Detailed/12227.shtml (1879 words)

	Ice dam clogs Root River; wastewater treatment plant disabled
		The Root River was an immobile river of ice on Sunday and Monday, Feb. 6-7.
		Snowmelt from a stretch of unseasonably warm weather, combined with steady rain on Sunday, caused water to rise and ice to jam under bridges in the city and further downstream at Highway 26.
		The ice dam and flood also created problems at the city’s wastewater treatment plant.
	www.hometownsource.com /2005/February/14icebergs.html (539 words)

	Ice dam damage can bring down the house - 01/21/04
		After the dam melts, use a roof rake to clear the rest of the snow from the roof.
		Ice dams are just starting their malicious cycle in Metro Detroit, born on a warm day and fed by the the constant inch-here, inch-there snowy weather of the past few weeks.
		Smith was referring to a popular cure for ice dams: filling the legs of old panty hose with potassium chloride like sausages, and laying them along an ice dam on the roof or atop an ice-blocked gutter.
	www.detnews.com /2004/homeimprovement/0401/21/b01-41692.htm (934 words)

	Minimize damage from this year's ice dams and prepare for next winter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An ice dam is a ridge of ice developing at the edge of a roof which prevents melting snow from draining off the roof.
		Ice dams are caused by non-uniform roof surface temperatures.
		The ice dam can be removed from the house but places the roof and the remover at tremendous risk.
	www.extension.umn.edu /extensionnews/1997/JN1039.html (553 words)

	Home Solutions: Ice Dams : ENERGY STAR
		Ice dams usually occur after a heavy snowfall and several days of freezing temperatures.
		The overhang tends to be at the same temperature as the outdoors and the melted water will refreeze and form an ice dam and icicles.
		The ice dam can cause damage to the roof, which will result in water leaks to the inside.
	www.energystar.gov /index.cfm?c=home_solutions.hm_improvement_icedams (334 words)

	FOAM-TECH: Case Studies - Ice Dam Remediation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The testing, performed on four typical units, was commissioned by the Owner’s Association to prove the feasibility of preventing ice dam formation without replacing all of the existing roofs and to determine the costs of this approach.
		Ice dam formation is one of the predominate problems for buildings in cold climates.
		Systems for limiting damage and preventing the intrusion of water from ice dams into the building envelope can be successful, but are often more expensive, and do not improve the energy performance of the structures.
	www.foamtechvt.com /case_studies/ice_dam_toc.htm (363 words)

	CVO Website - Glacial Lake Missoula
		This towering mass of water and ice literally shook the ground as it thundered towards the Pacific Ocean, stripping away thick soils and cutting deep canyons in the underlying bedrock.
		During the Pleistocene Epoch Ice Age, beginning about 2.5 million years ago, virtually all of southwestern Canada was repeatedly glaciated by ice sheets that also covered much of Alaska, northern Washington, Idaho, Montana, and the rest of northern United States.
		At the end of the last Ice Age, a finger of the Cordilleran ice sheet crept southward into the Idaho panhandle, forming a large ice dam that blocked the mouth of the Clark Fork River, creating a massive lake 2000 feet deep and containing more than 500 cubic miles of water.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Glossary/Glaciers/IceSheets/description_lake_missoula.html (4100 words)

	Handyman USA - Ice Dams
		An ice dam is a build up of ice at the edge of the roof.
		An Ice Belt is Metal flashing installed all the way along the eaves and extends to the area of the roof above the attic.
		Heat tracing can be run along the eaves that you can turn on should an an ice dam begin to form which will melt the snow and ice on the eaves, eliminating the ice dam.
	www.handymanusa.com /articles/icedams.html (1236 words)

	ESA Portal - Patagonian ice dam studied from space cracks open
		Water from melting glaciers and running down from mountain drains into the trapped section of lake: its height rose by eight metres in the last five months; at the time of the fracture the rate of increase was ten centimetres a day.
		Sightseers flocked to watch the ice dam give way, a sight which some had feared might never be seen this century due to global warming.
		Eight kilometres up from the glacier front we measured the ice thickness at 750 metres, whereas at the calving front it is only 160 metres thick.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/SEM2OFX5WRD_index_2.html (656 words)

	Ice Dam Prevention and Roof Repairs - FREE ESTIMATES!
		An ice dam is a ridge of ice that forms at the edge of a roof and prevents melting snow (water) from draining
		For ice dams to form, there must be snow on the roof and higher portions of the roof's outside surface must
		Ice dams may be unavoidable if your home has recessed lighting near the roof.
	www.roofer911.com /ice_dam_prevention_and_repairs.htm (608 words)

	How to make a $20 Ice Dam Remover
		Next, after ALL the ice from the gutter to the roofline is melted, then adjust the nozzle to a slow, very fine spray and "hang" the hose on top of the protruding "ice dam" and go in the house and have a cup of coffee.
		This is view of the "working end" of the "Ice Dam Melter." It shows the "grappling hook-type end" made from a set of nylon "bicycle hangers" (for use in your garage) taped to the top of a painting "extension pole" and the end of a garden hose.
		Note: The December Ice Dam was "broken" using the above techniques, but the residue of the 12-15 inch wide "break" remains, with icicles forming below it.
	members.fortunecity.com /buchta/IceDam (611 words)

	Ice Harbor Lock and Dam--Lake Sacajawea
		AUTHORIZATION: The Ice Harbor Project was authorized by Section 2 of the River and Harbor Act of 1945 (Public Law 79-14, 79th Congress, 1st Session), and was approved March 2, 1945, in accordance with House Document 704, 75th Congress, 3d Session.
		Ice Harbor Lock and Dam-Lake Sacajawea is Unit 1 of 4 included in the "Lower Snake River Project, Washington, and Idaho"
		Ice Harbor Dam (150 dpi) (75 dpi): The dam is 2,822 feet long, with an effective height of 100 feet.
	www.nww.usace.army.mil /html/pub/pi/navigation/icehar.htm (423 words)

	Ice Age Floods Institute: Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the last Ice Age (18,000 to 12,000 years ago), and in multiple previous Ice Ages, cataclysmic floods inundated portions of the Pacific Northwest from Glacial Lake Missoula, pluvial Lake Bonneville, and perhaps from subglacial outbursts.
		This lake formed from glacial meltwater that was dammed by a lobe of the Canadian ice sheet.
		Eventually, the ice receded northward far enough that the dam did not reform, and the flooding episodes ceased.
	www.iceagefloodsinstitute.org (330 words)

	SPACE.com -- Satellites Track Glaciers Flows After Ice Dam Breaks
		The Larsen B ice shelf broke free of the Antarctic Peninsula, a finger of the southernmost continent, in 2002.
		"Ice that was on the continent itself rapidly flows into the ocean," Scambos said in a telephone interview.
		Because the glaciers are losing ice to the sea "at a rate which exceeds snowfall, there is excess water in the ocean from the glaciers, which means sea level is rising," said Eric Rignot, a researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and leader of the second study.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/glacier_flows_040922.html (686 words)

	City of Hopkins • Community • Your Home • Ice Dams
		Photograph 2 illustrates unusually high heat loss from the roof.There is very little snow left on the roof and at its edge is both an ice dam and a "beautiful" row of icicles.
		In addition, interior repair should be done together with correcting the heat loss problem that created the ice dam(s) or the damage will occur again.
		The proper new construction practices to prevent ice dams begin with following or exceeding the state code requirements for ceiling/roof insulation levels.
	www.hopkinsmn.com /community/home/icedams.html (1520 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Keeping heavy snow loads off your roof reduces the chances for ice dam formation and roof failure because of weight.
		In an emergency situation in which water is flowing into the house, make channels through the ice dam using water from a hose.
		The problem: an ice dam, a ridge of ice that forms at roof's edge, preventing water from draining and possibly producing seepage through the roof and into the home or business.
	www.lsj.com /news/local/p_040217_dams_1b-2b.html (544 words)

	Ice Age Module
		As another ice sheet advanced and retreated, glacial deposits largely filled the old river channels, and the next generation of rivers had to carve a new set of channels.
		Collapse of this ice dam and the subsequent catastrophic draining of Lake Missoula formed the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington.
		However, the oldest ice recovered from glaciers so far only dates back to 160,000 years ago, so the temporal record of ice cores is somewhat limited compared to deep-sea cores.
	jesse.usra.edu /articles/iceagemodule/iceagemodule-paper.html (6189 words)

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